Currently, there is quite a lot of available information on the participation of cytokines in the pathogenesis of diseases of nose and paranasal sinuses and tonsil lymphoid ring. The rate and specificity of the reaction of cytokine profile on various external exposures let us use them as an inflammation marker and an indicator of the efficacy of various treatment methods. The study of cytokine profile provides information on the severity of the inflammatory process, its transition to the system level and prognosis, which is important to consider in personalized treatment prescription. The article provides analysis of results of original researches on this subject. It is shown that the study of the role of cytokines in the inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract determines the prospects of the cytokine/anti-cytokine therapy. The authors give coverage to the experience of application of some cytokine-blocking preparations and recombinant cytokines in the treatment of diseases of nose, paranasal sinuses and tonsil lymphoid ring. It can be concluded that the further study of the issue will provide solution of a number of problems related to diagnostics and treatment of the upper respiratory tract diseases.