Objective: Degradation of the glycocalyx (GC), the innermost layer protecting the vascular endothelium, and up-regulation of adhesion molecules is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction, while aortic stiffness is related to early structural vascular changes and decline in renal function. However, few studies have investigated vascular biomarkers in relation to central and peripheral hemodynamics, and renal function in hypertension. Design and method: 107 patients (58 ± 13 years) with hypertension (mean 149/87 mmHg; 31% on antihypertensive treatment) and a wide range of renal function (eGFR 130 to 21 ml/min x 1.73 m2, mean 74 ml/min), were investigated. Indices of aortic stiffness were central systolic blood pressure (cSBP), central pulse pressure (cPP), carotid/brachial pulse pressure ratio (cPP/brPP), augmentation index (AIx), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and aortic-brachial PWV ratio, assessed by applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor, AtCor Medical). Endothelial function was studied by forearm post-ischemic flow mediated vasodilatation. The GC glycoproteins hyaluronan (HA) and syndecan-1 (Syn-1), and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin), were analysed with ELISA. Results: Median[range] HA, Syn-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin were 15 [11–20], 38[27–54], 302[264–345], 347[304–408], and 32[26–41] ng/mL, respectively. HA was related to cPP (r = 0.31; P = 0.002), cPP/brPP (r = 0.21; P = 0.002), AIx (r = 0.21; P = 0.034), PWV (r = 0.31; P = 0.003), and aortic-brachial PWV ratio (r = 0.27; P = 0.011). Syn-1 was inversely related to cSBP (r = –0.17; P = 0.043). E-selectin tended to be inversely related to cSBP (p = 0.10) and to cPP (p = 0.071). HA and VCAM-1 were inversely related to eGFR (r = –0.45 and r = –0.43; both P < 0.001). All vascular biomarkers were unrelated to flow-mediated vasodilation. Conclusions: Vascular biomarkers were associated with indices of aortic stiffness, and impaired renal function, but was unrelated to peripheral endothelial function. HA showed association with increased stiffness, compared to Syn-1 that was unrelated to stiffness, and both HA and VCAM-1 were inversely related to renal function, where elevation of HA and VCAM-1 may reflect endothelial dysfunction of the kidneys. Thus, our results suggest that functional vascular biomarkers may relate to early structural and functional vascular changes in uncomplicated hypertension with impaired renal function.