Potassium Uptake Research Articles

Effect of Fortified Humic Acid on Total Uptake of Primary Nutrients (NPK) by Mangalore Cucumber and NPK Status in Postharvest Soil

Field experiment was conducted from December (2022) to March (2023) at College of Agriculture, V. C. Farm. Mandya to study the effect of minerals (Ca, Fe and Zn) fortified humic acid on totalmajor nutrient (N P K) uptake by Mangalore cucumber and NPK status of soil after harvest of Mangalore cucumber. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with fifteen treatments, which involves foliar spray of humic acid (T3), fortified humic acid (T4 to T7) and inorganic salts (T8 to T11) at 30 and 45 DAS and soil application of fortified humic acid (T8 to T11) at the time of sowing. The data unveiled that foliar application of Ca, Fe and Zn (each @ 50 ppm) fortified humic acid @ 0.25 % (T7) at 30 and 45 DAS recorded significantly higher total uptake of nitrogen (53.89 kg ha-1), phosphorus (17.59 kg ha-1) and potassium (58.40 kg ha-1).Lowest available N, P2O5 and K2O status in soil after harvest of Mangalore cucumber has been noticed in absolute control 204.42 kg ha-1), 27.27 kg ha-1 and 204.65 kg ha-1, respectively and it was followed by treatment T7 which recorded available N, P2O5 and K2O status of 207.48, 49.87 and231.17 kg ha-1, respectively. The results suggested that two foliar spray of Ca + Fe + Zn fortified HA at 30 and 45 DAS along with PoP resulted in higher NPK uptake by Mangalore cucumber.

Reducing Water Stress, Germination and Shoot Nutrients Accumulation of Avena sativa L. Following Application of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria

ABSTRACT Many ecological factors affect the ability of plants to survive and grow. At the same time, drought causes significant limitations to plant growth in arid regions. This study investigated the effects of bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter vinelandii=F1, Pantoea agglomerans+ Pseudomonas putida=F2, F1+F2, control=C) on reducing the effect of water stress factor 100% (FC=field capacity), 70% (0.7FC), and 40% (0.4FC) on germination, growth, and absorption of some nutrients by Avena sativa L. The results indicated that the germination rate was the highest in F1 + 0.7FC and F1 + 0.4FC, respectively and the lowest germination rate was measured in C + 0.7FC. Treatment F1+F2 + 0.4FC compared to C + 0.4FC significantly reduced the germination rate (p < .01). The highest shoot and root lengths were measured in treatment F1+F2 + 0.4FC, and the lowest shoot and root length was measured in treatment F1+F2+FC. In treatment F2 + 0.7FC, shoot and root dry weight increased significantly (p < .01). Treatment F1 + 0.4FC showed the lowest shoot dry weight. In treatment F1+FC, the highest potassium concentration was measured in treatment F2 + 0.7FC, and the highest iron and zinc were measured. The maximum uptake of iron and zinc was measured in F1+FC and F2 + 0.7FC, respectively. Treatment F1+F2 + 0.4FC showed the lowest uptake of iron, zinc, and manganese. Treatment F1+FC caused to increase in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake. Generally, the bio-fertilizers had the highest efficiency under 0.7FC and FC conditions. Fertilizers F1 and F2 separately reduced drought’s impact on plant germination. Fertilizers had no noticeable influence on the uptake of nutrients. Bio-fertilizers applied to A. sativa L. could contribute to the restoration and enhancement of rangelands.

Applications of Biofertilizers and Phosphorus Influence Nutrient Uptake and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.)

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of sole applications of biofertilizers and phosphorus as well as their integrated use in lentil. The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of phosphorus (0, 15, 20 and 25 kg P2O5 ha−1) and biofertilizer inoculation treatments [uninoculated control, Mesorhizobium, Mesorhizobium + RB-1 (Pseudomonas argentinensis) and Mesorhizobium + RB-2 (Bacillus aryabhattai)] on nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency and residual nutrient status of soil after the harvest of chickpea. Mesorhizobium + RB-1 recorded the highest uptake of nitrogen (73.7, 59.0 and 132.7 kg ha−1 in grain, straw and total, respectively), phosphorus (8.29, 11.34 and 19.63 kg ha−1 in grain, straw and total) and potassium (23.48, 43.36 and 66.84 kg ha−1 in grain, straw and total) as well as partial factor productivity (113.1 kg grain kg−1 P2O5). Application of 25 kg P2O5 ha−1 recorded the highest phosphorus concentration (0.39% in grain and 0.26% in straw), phosphorus uptake (8.35, 12.32 and 20.67 kg ha−1 in grain, straw and total, respectively) and phosphorus status in soil after crop harvest (18.7 and 16.7 kg P ha−1 in 0–15 and 15–30 cm soil layers, respectively). Partial factor productivity was recorded the highest with the application of 15 kg P2O5 ha−1 (132.2 kg grain kg−1 P2O5). It can be concluded that dual applications of biofertilizers [Mesorhizobium + RB-1 (Pseudomonas argentinensis)] and 25 kg P2O5 ha−1 improve nutrient uptake by the crop and build up of nutrients in the soil after the harvest of the crop.

Role of Organic Fertilizer Types on Nutrient Absorption and Soybean Yield in Teak-based Agroforestry Systems

Background: Indonesia’s soybean production is insufficient to meet the demand for domestic soybean consumption as 86.4% demand is met from imports. Climatic conditions strongly influence soybean production and its quality in Indonesia, so the agroforestry system are used to to boost soybean production. However, the weakness of the agroforestry system is the low light intensity resulting in lower production. This study examines the effect of various organic fertilizers on nutrient uptake and soybean yields in teak-based agroforestry systems. Methods: The study used a complete randomized block design with one factor, namely the type of fertilizer with seven levels, namely inorganic fertilizer (Urea 50 kg/ha, SP36 100 kg/ha and KCl 100 kg/ha), Indigofera tinctoria compost, corncob compost, peanut green manure, chicken manure, goat manure and cow manure (dose of 5 tons/ha) and repeated three times. Result: The type of fertilizer affects nitrogen and potassium uptake, root length and biomass, number of leaves, plant biomass and 1 ha soybean yield in a teak-based agroforestry system. Indigofera tinctoria compost produced the highest nitrogen and potassium uptake, 13.83g and 2.77g. Nitrogen uptake is positively correlated with root length and plant biomass. The highest soybean yield in the peanut green manure treatment was 1.6 tons. Organic fertilizers increased nutrient uptake and soybean yields under teak stands compared to inorganic fertilizers.

Melatonin enhances cadmium tolerance in rice via long non-coding RNA-mediated modulation of cell wall and photosynthesis

In plants, melatonin (MLT) is a versatile signaling molecule involved in promoting plant development and mitigating the damage caused by heavy metal exposure. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential components in the plant’s response to various abiotic stress, functioning within the gene regulatory network. Here, a hydroponic experiment was performed to explore the involvement of lncRNAs in MLT-mediated amelioration of cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice plants. The results demonstrated that applying 250 mg L–1 MLT in a solution containing 10 μM Cd leads to an effective reduction of 30.0% in shoot Cd concentration. Remarkably, the treatment resulted in a 21.2% improvement in potassium and calcium uptake, a 164.5% enhancement in net photosynthetic rate, and a 33.2% decrease in malondialdehyde accumulation, resulting increases in plant height, root length, and biomass accumulation. Moreover, a transcriptome analysis revealed 2510 differentially expressed transcripts, including the Cd transporters (–3.82-fold downregulated) and the Cd tolerance-associated genes (1.24-fold upregulated). Notably, regulatory network prediction uncovered 6 differentially expressed lncRNAs that act as competitive endogenous RNA or in RNA complex interactions. These key lncRNAs regulate the expression of target genes that are involved in pectin and cellulose metabolism, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, salicylic acid-mediated defense response, and biosynthesis of brassinosteroids, which ultimately modify the cell wall for Cd adsorption, safeguard photosynthesis, and control hormone signaling to reduce Cd toxicity. Our results unveiled a crucial lncRNA-mediated mechanism underlying MLT’s role in Cd detoxification in rice plants, providing potential applications in agricultural practices and environmental remediation.

Alleviation of salt toxicity by melatonin supplementation in eggplant involves the up-regulation of ascorbate–glutathione and glyoxalase system

Eggplant is considered an important vegetable to evaluate the abiotic stress responses, especially salt stress, that compromise the growth as well as development of plants. Melatonin (MT) has recently surfaced as an emerging stress-alleviating molecule that can relief salinity-triggered toxicity in plants. Nonetheless, the probable mechanism involved in functioning of MT under saline stress has not yet been demonstrated to full extent in plants. Hence, we experimented to get insight into the crucial mechanisms involved in MT-triggered saline stress tolerance using eggplant. Biomass production and growth traits are substantially reduced under saline stress due to impairment of photosynthesis, hindering photosystem function, and accumulation of secondary metabolites. In contrast, application of MT remarkably enhanced the growth attributes, improved photosynthetic efficiency, maximum PSII efficacy (Fv/Fm), gas exchange parameters, elevated uptake of Potassium (K+) and reduced accumulation of Sodium (Na+) ion. Furthermore, MT efficiency recovered integrity of the cell [reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and relative electrolyte leakage (REL)] through inducing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and regulating AsA-GSH pool, tightened the production of superoxide radical (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In particular, MT treatment increased Gly 1 enzyme activity and reduced MG enzyme activity in the leaves of eggplant seedling. In addition, proline, soluble sugar, and protein contents in eggplant leaves are enhanced as a result of MT treatment. We conclude that our research findings define the important role of MT in mitigating the toxicity triggered in eggplants due to salinity by improving photosynthesis, redox balance, and uptake of nutrients, secondary metabolism and hence increased biomass synthesis.

Hydrogen peroxide promotes potassium uptake by activating flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and ethylene signaling in grapevines

Potassium ion (K+) is an essential nutrient for plants. Grapes are an important industrial crop with an extremely high demand for potassium. However, potassium deficiency occurs frequently in viticulture and greatly restricts the grape industry. Developing a technique to improve potassium uptake efficiency is of vital importance for grapes. In this study, we found that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment could improve K+ uptake in grapes. To determine the mechanisms underlying H2O2-induced K+ uptake, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted and the differentially expressed genes were further analyzed. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that ion transport-related pathways and genes changed after H2O2 treatment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was closely related to H2O2-induced K+ uptake, and H2O2 treatment could activate the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Further analysis demonstrated that H2O2 treatment could activate ethylene synthesis and the ethylene signaling pathway, which promoted K+ uptake by regulating K+ transporter genes. Overall, this study demonstrates a new technique, H2O2 treatment, for enhancing potassium uptake efficiency in grapes and reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying H2O2-induced K+ uptake.

Potential of melatonin in enhancing antioxidant defense system and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids under saline condition

Melatonin is a multi-signaling plant hormone that significantly regulate plant growth and development under stress environment. Since a very few crop species have been investigated to disclose the role of exogenously applied melatonin on salt stress, in the current experiment, we investigated the effects of melatonin application by measuring the growth, physio-biochemical and yield attributes of two maize hybrids (2225 and 8711) in saline field (8.9 dS m−1) with two levels of melatonin (0.5 and 1.0 mM). Maize plants from both hybrids grown in saline field show reduced plant growth, fresh and dry biomass, low water contents, grain yield, reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes and poor K+/Na+ ratio due to higher Na+ influx and reduced potassium uptake by plant roots. Our results revealed that foliar application of melatonin at 1.0 mM level on salt stressed maize seedlings alleviated salt induced reduction in plant height, chlorophyll and water contents, reduced the production of proline contents and antioxidant stress indicators (malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents) and increase cob length along with improved activities of antioxidant enzymes and nutrients concentration in maize grain. Moreover, it was noticed that maize hybrid 2225 show improved growth and eminently responded to melatonin application under all treatments as compared to maize hybrid 8711. The results of the current experiment exhibit the potential of melatonin in mitigate the hazardous effects of salt stress on maize and our findings can provides scientific information for the researchers working on saline agriculture to disclose the potential benefits of melatonin application in achieving sustainable production from salt affected soils.

Influence of Spacing and Weed Management Practices on the Growth Characters, Nutrient Removal of Weeds and Nutrient Uptake of Direct Seeded Rice

Background: The field experiment was conducted at the Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu during rabi, 2022-2023 to study the influence of spacing and weed management practices on growth characters, nutrient removal by weeds and nutrient uptake of direct seeded rice (DSR). Methods: The field experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The main plots were spacing of 20 × 15 cm, 20 × 20 cm and 25 × 25 cm. Sub plots were assigned with weed management practices viz., pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP at 20 g a.i ha-1 on 3 DAS as PE + bispyribac sodium 10% SC at 25 g a.i ha-1 on 20 DAS as PoE, Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP at 20 g a.i ha-1 on 3 DAS as PE + Cono weeding on 20 DAS + hand weeding (HW) on 40 DAS, Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP at 20 g a.i ha-1 on 3 DAS as PE + Cono weeding on 20 DAS and 40 DAS, Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP at 20 g a.i ha-1 on 3 DAS as PE + Bispyribac sodium 10% SC at 25 g a.i ha-1 on 20 DAS as PoE + Cono weeding on 40 DAS, Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP at 20 g a.i ha-1 on 3 DAS as PE + Bispyribac sodium 10% SC at 25 g a.i ha-1 on 20 DAS as PoE + Hand weeding on 40 DAS, Hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS and unweeded control. Result: The results indicated that the highest growth attributes, higher nutrient uptake of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium under DSR and were significantly improved by spacing 20 × 20 cm along with pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP at 20 g a.i ha-1 on 3 DAS as PE + Bispyribac sodium 10% SC at 25 g a.i ha-1 on 20 DAS as PoE + Cono weeding on 40 DAS. This was on par with pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP at 20 g a.i ha-1 on 3 DAS as PE + Bispyribac sodium 10% SC at 25 g a.i ha-1 on 20 DAS as PoE + Hand weeding on 40 DAS and hand weeding on 20 and 40 DAS. Similarly lower nutrient removal by weeds were registered under 20 × 15 cm spacing along with pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP at 20 g a.i ha-1 on 3 DAS as PE + Bispyribac sodium 10% SC at 25 g a.i ha-1 on 20 DAS as PoE + cono weeding on 40 DAS. The interaction of spacing 20 × 20 cm and pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP at 20 g a.i ha-1 on 3 DAS as PE + Bispyribac sodium 10% SC at 25 g a.i ha-1 on 20 DAS as PoE + Cono weeding on 40 DAS significantly increased the growth attributes such as plant height, dry matter production and total numbers of tillers and significantly lowered the nutrient removal by weeds.

The Use of Two Locally Sourced Bio-Inocula to Improve Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling in Soils and Increase Macro and Micronutrient Nutrient Concentration in Edamame (Glycine max. L.) and Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima)

Soil macro- and micronutrient nutrient availability and their uptake by plants are critically reliant upon an active presence of the soil microbiome. This study investigated the effect of two locally sourced bio-inocula, local effective microorganisms (LEMs) and false-local effective microorganisms (F-LEMs), on plant available nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and the uptake of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn) content in edamame (Glycine max. L.) and pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) grown in a randomized complete block design with four reps, summer 2017 and 2018, respectively. LEM plots showed greater plant-available N during the first week (edamame season) and fourth week (pumpkin season) after treatment applications. During the pumpkin season, post-treatment plant-available P was greater in both summers in LEM plots. Edamame bean had 19%, 3%, 5%, and 16% greater Ca, Mg, K, and Zn content in LEM plots compared to the Control, respectively. The concentration of K in pumpkin pulp at harvest was 31% higher in LEMs than in F-LEMs, while Mg concentration was 42% higher. Pumpkin pulp and seeds also had 27% and 34% greater Ca and Zn concentrations compared to the Control. Our study suggests that LEMs were effective in solubilizing macro- and micronutrients, which led to increased plant uptake.

Nutrient Uptake in Different Maize Varieties (Zea mays L.) Planted in Tropical Peat Materials

Oligotrophic tropical peat soils are usually deemed unsuitable for cropping common crops such as maize due to low pH and nutrient deficiency. This research aims to compare potassium, calcium, and magnesium uptake between different varieties of maize planted in two types of peat materials. This study investigated the growth of selected maize varieties by comparing the nutrient uptake between three different varieties of maize (V1-Asia Manis, V2-Super A, and V3-Pearl Waxy) planted on hemic and sapric, respectively, without any application of fertilisers. Significant interactions were found where different maize varieties responded differently in the nutrient uptake when planted in different peat materials. Super A (V2) significantly recorded the highest uptake for all nutrients (679.71 mg) when planted in hemic, followed by V1 (422.03 mg) and V3 (314.77 mg) when planted in sapric. Super A was found to be superior to the two varieties, where it was more efficient in absorbing nutrients from the peat materials, having significantly higher dry matter weight (26.37 g) than V1 (19.26 g) and V3 (13.67 g). Hemic and sapric could support the growth of all three maize varieties up till the tasselling stage without any fertiliser application.

Need to revisit potassium soil test methods: ammonium acetate method does not correlate with tuber yield and potassium uptake in potato

The study was driven by concerns regarding lack of response to K applied as per existing soil test based fertilizer recommendations in case of the potato crop in northwest India. Geo-tagged surface soil (0-15 cm) samples 180 were collected from three (60 each) different fields (named A, B and C) followed by pot experiment involving potato planted to 30 different surface (0-15 cm) soils using two K levels (0 and 60 kg K2O ha−1). Cate-Nelson (CN) model, and non-linear segmented linear-plateau (LP) and quadratic-plateau (QP) models were used to compute critical K levels by relating relative yield with soil test K using five different methods: 1 M ammonium acetate (AA K), ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA), Mehlich-3, sodium tetraphenylboron (STPB) and 1 M boiling nitric acid. These were validated by conducting fertilizer response trials (six K fertilizer levels- 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 kg K2O ha−1) at four sites. AA K correlated with other soil K extractants in the order: AB-DTPA (r = 0.93**, 0.27* and 0.67**)> STPB K (r = 0.71**, 0.27* and 0.39**) whereas AA K generally did not show any correlation with HNO3 K. AAK method was poorly correlated with yield and plant K uptake (r = 0.15, 0.24, respectively) in comparison to AB-DTPA (r = 0.75**, 0.64**), Mehlich-3 (r = 0.78**, 0.72**), STPB (0.58**, 0.76**) and nitric acid method (0.55**, 0.44*). Thus, multi-nutrient extractants like AB-DTPA and Mehlich-3 are better (than AAK) indices of plant available K.

Response of IWM Strategies on Growth, Nodulation, Productivity and Profitability in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) under Haryana Conditions

Background: This research aims to analyze the effects of IWM strategies on growth, nodulation and nutrient uptake in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. under Haryana conditions. Methods: Field experiments were conducted for two successive years with Trigonella foenum-graecum L. sown at Agronomy Research farm (29°10'N, 75°46'E), CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana during 2018-19 and 2019-20 to investigate the impact of factors on growth and economics of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Result: Among the integrated treatments, application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) at 1500 g ha-1 + one hoeing at 3-4 leaf stage recorded maximum nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by seed and haulm and was found to be at par with weed free check. PRE pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) at 1500 g ha-1 + one hoeing at 3-4 leaf stage provided highest net returns (Rs. 27,579 ha-1) and highest B: C (2.13) was observed in PRE pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) at 1500 g ha-1, respectively. This article aims to document the role of IWM and concludes that coupling pendimethalin and imazethapyr and supplementing them with one hand hoeing will provide effective weed management.

The Influence of Mineral NPK Fertiliser Rates on Potassium Dynamics in Soil: Data from a Long-Term Agricultural Plant Fertilisation Experiment.

A fertilisation experiment, with the aim to determine the effects of different potassium fertiliser rates and their interactions with nitrogen and phosphorus on field-rotation productivity, potassium balance, fertiliser utilization, and changes in the content of potassium in soil, was carried out in Lithuania between 1971 and 2020. The multi-factorial scheme with 45 treatment plots, where seven rates (including zero) of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilisers were studied. The experimental treatments during the study period were carried out on winter wheat, spring wheat, spring barley, sugar beet, spring rapeseed, and annual and perennial grasses. It was found that potassium fertilisers were the most effective on agricultural crops when used in combination with other major plant nutrients-i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus. The required balance of potassium (K2O) in the soil was measured, when nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers were applied together to compensate for potassium removal; when applying low nitrogen (N) (72 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (P2O5) (64 kg ha-1) fertiliser rates, 128 kg ha-1 of potassium fertilisers are required. When using high nitrogen (180 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (160 kg ha-1) fertiliser rates, 160 kg ha-1 of potassium is needed. The highest potassium uptake, reaching 51.6%, was achieved when plants had been fertilised with nitrogen (108 kg ha-1), phosphorus (96 kg ha-1), and potassium (96 kg ha-1). When fertilising with potassium fertilisers alone, the content of plant-available K2O content in the soil increased, whereas with fertilisation with nitrogen and phosphorus combined K2O content is decreased, except in the plots where the plants had been fertilised with potassium fertiliser at rates of 128 kg ha-1 and higher. Due to the influence of fertilisers, the amount of non-exchangeable potassium in the soil also increased, but relatively little compared to the amount of available potassium content. Thus, one of the main conditions for the effective use of potassium fertilisers is ensuring optimal plant nutrition with other nutrition elements, especially nitrogen and phosphorus.

Crop–weed dynamics, nutrient uptake, and soil microclimate in elephant foot yam under conservation agriculture

Conservation agriculture (CA) is a sustainable option to adapt to climate change. Weed management is one of the most important challenges faced by CA. Information on CA in cropping systems involving elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson), an important tuber crop, is lacking. Hence, this study aimed to determine the effect of CA in elephant foot yam on crop–weed dynamics, nutrient uptake, and soil microclimate. Field experiments were conducted in randomized block design over two seasons at ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, in elephant foot yam (var. Gajendra) intercropped with banana (var. Robusta) with five treatments viz., conservation organic, conservation chemical, conventional chemical, existing conventional [package of practices (POP) as control], and existing organic package. The weed flora was dominated by broad-leaved weeds. By the fourth month, conservation chemical practice reduced the weed density by 58.8% and weed biomass by 55% over existing POP. The total biomass production and its partitioning to corms, uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), crop growth rate, corm bulking rate, and harvest index of elephant foot yam did not differ significantly under conservation or conventional practices but were higher in conservation chemical practice. The N, P, and K physiological efficiencies were higher in conventional chemical treatment. The soil microclimate was improved, with higher soil CO2 flux and soil moisture in conservation organic or organic plots. The study proved that conservation practices involving reduced tillage, residue retention, and use of herbicides was a viable alternative in banana + elephant foot yam system.

Influence of weather on the dynamics of potassium content in apple leaves

Potassium is very important for apple tree physiology. Apple plants are grown only in the open air and the uptake of potassium depends on weather and people cannot directly influence it. We have studied the relationship between potassium availability depending on the rate of soil application to the soil, foliar fertilizing and weather conditions in the experimental high-density apple orchard of the I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center in 2020 and 2021. Trees of the Ligolcultivar were grafted on rootstock 62-396, planting pattern 1,2×4,5 m (1852 tr./ ha). Potassium levels in the leaves were weakly correlated with air temperature (r = 0.46...0.50) and humidity (0.33...0.52), a stronger correlation was with soil temperature (0.57...0.70).

Performance of Various Chemicals Weed Management in Chickpea an Irrigated Environment

Chickpea is additional sensitive to weed competition than other crops. During early stages of crop growth competition is more severe because of slow growth rate and leaf area development. Weeds have been blamed for losses in India that range from 40 to 90 percent. Thus, adopting an effective weed management strategy is the only way to significantly increase chickpea yield. The experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2011-12 at Agronomy Research Farm of NDUA&amp;T, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with fourteen weed management treatments and replicated in thrice. According to the findings, weed management methods significantly affect the number of nodules, nutrient (N, P, K) uptake, yields, and economics of chickpea over weedy check at growth stage. Maximum yield (1.72 t ha-1) and nutrient uptake (N- 63.60, P- 9.09 and K- 74.39 kg ha -1) by chickpea were recorded in weed free treatment but maximum nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium (23.22, 2.68 and 50.42 kg ha -1) uptake by weed were obtained in weedy check treatment and lowest in weed free treatment.

System Intensification in Ridges and Furrow Planting to Enhance Nutrient Uptake Efficiency in Soybean

Through the study we aim to explore agronomic intervention to provide nutritional security to growing population, with limited resources and changing climatic conditions. The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of system intensification on nutrient content and nutrient uptake in soybean varieties within ridge and furrow planting system. The experiment was conducted during Kharif 2019 at Pantnagar, India. It was designed in a split-plot layout with eight treatments, replicated thrice. The main plot treatments included two soybean varieties: PS-1092 and SL-958. Four system intensification treatments were within the sub-plots, (plant-to-plant spacing -5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm). Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Sulfur content in seed was significantly highest at spacing 10 cm as compared to other spacing treatments (P value=.05). Nitrogen, Phosphorus Potassium and Sulfur uptake for both seed and stover was the maximum at plant to plant spacing of 10 cm which was significantly higher than other plant to plant spacing treatments at 5 % level of significance. Intense plant to plant spacing of 10 cm resulted into the significantly higher partial factor productivity (PFP) of nutrients at P=.05. Although nutrient content, nutrient uptake and PFP in soybean is higher at plant to plant spacing of 10 cm, nutrient harvest index is better achieved at wider spacing of 15 to 20 cm. Under no fertilizer limitation, system intensification can be useful to enhance nutrient content of seeds but in cases of limited fertilizer availability wider spacing is more beneficial to achieve higher nutrient use efficiency. Further investigations are needed to fine-tune these practices across diverse geographic regions and soil types. GHG emissions from soybean grown in varying planting geometry needs to be studied.

FRI550 Case Of Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis In African American Man With Cannabis Use

Abstract Disclosure: H. Al Jumaili: None. A. Mahaldar: None. S. Campbell: None. A. Gosmanova: None. Introduction: Recent changes in cannabis use (CU) laws led to growing interest in its use for recreational and therapeutic purposes. may have serious health problems such as hypokalemia, paralysis and rhabdomyolysis. Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis (TPP) is a rare and life-threatening complication of the thyrotoxicosis characterized by acute reversable painless muscle weakness or paralysis and hypokalemia due to massive intracellular shift of potassium. This condition is mainly seen males of Asian descent. Case: A 31-year-old African American man with Graves’ disease admitted to the hospital for upper and lower extremities weakness after Thanksgiving Day. He woke up with sudden inability to move any of his extremities with. He had high carbohydrate meal, on the evening. Patient reported having similar periodic episodes of paralysis, usually worse in the lower extremities for the last 2 years. This episode lasted longer than usual. On exam, he had enlarged thyroid gland and tachycardia. motor weakness, worse on lower extremities, hyporeflexia and intact sensation. Potassium was 1.8 mmol/l, magnesium 1.5 mg/dl, TSH &amp;lt;0.01 mIU/ml, FT4 4.3 ng/dl, FT3 18.3 ng/dl, anti-thyroid antibodies were elevated at 18 IU/L, and urine screen was positive for cannabinoid. Potassium was replaced, he was given propranolol and continued on methimazole. Patient's paralysis had improved in all four limbs, with serum potassium of 4.1 mmol/L. Discussion: TPP is a rarely seen condition in US but is known in an eastern Asian population, and in US the incidence rate was reported to be around 0.1 to 0.2%. American Indian are thought to be the higher risk. Underlying mechanism is imbalance in potassium homeostasis due to increased cellular Na-K ATPase pump activity with shift of potassium to the intracellular space. There are many theories regarding the cause of exaggerated intracellular potassium influx in TPP. Na-K ATPase activity is directly stimulated by thyroid hormone and insulin response to carbohydrate ingestion which promotes potassium uptake into muscle correlating with clinical observation that paralysis seen after a high carbohydrate meal. KCNJ18 gene mutations which alter the function of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel named Kir2.6 have been detected in some patients. In our patient, additional factor such as cannabis use potentiated intracellular potassium shift and hypokalemia. Recent evidence suggests that the CB1 receptor is expressed not only in the brain, but also found in lungs, heart, and skeletal muscle. Stimulation of (CB1) and activation of G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels through intra-cellular signal cascades promotes hypokalemia and paralysis. Conclusion: This case raises awareness of TPP in non-Asian population and highlights the importance to consider cannabis as additional trigger for hypokalemia and paralysis. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

Response of Fertility Levels and Liquid Biofertilizers on Soil Chemical Properties and Nutrient Uptake under Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2019-20 at Instructional Farm of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur to examine the effect of fertility levels and liquid biofertilizers on soil chemical properties and nutrient uptake by wheat. The treatments comprised of four levels of fertility (i.e. control, 75, 100 and 125% RDF) and four levels of liquid biofertilizers (i.e. no inoculation, Azotobacter, PSB and Azotobacter + PSB). Experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replication taking wheat var Raj 4238 as test crop. The recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) was 100:60:40 kg ha-1 of N:P2O5:K2O. The results revealed that significant increase in available primary nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in post harvest soil of wheat and also significantly increase in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) uptake by wheat with increasing levels of fertility and liquid biofertilizers up to the 100% RDF and Azotobacter + PSB respectively.