Upstream Sector Research Articles

Analysis of investment and international trade on the Gross Domestic Product of the fisheries sector in Indonesia: evidence from the Panel Vector Autoregressive (P-VAR) Model

The aim of this study is to identify the dynamics of Gross Domestic Product growth in the Indonesian fisheries and marine sector. This is important to study considering that Indonesia is a country that has abundant marine wealth but faces several challenges such as production quality, investment growth, global uncertainty, and the international trade cycle. Thus, this study considers several variables, namely the GDP of the fisheries and marine sector, domestic investment, foreign direct investment, imports and exports of the fishery sector, and the volume of production in the fisheries sector. The research method used is a panel vector autoregression (P-VAR) model involving impulse response functions and variance decomposition tests. The results of the P-VAR estimation suggest that the variables that have a significant impact on the GDP of the Indonesian fishery sector are the GDP of the fishery sector itself, domestic investment, foreign direct investment, exports of the fishery sector, and the volume of production in the fishery sector. The results of the study indicate the need for implementing policies that are in accordance with the dynamics of the marine economy through coordination of all upstream and downstream sectors; developing and advancing the industrialization of fishery products; fulfilling international product standards; increasing the quantity and quality of environmentally friendly production; improving fishermen’s welfare; and implementing related policies in international trade.

The Igarapé Weir decelerated transport of contaminated sediment in the Paraopeba River after the failure of the B1 tailings dam (Brumadinho)

The B1 dam of Córrego do Feijão Mine, owned by Vale, S.A. mining company and located on the Ferro-Carvão stream, collapsed and injected 2.8 Mm3 of clayey, silty, and sandy iron- and manganese-rich tailings into the Paraopeba River (Minas Gerais state, Brazil). The accident occurred on 25 January 2019 and the tailings have been co-transported with coarser natural sediment since then, being partly trapped in the Igarapé Weir reservoir located on the Paraopeba River nearly 45 km downstream the injection point. The general purpose of the current study was to model suspended sediment transport in the vicinity of the Igarapé Weir aiming to assess the concomitant barrier effect imposed by this structure. Specifically, the spatial distributions of suspended clay, silt, and very fine-grained sand fractions (CSS) of sediment were mapped around the Igarapé Weir under low-flow (16 m3/s) and high-flow (5 to 10,000 years return period stream discharge; 699–2,699 m3/s) regimes, using RiverFlow2D as the modelling tool. The concentrations of the various grain materials in the upstream and downstream sectors were quantified linking the barrier effect to concentration reductions in the direction of stream flow. It was also a study goal to calculate differences of iron and manganese concentrations in the sediment + tailings mixtures along the Paraopeba River. The study results showed reductions in the CSS between 6.6% and 18%, from upstream to downstream of the Igarapé Weir, related with backwater effects, free and submerged hydraulic jumps, bank sedimentation in periods of high flow, and streambed sedimentation controlled by channel sinuosity and tailings density. These reductions were accompanied by drops in the concentrations of iron and manganese present in the clay and silt fractions, which varied between 6% and 42% under low flows and between 16% and 44% under high flows. Bank sedimentation was viewed as a potential threat to the riparian vegetation in the long-term. Dredging is the potentially most effective mitigation measure to help lead the Paraopeba River to a pre-rupture condition. The retention of sediment + tailings transported in suspension is less effective than the trapping of bedload sediment + tailings behind the Igarapé weir. The efficacy of sediment trapping is expected to be larger for natural sediment because it is much coarser than the tailings. In that context, the simulations revealed for the low-flow period that 33.6% of the sediment deposition comprised suspended transport of natural sediment (thus, was comprised 66.4% of bedload transport), this proportion rose to 86.9% for mixtures of natural sediment + tailings, a result that did not differ much for the high-flow periods.

Moving up the global value chain: Effects of water pollution control regulations in China

AbstractThis paper investigates the impacts of stringent environmental regulation of firm‐level upstreamness in the global value chains (GVCs). Specifically, we use the non‐uniform promulgation of local water pollution control regulations across cities and over time after the 11th Five‐Year Plan as a quasi‐natural experiment in China, in which firms are forced to adopt cleaner technologies or equipment to reduce pollution after enforcing tighter environmental standards. Using highly disaggregated firm‐level data between 2008 and 2014, we find that firms in cities with stricter water pollution regulations tend to move to more upstream sectors in the GVCs. We find that this effect is more prominent for low‐productivity firms, high‐polluting firms, and firms with a high dependence on water in production. This paper sheds new light on the GVC upgrading of firms in response to environmental regulation changes.

External analysis of local content dynamics in the upstream petroleum sector of Ghana and Ivory Coast

Ghana and Ivory Coast have an emerging oil and gas industry. Both countries aspire to strengthen the local oil and gas industry, maximize profit from exploration and production activities, as well as develop a strong local mastery of technology and skills. To achieve this, local content regulations have been developed and implemented in these countries. This study employs macroenvironmental and industry analysis to analyze growth strategies for indigenous companies. These growth strategies are relevant for indigenous oil companies to penetrate the upstream petroleum sector in Ghana and Ivory Coast. Business frameworks such as PESTEL, Porter's Forces and Strategic Group Analysis helped highlight the existence of a relatively favorable business environment for the oil and gas industry to thrive in both nations. A survey was conducted among oil industry stakeholders in Ghana and Ivory Coast. The findings indicate, that in spite of local content requirements in both countries, the upstream sector remains largely dominated by international companies.

How transnational rules can contribute to the improvement of the Brazilian regulatory system for unitization—an analysis under the transnational legal order perspective

Abstract Unitization is the most effective method to avoid irrational, wasteful and environmentally unsustainable production of oil and natural gas. Therefore, it is important to notice that unitization is a complex practice. It is effective for the equitable production division of a deposit shared by different owners. However, compulsory membership can result in costly negotiation and make exploration and production projects less attractive. In the pre-salt, the most productive Brazilian oil province, unitization processes are common and even more complex due to the following factors: (i) there are three different tax regimes in the pre-salt polygon; (ii) when the reservoir is shared with an area not granted yet (referred to as an open area), the Brazilian regulation establishes that the unitization process must be carried out with the public company, Pré-sal Petróleo S.A., representing the Government; (iii) moreover, due to the high productivity of the pre-salt layer, the financial values involved in this process are substantial, even with a participation of less than 1 per cent in the shared reservoir. Brazil established a robust regulation on unitization in 2013, which was amended in 2017 and, again, in 2020. This demonstrates that the regulatory improvement process, in the search for a more efficient regulation—that balances the attraction of investments and protection of the public interest—is continuous. This article proposes that in this process of regulatory improvement, good international petroleum industry practices (good practices), contractual models drawn up by industry associations and codes of conduct shall be used as a reference. These non-state rules, which are the result of self-regulation by the upstream sector of the oil industry, will be considered in this article as transnational rules, following the approach of Halliday and Shaffer, who propose the existence of a transnational legal order.

Deregulation as a source of China’s economic growth

AbstractWe develop a simple two-sector neoclassical growth model in which the upstream sector produces intermediate goods, and the downstream sector produces final goods with outputs from the upstream. While the downstream sector features perfect competition, firms in the upstream sector engage in Cournot competition and charge a markup. We show that the deregulation and the introduction of competition in the upstream goods sector not only increases the productivity in the sector but also has a substantial spillover effect on the productivity of the downstream sector and factor prices. We calibrate the model to the Chinese economy and use the calibrated model to quantitatively evaluate the extent to which the deregulation in the upstream market in China from 1998 to 2006 can account for the rapid economic growth and the high and rising returns to capital in China over the same period. Our quantitative experiments show that the deregulation in the upstream sector can account for a significant share of economic growth in China during the study period. In addition, our model delivers implications that are consistent with several other relevant observations in China during the same period.

Direct measurement of methane emissions from the upstream oil and gas sector: Review of measurement results and technology advances (2018–2022)

The increasing methane emissions from the upstream oil and gas sector deviates from the goals of the Paris Agreement on sustainable development and climate control. This paper reviews recent direct measurement results and technological advances in the upstream oil and gas sector, based on more than 100 sources published between 2018 and 2022. No consensus was found on the correlation between methane emissions and well data items such as production volume and well age. Aircraft surveys were the most frequently used technology during the study period. Developed countries lead in direct measurement, with only 12.5% of studies conducted in developing countries. The sensing method and the performance of sensor carriers lead to different characterisations of direct measurement techniques. Growing upstream methane emissions accelerate global warming and pose risks to groundwater. Mitigating super-emitters and reported venting and flares could reduce total methane emissions by 20% and 25%, respectively. China, the world's largest methane emitter, emitted approximately 2135 kt methane from its upstream oil and gas sector, mainly through venting (80%). Direct methane measurements and the strength of government management could assist China in prioritising carbon emission reduction and filling the legislative gap.

ELASTISITAS EKSPOR NIKEL TERHADAP IPM, DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN, DAN TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DI KABUPATEN LUWU TIMUR

The area of ??East Luwu Regency is an area with great potential in terms of natural resources and is where a local and multi-national company operates in the mining sector. The linkage of the mining sector must be improved in order to be able to attract upstream sectors (sectors that have backward linkages). The stronger the relationship between the mining sector and other main sectors such as building/construction, the greater its influence on the development of the East Luwu Regency. The purpose of this study was to analyze the elasticity of nickel exports to HDI, income distribution, and poverty levels. The type of data used is qualitative and quantitative and the source of data is secondary data using time series data for 11 years. Methods of data collection by using the method of observation and non-participant. The analytical technique used in this research is descriptive analysis and distribution lag model. The results of this study are (1) the elasticity of demand for nickel exports to the health index and education index in East Luwu district is inelastic (2) the elasticity of demand for nickel exports to per capita GRDP and the Gini Ratio in East Luwu district is inelastic (3) the elasticity of demand for nickel exports to Severity Index, Depth Index and Poverty Percentage in East Luwu Regency are Inelastic.

Can Australia create ‘super’ basins?

The world’s need for sustainable energy requires the upstream industry to utilise and deliver renewables and carbon capture and storage (CCS) at scale. To do that we must focus on where the synergies with low-carbon technologies are greatest. We define these as the energy ‘super basins’ of the future – where large hydrocarbon resources are co-located with plentiful clean electricity and CCS potential. These basins provide a viable pathway for industry to become sustainable. Basins without these attributes are disadvantaged, and face being left behind. This paper will focus on where Australian basins sit on this scale – which are the most advantaged through to disadvantaged? Which have the most viable renewables and CCS/CCUS (carbon capture, utilisation and storage) potential? Advantage also depends on cost – renewable energy must be abundant and affordable. In Australia today, upstream resources are plentiful but advantaged resources are not. But that perspective is not fixed, and there is much industry can do to strengthen its outlook. The average upstream emissions intensity of Australian projects is significantly above the global average – due to remote locations, high energy intensity and contaminants. Using renewables and CCUS to cut emissions is a logical step. Government policy, new technologies and exploration can also make a difference. But what of smaller basins without scale? Can Australian operators create ‘boutique’ basins with niche advantages – such as copious wind or solar power – that enable them to extend their longevity? Making Australia’s upstream sector resilient and sustainable is a huge challenge and will require ambitious, innovative basin-level thinking.

Intelligent, comprehensive analytical model and optimization method for well type/ trajectory and pad deployment during cluster drilling

Cluster well is a new concept of well pad development which still requires further scrutiny. The concept has the potential to significantly improve the economic efficiency of well pad drilling, one of the most capital-intensive processes in the upstream sector of the petroleum industry. During cluster drilling, pad deployment planning is considered independent of well type/well trajectory design. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the optimal configuration of cluster drilling without considering the impact of pad deployment on well type optimization and trajectory optimization for different well types and vice versa. This paper proposes a numerical model for intelligent and comprehensive optimization of well type/trajectory and pad deployment during cluster drilling, which can automatically optimize the location, scale, and the number of pads, well type, and well trajectory. The decision-making goal was to minimize costs by optimizing pad location using the K-means dynamic clustering algorithm and simultaneously dividing well-targeted cells into different pads. Additionally, well type was optimized by calculating the ratio of horizontal distance to vertical depth between the pad and target affiliated with the pad, and well trajectory was optimized by the parameters, such as the maximum deviation angle, etc., of each well. Then, the total cost of the whole block was estimated from the sum of the unit well depth costs of different well types and the construction cost of each pad, and finally, the number of pads was optimized. Finally, the model was demonstrated through case studies examining the cost of cluster drilling in tight reservoirs in the Jiyang sag of the Bohai Bay Basin, China.

Institutional Framework and Capacities in Enhancing Local Content in Natural Gas Value Chain in Tanzania: Key Actors’ Perceptions

This paper investigated the institutional framework and capacities in enhancing local content in the natural gas value chain in Tanzania. It aimed to assess the regulatory framework, institutional preparedness, and readiness to facilitate the enhancement of local content in the natural gas value chain in Tanzania. The study established key actors’ perceptions about local content policy (policy statements, requirements, metrics; institutional/organizational structure). An exploratory relative research strategy was utilized by using a qualitative approach. The study uses documentation, archive records, and interviews to collect data. In total 60 interviews with respondents were conducted using the purposive sampling technique from the key stakeholders in the oil and gas sector in Tanzania. The study provides knowledge to all stakeholders in the upstream sector of oil and gas in Tanzania, which they can use as a guide to enhancing local content in Tanzania. The findings from this research show that the institutional framework and regulations have not yet made critical progress in enhancing local content in the natural gas value chain in Tanzania. Specifically, issues such as poor participation and contribution of the stakeholders in making the regulations and policies, political intervention, corruption, experience, and poor infrastructures hinder the capacities of the institutional framework and regulations in enhancing local content in the natural gas value chain in Tanzania. The study recommends government and the responsible institution must develop a public-private dialogue forum as a vehicle to build trusted relationships and close collaboration, and use this to jointly discuss key sector-wide development issues which will empower our regulatory framework for enhancing local content policy and proper implementation and framework development in promoting of the local content policy in Tanzania

Navigating the Energy Trilemma: Oil and Gas Industry Making Strides

_ Energy is vital to human flourishing. Since the dawn of time, humans have sought to find more efficient ways to power and propel their lives forward. With each generation, we’ve made progress in unlocking energy density—moving from burning wood for warmth inside caves thousands of years ago through our current age, where a revolution in modern energy is transpiring. However, recent global events have certainly tested the upstream oil and gas sector’s “can-do” attitude and spirit of innovation. In the 3 years since West Texas Intermediate Crude (WTI) futures dipped below zero—dropping more than 300%—to settle at negative $37.63/bbl, there has been a global COVID-19 pandemic and recovery, supply chain and logistical challenges, and a war. The oil and gas industry is more adept at riding the market volatility wave than in the past. WTI futures climbed out of the negative, reaching as high as $123.70/bbl on 8 March 2022, as the pandemic began to ease, and the lockdown ended in many regions worldwide. Geopolitical tension with Russia and its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in the first half of 2022 contributed to the crude oil price increases. Also contributing to higher pricing in the first half were concerns over supply levels. The Russian invasion of Ukraine came during eight consecutive quarters of crude oil level decreases, according to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). In the year since, the price has dropped but not nearly as profoundly, with recent prices ping-ponging in the mid-$60 to mid-$80/bbl range. The EIA cited as reasons for the lower price concerns over a possible economic recession and China’s severe COVID-19 containment measures as keeping global demand lower. The Russian invasion of Ukraine turned global markets upside down. The International Energy Agency (IEA) cited it as the trigger of a worldwide energy crisis that “has the potential to hasten the transition to a more sustainable and secure energy system,” in its World Energy Outlook 2022. “Energy markets and policies have changed as a result of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, not just for the time being, but for decades to come,” said IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol at the time of the outlook’s release. “Even with today’s policy settings, the energy world is shifting dramatically before our eyes.” Transition and Trilemma The energy transition changes how the world views and uses oil and gas. While it is not the first energy transition the world has faced, it is proving to be the most significant and complicated. “It is needed if we are to prevent the 1.5°C increase in temperature,” Kjetil Hove, the executive vice president of development and production in Norway for Equinor, said during his keynote address at the SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition held in Stavanger on 7 March. “The future carbon intensity of the energy mix needs to be reduced significantly. Last year’s energy crisis and the war in the middle of Europe showed that the energy transition needs to be done wisely and that it addresses the energy trilemma,” he said.

Analisis Sektor Ekonomi Potensial Pendorong Kemajuan Ekonomi Sumatera

Even though inter-island trade is important and Sumatra is Indonesia's second largest economy, Sumatra imports more from other islands in Indonesia than exports. This research will be carried out descriptively to determine the trade structure of the island of Sumatra with other islands in Indonesia and potential sector purchases in downstream. This study uses secondary data published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The secondary data used is the input-output data table between Indonesian regions, domestic transactions based on producer prices according to 6 island groups and 17 business fields in 2016. The results of this study indicate that trade between Sumatra and other islands suffers a slight loss because there are more imports from other islands. compared to export output by Sumatra. The use of output from the island of Sumatra is almost balanced between final demand and intermediate demand. The majority of Sumatra's output circulates in the Sumatra region only. Sumatra trade interaction is dominant with the island of Java. From a sector perspective, the majority of Sumatra's exports come from the manufacturing sector as well as the sector with the largest output value. Even though it has the largest output value, this sector is the most powerful in driving progress in the upstream sector. As for downstream, the Electricity and Gas Procurement sector has the greatest potential in terms of impacting progress on the downstream sector. Keywords : Economic Sector, IRIO, Inter-Island Trade.

Creating measurement-based oil and gas sector methane inventories using source-resolved aerial surveys

Critical mitigation of methane emissions from the oil and gas (OG) sector is hampered by inaccurate official inventories and limited understanding of contributing sources. Here we present a framework for incorporating aerial measurements into comprehensive OG sector methane inventories that achieves robust, independent quantification of measurement and sample size uncertainties, while providing timely source-level insights. This hybrid inventory combines top-down, source-resolved, multi-pass aerial measurements with bottom-up estimates of unmeasured sources leveraging continuous probability of detection and quantification models for a chosen aerial technology. Notably, the technique explicitly considers skewed source distributions and finite facility populations that have not been previously addressed. The protocol is demonstrated to produce a comprehensive upstream OG sector methane inventory for British Columbia, Canada, which while approximately 1.7 times higher than the most recent official bottom-up inventory, reveals a lower methane intensity of produced natural gas (<0.5%) than comparable estimates for several other regions. Finally, the method and data are used to upper bound the potential influence of source variability/intermittency, directly addressing an open question in the literature. Results demonstrate that even for an extreme case, variability/intermittency effects can be addressed by sample size and survey design and have a minor impact on overall inventory uncertainty.

Sellers’ inflation, profits and conflict: why can large firms hike prices in an emergency?

The dominant view of inflation holds that it is macroeconomic in origin and must always be tackled with macroeconomic tightening. In contrast, we argue that the US COVID-19 inflation is predominantly a sellers’ inflation that derives from microeconomic origins, namely the ability of firms with market power to hike prices. Such firms are price makers, but they only engage in price hikes if they expect their competitors to do the same. This requires an implicit agreement which can be coordinated by sector-wide cost shocks and supply bottlenecks. We review the long-standing literature on price-setting in concentrated markets and survey earnings calls and compile firm-level data to derive a three-stage heuristic of the inflationary process: (1) Rising prices in systemically significant upstream sectors due to commodity market dynamics or bottlenecks create windfall profits and provide an impulse for further price hikes. (2) To protect profit margins from rising costs, downstream sectors propagate, or in cases of temporary monopolies due to bottlenecks, amplify price pressures. (3) Labor responds by trying to fend off real wage declines in the conflict stage. We argue that such sellers’ inflation generates a general price rise which may be transitory, but can also lead to self-sustaining inflationary spirals under certain conditions. Policy should aim to contain price hikes at the impulse stage to prevent inflation from the onset.

Developing The Coffee Production In Ciamis, Indonesia

&lt;em&gt;Ciamis Regency is a coffee-producing area in West Java. Most of the coffee beans in Ciamis Regency are distributed outside the regency and are not utilized by local Coffee SMEs which are already widely spread in Ciamis Regency. This is because the quality of the coffee produced has not been able to meet the expectations of the coffee market. In addition, there is no appropriate coffee development strategy according to the conditions faced in Ciamis Regency. This study aims to formulate the appropriate development strategy according to the conditions faced. This study used a sample of key informants consisting of 30 coffee farmers, the head of the agriculture department and the head of the plantation and horticulture sector, the owner of The History Coffee coffee shop and the owner of The Ki Oyo coffee processing company. SWOT analysis is used to formulate a coffee development strategy using valid and reliable internal and external factors, while the QSPM matrix is used to rank the strategic priorities. The results show that the prioritized sequence of strategies is in the form of strategies that optimize the upstream sector first (production sector) before optimizing the downstream sector (supporting and market sector).&lt;/em&gt;

POTENTIAL LEADING SECTOR TO DRIVE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN WEST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE

West Nusa Tenggara Province (NTB) has a small economy with a concentration of output to meet needs within its region and has a small proportion of trade outside the NTB region. Leading sectors are needed for faster economic growth. This study aims to describe how the structure of trade and the leading sectors drive economic growth. This research uses the descriptive quantitative method by utilizing interregional input and output data. The results indicate that the output trade structure is mostly traded within the NTB area and the majority is used for final demand. The sector with the largest output value in NTB is still the agricultural sector. However, based on sectoral linkages, the Electricity and Gas Procurement sector has the greatest capacity to encourage the progress of its upstream and downstream sectors. This means that the sector has the potential as a leading sector with the highest economic multiplier and should this sector be encouraged and continued to be spurred to boost economic growth.

Coordination of sectoral climate policies and life cycle emissions

Drastically reducing greenhouse gas emissions involves numerous specific actions in each sector of the economy. The costs and abatement potential of these measures are interdependent because of sectoral linkages. For instance, the carbon footprint of electric vehicles depends on the electricity mix. This issue has received large attention in the literature on Life Cycle Assessments (LCA). This paper analyzes how life cycle considerations should be integrated into policy design. We model a partial equilibrium with two vertically connected sectors, an upstream (e.g. electricity) and a downstream (e.g. transportation) one. In each sector, a dirty and a clean technology are available. The clean downstream technology consumes the upstream good and may thus shift emissions to the upstream sector. Our main contribution is to detail how optimal subsidies on clean technologies should incorporate life cycle emissions when carbon pricing is limited. The optimal downstream subsidy should be corrected for all external costs generated in the upstream sector, not only unpriced pollution but also the fiscal externality due to the subsidy to the clean upstream technology. We also analyze the joint optimization of upstream and downstream policies. The upstream subsidy should not incorporate features of the downstream sector, whereas the downstream optimal subsidy depends upon the upstream sector characteristics. All results are illustrated using a calibrated example of the electrification of passenger cars.

Dynamic contribution and structural changes of carbon emissions in China's energy chemical industry with high-emission subsectors heterogeneity.

China's energy chemical industry accounts for about 12.01% of the national carbon emissions, while the heterogeneous carbon emission characteristics exhibited by the subsectors have not been reliably investigated. Based on the energy consumption data of the energy chemical industry subsectors in 30 Chinese provinces from 2006 to 2019, this study systematically identified the carbon emission contributions of high-emission subsectors, examined the evolutionary changes and correlation characteristics of carbon emissions from different perspectives, and further explored the carbon emission drivers. According to the survey, coal mining and washing (CMW) and petroleum processing, coking, and nuclear fuel processing (PCN) were high-emission sectors of the energy chemical industry, with annual emissions of more than 150 million tons, accounting for about 72.98% of the energy chemical industry. In addition, the number of high-emission areas in China's energy chemical industries has gradually increased, and the spatial disequilibrium of carbon emissions in industrial sectors has gradually deepened. The development of upstream industries had a strong correlation with carbon emissions, and the upstream industry sector still has not achieved carbon decoupling. The decomposition of the driving effects of carbon emissions showed that the economic output effect is the largest contributor to the growth of carbon emissions in the energy chemical industry, while energy restructuring and energy intensity reduction help reduce carbon emissions, but there is heterogeneity in the driving effects of subsectors.

IDENTIFIKASI POLA KEMITRAAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN AGRIBISNIS KAKAO

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cocoa development in East Luwu Regency has prospects based on the potential for production and marketing of cocoa beans. However, there are problems including productivity and low cocoa prices. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to develop cocoa agribusiness through a partnership pattern. The purpose of this study was to identify partnership patterns in cocoa agribusiness development and to determine the level of satisfaction of farmers who partnered with PT. Mars Symbioscience Indonesia. The research method is in the form of direct observation and interviews with the parties involved in the implementation of the partnership pattern, then the data is analyzed using descriptive and analysis of the level of conformity through the level of importance and level of satisfaction. The results showed that the partnership pattern in cocoa agribusiness development in East Luwu Regency was included in the plasma core pattern category, as the nucleus was PT. Mars Symbioscience Indonesia provides capital assistance, training, and training as well as marketing of the harvest, while as a plasma, cocoa farmers produce cocoa commodities. The partnership pattern activities include the upstream sector providing and providing some agricultural equipment assistance, providing seeds and experimental gardens to farmers, the farming sector providing guidance in cocoa cultivation and improving the quality of cocoa beans through harvest and post-harvest counseling and the downstream sector developing direct purchasing patterns to farmers. cocoa farmer. In addition, the level of conformity obtained from the questionnaire on the level of importance and the level of satisfaction of the partnership pattern in cocoa agribusiness development shows an average value of &amp;gt;100%, namely 104.78% in the very satisfied category.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;