Uptake In Grain Research Articles

Enhancing black gram “[Vigna mungo (l.) Hepper]” nutrient uptake and yield through integrated use of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer application

Black gram is an important legume crop cultivated throughout the world for its protein content and economic importance. The integrated nutrient management practice is the key strategy to increase the production and productivity of black gram to meet the protein needs of the growing population. There is an immediate need for organic manure application along with inorganic fertilizer for increasing the nutrient uptake efficiency of crops. The goal of the field experiment was to maximise the delivery of nutrients by recycling residue from the cropping system's related components. Different organic manures and the appropriate dosages of NPK fertilisers were used in the studies from 2019 to 2021 and the field was laid out in split plot statistical design with 5 main plots viz., M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 and 3 Sub plots were fixed with different fertilizer levels viz., S1, S2 and S3. The significant influences on growth and yield attributes of black gram were observed. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and uptake in grain and haulm yield significantly increased with the application of M2S1 compared to other combinations tried in both years. This experiment highlights the effectiveness of integrated nutrient management (INM) using organic manure and inorganic fertilizers. This approach can improve crop yield while promoting sustainability by reducing reliance solely on chemical fertilizers.

Enhancing soil quality in soybean cultivation: Mycorrhizal technology combined with intercropping under high cadmium stress.

Cadmium (Cd) contamination presents a serious challenges for sustainable agriculture. This study evaluated the combined impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and intercropping with Solanum nigrum on soil microbial diversity, enzyme activity, and environmental factors in soybean cultivation under high Cd stress. The combined treatment effectively reduced bioavailable Cd in soil, with the acid-soluble Cd fraction at 19.57 mg/kg and the reducible Cd fraction at 61.35 %, resulting in safe soybean grain Cd levels (2.63 mg/kg, below the 3 mg/kg organic standard). Illumina NovaSeq sequencing analysis revealed that key bacterial taxa, including Bradyrhizobium and PMMR1, were correlated with reduced Cd uptake in grains. Although bacterial α diversity increased, microbial network stability decreased in response to Cd, AMF inoculation, and intercropping. The combined treatment also enhanced soil enzyme activity by regulating the relative abundance of dominant or key genera such as Subgroup_6, Rokubacteriales and Pseudarthrobacter. Notably, catalase activity was 97.25 % higher in the combined treatment compared to monoculture without AMF colonization under high Cd conditions. These findings demonstrate the synergistic potential of AMF inoculation and S. nigrum intercropping as a sustainable approach to mitigate Cd contamination in crops while improving soil health in Cd-contaminated environments.

Comparative Analysis of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Boro Rice under Long-term Inorganic and Organic Fertilization Practices

An experiment was conducted during Boro rice in the permanent experimental field of the Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh to investigae the long term outcome of manure and fertilizers on the yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) of BRRI dhan29 in floodplain (Subtropical) soil (Aeric Haplaquepts). The experiment was designed in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There were ten treatment combinations viz, control; Nitrogen (N); (Nitrogen Phosphorus) NP; Nitrogen Potassium (NK); Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium (NPK); Nitrogen Zinc (NZn); Nitrogen Sulphur (NS); Nitrogen Sulphur Zinc (NSZn), Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Sulphur Zinc (NPKSZn) and NPK+FYM. The yield contributing characters and yield of BRRI dhan29 significantly increased due to different treatments. Grain and straw yields were highly influenced by the application of nutrients in various combinations. The longest panicle length (25.3 cm), the highest 1000 grain weight (22.7 g), the maximum grain yield (6.29 t ha-1), the highest nitrogen uptake in grain (70.4 kg ha-1) were found for the NPKSZn treatment. Grain yield increased by 24.8%, 85.8%, 40.7%, 68.9%, 29.2%, 33.2%, 107.1%, 28.9% and 78.9% due to N, NP, NK, NPK, NS, NSZn, NPKSZn, NZn and NPK+FYM treatments respectively and the corresponding straw yields attainment by 49.6%, 51.1%, 82.0%, 95.3%, 37.8%, 34.4%, 82.7%, 41.8% and 90.2%. The maximum value of apparent nitrogen use efficiency was obtained with NPKSZn (54.06%) treatment which evidently suggested its resultness for the long term fertilized soil.

Micronutrients concentration and content in corn as affected by nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization

AbstractThe interaction between nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers significantly impacts the uptake of micronutrients in corn, influencing their availability in soil and uptake by plants. Understanding the interaction of macro‐ and micronutrients is a prerequisite to targeting nutrient balance in crop production. Therefore, a 2‐year field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of NPK fertilization on micronutrient uptake of rain‐fed corn (Zea mays L.). A randomized complete block design was employed with 12 treatments replicated three times. Different combinations of N, P, and K fertilizer rates were investigated for micronutrient concentration and uptake in rain‐fed corn. Findings revealed the order of nutrient accumulation in corn plants: iron (Fe) > manganese (Mn) > zinc (Zn) > copper (Cu). Nitrogen application influenced nutrient concentrations and uptake. Increasing N rates increased micronutrient concentrations in corn grain, except for Cu. Interestingly, Cu content in grains exhibited no correlation with nutrient supply, biomass, or other concentrations. As the N application rate increased, micronutrient content increased at early growth stage and physiological maturity. Phosphorus application showed negligible impact on grain micronutrient concentration and uptake. However, K application notably increased Mn, Fe, and Cu uptake in grains. This study underscores the need to consider not only grain yield but also nutritional quality when determining optimal NPK rates in rain‐fed corn cultivation.

The role of organic amendments combined with nitrogen fertilizers in enhancing nitrogen use efficiency for wheat in saline calcareous soil

This study investigates the effects of combining different nitrogen fertilizers with organic amendments and Azospirillum brasilense on wheat growth, yield, and nutrient uptake in saline calcareous soil, with a goal of enhancing crop productivity while reducing environmental impacts. The objective was to evaluate treatments involving ammonium sulfate (AS), urea, and sulfur-coated urea (SCU), mixed with organic amendments such as Moringa seed residues (MSR), biogas manure (BM), and vermicompost (Ver), along with Azospirillum brasilense (ASB). Among these treatments, SCU emerged as the most effective nitrogen source, especially when combined with Vermicompost and ASB. Key results include the following: the highest Chlorophyll a content of 1.96 mg/g f wt was observed in the SCU treatment with Ver and ASB; Likewise, the same treatment exhibited the highest values of Chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and proline; the tallest plant height (117.50 cm) was also achieved with this combination; and the highest straw and grain weights (2.63 g/plant and 2.22 g/plant, respectively) came from the same treatment. Additionally, this treatment yielded the highest protein content at 19.29%. In terms of nutrient uptake, SCU-based treatments consistently demonstrated the highest values. The SCU with Ver + ASB treatment recorded the highest nitrogen uptake in straw at 78.64 mg plant−1, phosphorus uptake at 12.86 mg plant−1, and potassium uptake at 61.66 mg plant−1. Similarly, this combination yielded the highest N, P, and K uptake in grains, with 68.05, 10.88, and 53.15 mg plant-1, respectively. e

Responses of various sources of zinc and application mode on nutrient content, uptake of grain and straw of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under timely sowing crop

Responses of various sources of zinc and application mode on nutrient content, uptake of grain and straw of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under timely sowing crop

Efficacy of Nano Urea on Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Irrigated Maize under Temperate Ecology

A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif-2022 season at the Agronomy Research Field, FOA, SKUAST-Kashmir, to investigate the efficacy of nano-urea in improving nitrogen-use efficiency in irrigated maize. Ten treatments were evaluated viz., T1: Control, T2: Recommended dose of Nitrogen (RDN) as basal (prilled urea), T3: 75% RDN + 1 spray nano-urea at 2 ml L-1 (60 DAS), T4: 75% RDN + 1 spray at 4 ml L-1 (60 DAS), T5: 50% RDN + 2 sprays at 2 ml L-1 (30 and 60 DAS), T6: 50% RDN + 2 sprays at 4 ml L-1 (30 and 60 DAS), T7: 25% RDN + 2 sprays at 6 ml L-1 (30 and 60 DAS), T8: 25% RDN + 2 sprays at 8 ml L-1 (30 and 60 DAS), T9: 25% RDN + 1 spray at 6 ml L-1 (60 DAS), T10: 25% RDN + 1 spray at 8 ml L-1 (60 DAS). The experiment was carried out following a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that treatment T6 (50% RDN as basal + 2 sprays at 30 and 60 DAS at 4 ml L-1 of nano-urea) exhibited superior performance compared to the recommended nitrogen dose (T2) and other treatments in enhancing nutri-ent-use efficiency. Notably, treatment T6 demonstrated the highest nitrogen uptake in grain (101.92 kg ha-1) as well as stover (67.41 kg ha-1), surpassing all other treatments. Additionally, agronomic efficiency was significantly higher in T8, while physiological efficiency peaked in T6. Yield attributes and overall yield showed consistent improvements in treatments receiving nano-urea. Furthermore, treatments utilizing nano-urea demonstrated higher net returns and benefit-cost ratios, with T6 particularly standing out. These findings underscore the potential of foliar application of nano-urea to halve the recommended dose of prilled urea, thereby enhancing nitrogen uptake, nutrient-use efficiency, yield, and economic returns, while promoting sustainability in agriculture.

Partial Substitution of Nitrogen Fertilizer with Biogas Slurry Increases Rice Yield and Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency, Enhancing Soil Fertility in the Chaohu Lake Basin.

To investigate the effects of biogas slurry substitution for fertilizer on rice yield, fertilizer utilization efficiency, and soil fertility, a field experiment was conducted on rice-wheat rotation soil in the Chaohu Lake Basin for two consecutive years, with the following six treatments: no fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization (CF), optimized fertilization (OF), biogas slurry replacing 15% of fertilizer (15% OFB), biogas slurry replacing 30% of fertilizer (30% OFB), and biogas slurry replacing 50% of fertilizer (50% OFB). The field experiment results showed that, compared with CF treatment, OF treatment in 2022 and 2023 significantly increased (p < 0.05) rice yield, promoted the uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) by grains and straws, improved fertilizer utilization efficiency, and increased the contents of soil organic C (SOC), NH4+-N, NO3--N, hydrolysable N, and available P. The 15% OFB and 30% OFB treatments significantly increased (p < 0.05) rice grain and straw yields compared with CF treatment, and rice grain and straw yields were the highest in the 30% OFB treatment. Compared with CF and OF treatments, 30% OFB treatment significantly increased (p < 0.05) the N, P, and K uptake of grains and straws and increased the fertilizer utilization efficiency. Compared with CF treatment, the grain yield of 50% OFB treatment was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in 2022, and there was no significant difference in 2023, which may be because the biogas slurry was applied before planting in 2023 to provide more nutrients for early rice growth. Compared with CF treatment, 30% OFB treatment significantly increased (p < 0.05) the contents of SOC, NH4+-N, available K, and hydrolysable N. In summary, optimizing N and K topdressing methods can increase rice yield and improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency and soil fertility. The 30% OFB treatment resulted in the highest rice yield, fertilizer utilization efficiency, and improved soil fertility, indicating that biogas slurry replacing 30% of fertilizer was the best application mode for rice in this region.

Effect of cutting schedules and nitrogen management on forage and seed production of oats (Avena sativa L.)

A field research entitled “Effect of cutting schedules and nitrogen management on forage and seed production of oats (Avena sativa L.)” was conducted to find out the effect of cutting schedules (uncut, cut at 50 DAS and cut at 60 DAS) and nitrogen management (120 kg N ha-1, 90 kg N ha-1 + one spray of nano urea 2 ml litre-1, 90 kg N ha-1 + one spray of nano urea 4 ml litre-1, 60 kg N ha-1 + two sprays of nano urea 2 ml litre-1 and 60 kg N ha-1 + two sprays of nano urea 4 ml litre-1) on productivity of oats and find out the effect of foliar application of ‘Nano Urea’. The results revealed that significantly higher plant height, number of tiller 0.5 m-1 row length and dry matter accumulation 0.5 m-1 row length were observed under uncut over cut at 50 DAS and cut at 60 DAS.The results revealed that cut at 60 DAS resulted in significantly highergreen fodder yield as compared to cut at 50 DAS. Yield parameters viz. number of effective tillers 0.5 m-1 row length, panicle length, number of grains panicle-1, 1000 grain weight, weight of grain 0.5 m-1 row length, grain, straw, biological yield and harvest index of oat was significantly higher under uncut as compared to cut at 50 DAS and 60 DAS. Grain yield increased under uncut over cut at 60 DAS by 146.8 per cent and straw yield increased under uncut over cut at 50 DAS and cut at 60 DAS by 69.1 and 182.7 per cent, respectively. Further, uncut recorded significantly higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and uptake in grain and straw as compared to cut at 50 DAS and 60 DAS. Further, number of tiller and dry matter accumulation increased with the application of 120 kg ha-1. Significantly higher green (35.02 t ha-1) and dry (7.35 t ha-1) fodder yield was obtained with the application of 120 kg N ha-1 as compared to application of 60 kg N ha-1 + two sprays of nano urea 2 ml litre-1 and 60 kg N ha-1 + two sprays of nano urea 4 ml litre-1, however, it was at par with application of 90 kg N ha-1 + one spray of nano urea 2 ml litre-1 and 90 kg N ha-1 + one spray of nano urea 4 ml litre-1. Yield parameters viz. number of effective tillers and 1000 grain weight increased with the application of 120 kg N ha-1. Further, grain yield increased with the application 120 kg N ha-1over 90 kg N ha-1 + one spray of nano urea 2 ml litre-1, 90 kg N ha-1 + one spray of nano urea 4 ml litre-1, 60 kg N ha-1 + two sprays of nano urea 2 ml litre-1 and 60 kg N ha-1 + two sprays of nano urea 4 ml litre-1 by 17.4, 14.2, 35.1 and 28.2 per cent, respectively. Straw yield increased with the application of 120 kg N ha-1 over 60 kg N ha-1 + two sprays of nano urea 2 ml litre-1 by 15.3 per cent. Further application of 120 kg N ha-1 recorded higher phosphorus and potassium content over rest of the treatments.

Effect of Tillage Practices and Fertilization Levels on Nutrient Uptake and Content in Grain and Straw of Wheat under Rice-Wheat Cropping System

The present investigation was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, CSAUAT, during rabi 2021-22 and 2022-23. The experiment was laid out into Split plot design with three replicates. The parameters were observed plant viz. nitrogen content in grain and straw (%), nitrogen uptake in grain and straw (kg ha-1), phosphorus content in grain and straw (%), phosphorus uptake in grain and straw (kg ha-1), potassium content in grain and straw (%), nitrogen uptake in grain and straw (kg ha-1). Basis on the pooled data the results of study revealed that in case of tillage practices maximum nitrogen content in grain and straw (1.80 and 0.53%), Nitrogen uptake in grain and straw (93.34 and 36.26 kg ha-1). Phosphorus content in grain and straw (0.31 and 0.20%) Phosphorus uptake in grain and straw (16.23 and 13.80 kg ha-1), Potassium content in grain and straw (0.42 and 1.38%), Potassium uptake in grain and straw (22.15 and 93.88 kg ha-1) respectively was reported in conventional tillage whereas in case of various fertility levels maximum nitrogen content in grain and straw (1.83 and 0.59%), Nitrogen uptake in grain and straw (100.31 and 35.06 kg ha-1). Phosphorus content in grain and straw (0.35 and 0.25%) Phosphorus uptake in grain and straw (18.16 and 16.63 kg ha-1) respectively, Potassium content in grain and straw (0.45 and 1.41%), Potassium uptake in grain and straw (24.97 and 101.03 kg ha-1) respectively with the application of 125% RDF+ tebunconzole.

Heavy metals in soil, finger millet and weeds due to nutrient management practices under a 43-year-old long term fertilizer experiment

Chemical fertilizers contain traces of heavy metals and long-term use of fertilizers in agriculture could lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil. Specific amounts of fertilizers and manure have been consistently applied for the past 43 years. Soil and plant samples were collected and quantified for heavy metals. The results revealed that the application of FYM and inorganic fertilizers led to a higher concentration of heavy metals in surface soil and decreased with soil depth. The application of 100% RDF resulted in higher concentrations of metals in samples of finger millet and all the heavy metals were below toxic limits. The PLI of heavy metals was found to have a value &lt;10, indicating that soils are less polluted. Cd and Pb had BCF values of &lt;1 for grain and straw, which indicates a lower concentration of metals in soil than those taken up by plants, while &gt;1 for As and Cr indicates a higher uptake in grain and straw than in soil.

Influenced Quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Abate the Environmental Pollution by Soil Applied with Foliar Fertilization of NPK Fertilizer in Saline Soil

A field experiment to assess different levels and methods of NPK fertilizer application on wheat crop was conducted on loamy sand soil at Instructional farm, College of Agriculture, Bikaner during rabi season of 2019-2020. The trial was laid out in split plot design and replicated three times. A total of 20 treatment combinations comprises A. Main plot : four RDF levels prior to sowing viz., F0 = Absolute control, F1= 50% RDF, F2= 75 % RDF and F2= 100 % RDF and B. Sub plot : five foliar fertilization levels of soluble NPK (1%) namely S0= no fertilization (control), S1= two spray (At 45and 60 DAS), S2= three foliar spray (At 45, 60 and 75 DAS), S3= four foliar spray (At 45, 60, 75 and 90 DAS). Basal application of 100% RDF with three foliar spray of soluble NPK (19:19:19) at 45, 60 and 75 DAS gave significantly higher average grain and straw yield and N, P, K content and uptake in grain and straw than other treatments, including control.

Can ethylenediurea (EDU) alter the effects of ozone on the source-sink regulation of nitrogen uptake and remobilization during grain filling period in rice?

Increased surface ozone (O3) pollution seriously threatens crop production, and ethylenediurea (EDU) can alleviate crop yield reduction caused by O3. However, the reason for the decrease in grain nitrogen (N) accumulation caused by O3 and whether EDU serves as N fertilizer remain unclear. An experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of factorial combinations of O3 enrichment (ambient air plus 60 ppb) and EDU (foliage spray with 450 ppm solutions) on N concentration, accumulation and remobilization in hybrid rice seedlings. Compared to ambient condition, elevated O3 significantly inhibited the N accumulation in vegetative organs during anthesis and grain N accumulation during the maturity stage. Elevated O3 significantly decreased the total N accumulation during anthesis and maturity stages, with a greater impact at the latter stage. The decrease in grain N accumulation caused by O3 was attributed to a decrease in N remobilization of vegetative organs during the grain filling period as well as to a decrease in post-anthesis N uptake. However, there was no significant change in the proportion of N remobilization and N uptake in grain N accumulation. The inhibitory effect of O3 on N remobilization in the upper canopy leaves was greater than that in the lower canopy leaves. In addition, elevated O3 increased the N accumulation of panicles at the anthesis stage, mainly by resulting in earlier heading of rice. EDU only increased N accumulation at the maturity stage, which was mainly attributed to an increase in rice biomass by EDU. EDU had no significant effect on N concentration, N remobilization process, and N harvest index. The findings are helpful to better understand the utilization of N fertilizer by rice under O3 pollution, and can also provide a theoretical basis for sustainable nutrient management to alleviate the negative impact of O3 on crop yield and quality.

Assessment of precise nutrient management through nutrient expert on productivity and profitability of zero-till maize

An experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2017 and 2018 at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to evaluate the effect of tillage and nutrient-management options on yield, nutrient uptake, residual soil-fertility status, and enzymatic activities in maize (Zea mays L.). The zero-tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha (ZT + R) and conventional tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha (CT + R) enhanced the grain yield (6.2–17.0%) of maize compared to CT without residue (4.40 t/ha). High cost of cultivation was recorded in CT + R (44.8 × 103 `/ha), while high net returns were found in ZT + R (37.6 × 103 `/ha). In ZT + R, the addition of wheat residue enhanced N, P, and K uptake in grain by 19.41, 12.81 and 13.92%, respectively over CT. Available N (182 kg/ha), available P (13.8 kg/ha), and exchangeable K (318 kg/ha) were found highest with ZT + R. Nutrient expert system (NES) enhanced the grain yield (5.30 t/ha) and net returns (43.0 × 103 `/ha) compared to no application of nutrients (control) (3.35 t/ha and 17.9 × 103 `/ha) and recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (4.70 t/ha and 34.8 × 103 `/ha). Higher activity of dehydrogenase (DHA) (25.9 TPF μg/g/h) and microbial biomass C (130 μg/g) were found with NES. An increase of 57.96–58.4% in N uptake was found with NES over RDF (80.0 kg/ha). The nutrient expert system (NES) and 125% of RDF left higher amount of residual N, P and K in soil than the control. Overall, nutrient expert system under zero-tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha can increase the productivity and profitability in maize.

Mid-season drain severity impacts on rice yields, greenhouse gas emissions and heavy metal uptake in grain: evidence from on-farm studies

Context or ProblemFlooded rice systems produce an important staple crop but are a source of methane (CH4) and arsenic (As) exposure. Introducing non-continuous flooding events can decrease seasonal CH4 emissions and grain As concentration. A single mid-season drain (MD: a 7-to 10-day soil drying period during the mid-season) is easier for farmers to manage than multiple drain events (e.g. alternate wetting and drying). Previous research has shown that a MD can accomplish these goals without yield reduction. However, depending on soils and precipitation, the soil drying severity during a MD can vary substantially. Objective or Research QuestionThe objectives of this study were to compare a MD to the farmer practice under on-farm conditions with respect to yields, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and As and cadmium (Cd – which can increase with non-continuous flooding). Second, to quantify the relationship between soil drying severity during the MD and the reduction in CH4 emissions and grain As. MethodsA three-year study with seven on-farm trials was implemented. Each trial had two treatments: a MD and the farmer practice. Grain yields, GHG emissions, and grain As and Cd concentrations were quantified for each treatment. ResultsGrain yields were similar between treatments. The MD decreased seasonal CH4 emissions by 20–77% (average of 52%), with the magnitude of reduction being related to soil-drying severity during the MD. Combining previous on-station data with this on-farm data, indicates that for every 1% reduction in soil gravimetric water content (GWC), seasonal CH4 emissions were reduced by 2.5% (r2 = 0.47). With MD, N2O emissions increased (average = 0.25 kg N2O-N ha−1), but accounted for only 3% of the global warming potential. The MD decreased grain As concentration (by 20% on average, but not related to soil drying severity), and there was no effect on grain Cd concentrations. ConclusionsGiven these results, an MD has similar GHG mitigation potential to other non-continuous flooding practices that require more drain periods and may be more difficult to implement. These results indicate that a MD is a viable on-farm management practice for GHG mitigation and reducing grain As concentration with limited risk of yield reduction. Implications or SignificanceThis is the first research that has documented the relationship between soil drying severity and reduction in CH4 emissions across soils. This relationship is a potentially useful tool for on-farm monitoring, but will need to be developed further across more locations.

Effect of Different Levels and Times of Nitrogen Application on Grain and Forage Quality of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. saccharata)

This field experiment conducted during the rabi season of 2017-18 at N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat, aimed to investigate the response of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) to different levels and times of nitrogen application under the south Gujarat conditions. The factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications was employed, considering four nitrogen levels (90 kg/ha, 120 kg/ha, 150 kg/ha, and 180 kg/ha) and four split application treatments (½ basal + ½ at knee height, ½ basal + ¼ knee height + ¼ tasseling, 1/3 basal + 1/3 knee height + 1/3 tasseling, and ¼ basal + ½ at knee height + ¼ tasseling). The results of the study demonstrated that the application of 180 kg/ha nitrogen significantly increased the protein content in grain and fodder (10.51% and 3.88% respectively) and total sugar content (14.96). Additionally, higher NPK uptake and available nitrogen (197.25 kg/ha) and phosphorus (47.53 kg/ha) levels were observed with a 180 kg/ha nitrogen application rate. When nitrogen was applied in three splits, specifically at ¼ basal + ½ at knee height + ¼ tasseling, it resulted in significantly higher protein content in grain and fodder (9.89% and 3.54% respectively), total sugar content (13.65), as well as NPK uptake in grain and fodder and available nitrogen and phosphorus (189.95 kg/ha and 45.84 kg/ha). These findings highlight the importance of nitrogen management in sweet corn cultivation to enhance the nutritional quality and productivity of both grain and fodder. Implementing the optimal nitrogen levels (180 kg/ha) and split application timings (¼ basal + ½ at knee height + ¼ tasseling) can contribute to achieving desirable protein and sugar content, as well as improving NPK uptake and availability of nitrogen and phosphorus.

Varietal Effect of Different Nitrogen Levels on Yield Attributing Characters and Quality Parameters of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop

The field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research FaTArm, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj) Faizabad (U.P.), during Rabi season of 2014-2015. The yield components like number of spikes m-2, spike length (cm), number of grain spike-1, grain weight spike-1(g), grain yield (kg ha-1), straw yield (q ha-1) and nitrogen contain in grain (%), nitrogen contain in straw (%), nitrogen uptake in grain (kg ha-1), nitrogen uptake in straw, protein content in grain (%) were maximum under 160 kg N ha-1 and among the varieties over PBW-373, NW-1014 being at par with HD-2327. The main aim of trial conducted that to know the different varietal parameters of wheat crop.

English

Global warming stimulates soil salinization and calcification, resulting in phosphorus (P) deficiency in arid and semiarid regions worldwide. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can enhance phosphorus availability, but their role has been less explored under arid and semiarid climatic conditions. A two-year consecutive field experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of PSB loading onto seeds, organic, and mineral fertilizers. The trial followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications for each treatment. There were five treatments: T1 was the uninoculated control with no fertilizer (Control), T2 was uninoculated with recommended NPK (NPK), T3 was PSB-inoculated wheat seeds (PSB-Seed), T4 was PSB-inoculated organic fertilizer (PSB-OF), and T5 was PSB-inoculated mineral fertilizer (PSB-MF). Results revealed that inoculation with PSB onto seeds, organic, or mineral fertilizer had a more pronounced impact not only on the vegetative development and yield of wheat but also on P contents in grains. It was observed that the PSB-inoculated mineral fertilizer treatment responded well, showing noticeable wheat biomass accumulation, grain yield, and improved P uptake in grain and straw. Interestingly, the highest uptake of nitrogen (N) in wheat grain was observed with both PSB-inoculated organic fertilizer treatment and PSB-inoculated mineral fertilizer treatment, highlighting the efficacy of slow-release nitrogen from organic fertilizer in addition to the impact of PSB. In conclusion, PSB inoculation on organic or mineral fertilizer has substantial potential in enhancing crop productivity and combating P deficiency in arid and semi-arid regions.

Determination of Economic Nitrogen Rate for Transplanted Aus Rice Varieties of Bangladesh

A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy field, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Dhaka, from April to September 2019 to determine the economic nitrogen rates for popular transplanted Aus varieties. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with two factors. Factor A: three varieties as- BR26, BRRI dhan48, and BRRI dhan82; and Factor B: five levels of nitrogen rates as- 0, 40, 60, 80, 100 kg ha−1. The experimental data show the individual effect of variety and nitrogen (N) rate was significant in the case of N concentration, N uptake in grain and straw, and nitrogen harvest index (NHI). Overall, increasing N rate increases grain and straw's concentration irrespective of varieties. But higher N concentration and uptake were observed in the N rate of N60-N100 kg ha−1 in all varieties. Among the varieties, BRRI dhan82 observed higher N uptake (61.23 kg ha−1) in grain. Higher total N uptake was also observed in BRRI dhan48 at 80 kg N ha−1. NHI ranged from 55 to 72 % in different N levels, indicating 55 to 72% of the absorbed N translocated to the grains, and 45% to 32% remained in the dry matter within varieties. The estimated economic nitrogen dose for maximum yield was determined by regression analysis, and found that N rates of BR26, BRRI dhan48, and BRRI dhan82 were 97, 95, and 55 kg ha−1, respectively. The findings of this study indicated that the response of different N rates on three Aus varieties was linear up to 80 kg N ha−1 might be owing to better N uptake that made yield increase after that decreasing.&#x0D; Bangladesh Agron. J. 2023, 26(1): 84-95

Yield, nitrogen, and phosphorus uptake, and biological nitrogen fixation in chickpea–flax intercropping systems in southern Saskatchewan

The interest in growing pulse crops and oilseeds together as intercrop combinations is increasing. However, little is known about nutrient dynamics in pulse–oilseed intercropping systems in western Canada, particularly the contributions from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Kabuli chickpea and brown flax were grown without added fertilizer as monocrops and as intercrops in mixed and alternate seed row configurations at sites located in the Brown (Central Butte, SK) and Black (Redvers, SK) soil zones in 2019 and 2020. Comparison was made of grain and straw yields, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake of grain and straw, and proportion and amount of biologically fixed N contributed from the chickpea and transferred to the flax. The intercrop grain yield land equivalent ratio (LER) and N and P uptake LER values were at or above 1 for the four site-years, indicating benefit from intercropping in increasing total yield and crop N and P uptake from the land area. The proportion of N derived from BNF was not enhanced in this intercrop combination, but considerable biologically fixed N (8%–22%) was transferred from the chickpea to the flax during the growing season. This was associated with reduced depletion of soil N compared to monocrop flax in part due to the contribution of biologically fixed N in the chickpea–flax intercrop system.