Upper-left Corner Research Articles

Cattle face recognition under partial occlusion

The occlusion in the real feedlot environment is ubiquitous, and the current research based on the cattle face recognition under occlusion conditions is almost non-existent. Thus, an attention mechanism module with high accuracy and low model complexity is designed to incorporate into MobileNet so that the cattle face under occlusion can be identify accurately, which is the RGB images captured in the ranch environment. In this paper, we also construct a Simmental cattle face image dataset for data modeling and method evaluation, which contains 10,239 images of 103 cattle. The experimental results show that when the occluder is in the upper left and lower right corner, if the occlusion rate is less than 30%, the value of Top_1 reaches more than 90%; if it is less than 50%, the value of Top_1 is more than 80%. Even if the middle part occludes lots of important information, the occlusion rate of 40% has an accuracy of more than 80%. Furthermore, comparing the proposal model with MobileNet, the parameter and model size are equal, and the amount of calculation as a cost increase a little. Therefore, the proposal model is suitable to transplant to the embedded system in the future.

Numerical Simulation Research on the Pressure Relief and Permeability Enhancement Mechanism of Large-Diameter Borehole in Coal Seam

In order to achieve high-efficiency extraction of coal seams with large-diameter borehole and large flow rates, and to rapidly reduce coal seam gas content and pressure, a large-diameter borehole coal seam pressure relief and permeability enhancement technology is proposed. In this paper, numerical simulation is used to study the mechanism of pressure relief and permeability enhancement in coal seams with large-diameter boreholes, and the evolution of stress, cracks, gas, and permeability of coal bodies around boreholes with different diameters is discussed. The research results show that the stress changes in the coal body around the borehole are symmetrically distributed around the borehole. The stress evolution controls the evolution of the coal body’s cracks. Firstly, damage occurs around the borehole and then extends to the upper left and right corners, like a butterfly spreading its wings. The crushing zone increases with the increase of the hole diameter, and the impact radius of the 100-mm, 200-mm, 300-mm, and 350-mm diameter borehole rupture is 0.375 m, 0.65 m, 1.0 m, and 1.25 m, respectively. The rupture radius of the double 350-mm diameter borehole can reach 2.4 m. The larger the diameter of the borehole, the more fissures will be produced, and the air permeability of the coal body in the affected coal seam area will obviously increase. The research results provide theoretical support for gas drainage in soft, low-permeability, high-gas coal seams.

An efficient multiple scanning order algorithm for accumulative least-cost surface calculation

The least-cost surface (LCS) calculation is a compute-intensive problem conventionally solved by the queue-based Dijkstra’s algorithm. Alternative raster-based scanning algorithms have also been proposed which use a moving window to scan the whole study area iteratively. Here we propose improvements to the raster-based algorithms. The main improvement is to implement multiple scanning orders (MSO) to replace the conventional single scanning order (SSO, typically from upper-left corner to lower-right corner, row by row). We compared the performance of different algorithms over different cost surfaces and with different numbers of source points. The comparison shows that a raster-based algorithm adopting MSO has a substantially better performance than a conventional raster-based algorithm using SSO. An MSO raster-based algorithm is generally comparable to the queue-based Dijkstra’s algorithm, and surpasses the latter over a relatively simple cost surface (e.g. in which the cost is resampled) and/or when the number of source points is relatively large. Our empirical experiments suggest that MSO reduces the time complexity from to to Additionally, we found that the MSO raster-based algorithm can be easily parallelized using shared-memory parallel programming.

Method for marking radiographs

For marking survey radiographs when conducting research on X-ray diagnostic devices RUM-20, it is proposed to strengthen the shortened standard stencil RTC-2 using an angular plate metal bracket on the upper fixing bar of the screened cassette holder. This is done in such a way that it is located behind the upper left corner of the cassette, without interfering with its free movement during operation. Before the study, a set of numbers corresponding to the patient number, according to the study register, is placed in the stencil slot. During the production of survey images, the image of these numbers is projected onto the radiograph. To mark the sighting radiographs, a similar stencil is placed on the front side of the compression tube in the projection of the upper sections of the tube window.

Archival oddities: The manifesto of the upper left hand corner club.

Forty-two years ago, a small group within the Cheiron Society formed a dissident caucus, the Upper Left Hand Corner Club (ULHCC). The founding document, preserved in an old file folder, featured a diagram of the place of the history of psychology in relation to other fields, such as social history and the history of ideas. The goal of the caucus was to move the history of psychology to the upper left-hand corner of the diagram. That meant shifting the history of psychology from a somewhat immature version of the history of ideas, in which the precursors of late 20th century psychological theories could be discovered in the work of earlier figures ranging from Wilhelm Wundt and William James to William Wordsworth and Isaac Newton (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

FMCW Radar-Based Hand Gesture Recognition Using Spatiotemporal Deformable and Context-Aware Convolutional 5-D Feature Representation

Recently, frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar-based hand gesture recognition (HGR) using deep learning has achieved favorable performance. However, many existing methods use extracted features separately, i.e., using one of the range, Doppler, azimuth, or elevation angle information, or a combination of any two, to train convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which ignore the interrelation among the 5-D time-varying-range-Doppler-azimuth-elevation feature space. Although there have been methods using the 5-D information, their mining of the interrelation among the 5-D feature space is not sufficient, and there is still room for improvements. This article proposes a new processing scheme of HGR based on 5-D feature cubes that are jointly encoded by a 3-D fast Fourier transform (3-D-FFT)-based method. Then, a CNN is proposed by building two novel blocks, i.e., the spatiotemporal deformable convolution (STDC) block and the adaptive spatiotemporal context-aware convolution (ASTCAC) block. Concretely, STDC is designed to cope with hand gestures’ large spatiotemporal geometric transformations in the 5-D feature space. Moreover, ASTCAC is designed for modeling long-distance global relationships, e.g., relationships between pixels of the feature at the upper left corner and lower right corner, and exploring the global spatiotemporal context, in order to enhance the target feature representation and suppress interference. Finally, our presented method is verified on a large radar dataset, including 19 760 sets of 16 common hand gestures, collected by 19 subjects. Our method obtains a recognition rate of 99.53% on the validation dataset and that of 97.22% on the test dataset, which is significantly better than state-of-the-art methods.

Comparing the performance of RANS turbulence models between different cavity flow benchmarks

To evaluate the performance of RANS turbulence models, this study compares four different cavity flow benchmarks using the prevailing two-equation turbulence models for indoor airflows, namely the standard and RNG k-ε and the standard and SST k-ω models. A cavity flow consists of one air inlet and one outlet slot. The inlet slot is positioned on the upper left corner of the cavity, whereas the outlet slot is located in the lower right. This cavity flow is representative of mixing ventilation. These four cavity benchmarks differ by their geometry (i.e., the aspect ratio of the room), flow regime and whether the flow is isothermal or not. Measurements of the air velocity and temperature in these benchmarks are used to evaluate the accuracy of the RANS turbulence models. Many existing studies have investigated the airflow and heat transfer over these benchmarks. However, the numerical methods and other relevant CFD parameters are not always described in detail, reducing the transparency and reproducibility of these works. To compare the influence of the RANS turbulence model on the four cavity flows, a same CFD setup is adopted here for all benchmarks. This setup is based on the best practice in RANS, namely a steady second-order spatial discretization on a wall-resolved structured mesh and with a grid convergence analysis. The results show that k-ε models, particularly the standard k-ε model, are best suited in a fully turbulent flow regime without strong pressure gradients. On the opposite, the SST k-ω model performs best in the transitional regime while the k-ε models only give moderate to poor results.

Quantifying Bone Marrow Fat Fraction and Iron by MRI for Distinguishing Aplastic Anemia from Myelodysplastic Syndromes

ROIs were manually drawn at the level containing the largest section of the left posterior superior ilium (A, B, D, E). The zoomed version of the ROIs showed in the upper left corner. (A, D) FF value of AA and MDS is 86.98% and 25.84%, respectively. (B, E) Iron content from R2*image is 117.91 and 147.98/second. (C, F) Histologic sections images of AA and MDS. Compared with MDS group (F), the number of fat cells (black arrow) in the AA group (C) was increased by Zeng et al. (1754–1760) image

Predicting cerebrospinal fluid leakage prior to posterior circumferential decompression for the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine.

Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL) is one of the most common complications after posterior transarticular osteotomy and circumferential decompression (CD) for the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the thoracic spine. Predicting CSFL preoperatively would be of great value to surgeons. The aim of this study was to discover the factors that can predict CSFL prior to CD and incorporate them into a predictive model. Sixty-one patients with OPLL who underwent posterior transarticular osteotomy and CD at Peking University International Hospital were divided into a CSFL group and a non-CSFL group. Univariate analysis was used to identify possible predictors. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed to predict the probability of CSFL. Model validation was performed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. CSFL occurred in 31.1% of patients. Univariate regression analysis showed statistical differences (P<0.05) in smoking history, segment of CD, whether OPLL was combined with the ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF), number of laminectomies, occupying ratio, and OPLL base ratio. Our multivariate regression model showed that CSFL predictors included smoking history [odds ratio (OR) =30.1; P=0.003], the upper thoracic segment (OR =188.0; P=0.002), the middle thoracic segment (OR =57.4; P=0.005), and the OPLL base ratio (OR =1.3; P=0.007). The ROC curve was in the upper left corner [area under the curve =0.955, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91-1.00; P<0.001], indicating the model had good predictability. The predictive model shows that if patients with thoracic OPLL have a history of smoking, or the segment of CD is in the upper or middle thoracic spine, or the OPLL has a wide base, The possibility for postoperative CSFL occurring is higher. Using these factors, a surgeon can preoperatively warn patients of the probability of CSFL occurring after posterior transarticular osteotomy and CD.

Experimental investigation of immersed granular collapse in viscous and inertial regimes

This paper presents an experimental investigation of immersed granular collapse with an initially dense packing, mainly focusing on the collapse characteristics of different flow regimes and the influence of the initial aspect ratio. A novel experimental setup and imaging method are introduced to simultaneously observe the motion of the particles and the fluid. The collapse dynamics, including the collapse acceleration, steady propagation velocity, and collapse duration, are analyzed based on the front propagation. It is found that the collapse procedures in the inertial and viscous regimes differ significantly, with the transitional regime possessing some unique characteristics of both. The inertial regime exhibits a faster collapse process, sharper final deposition, and a depression near the right wall in the case of high columns. The viscous regime collapses from the upper-left corner, from where particles drop to the bottom and form the flow front in advance of the particles initially at the bottom, and exhibits a triangular final deposition. The inertial regime exhibits swirling fluid motion, which helps the granular transport, whereas the fluid flow in the viscous regime mainly follows the granular flow. The collapse regime characteristics are more pronounced in higher columns.

Experimental investigations of interference effects on wind pressures of tall buildings

The interference effects between two tall buildings on building surface wind pressures are studied by using wind tunnel experiments. Different breadth ratios ( B r = B interfering/ Bprincipal), depth ratios ( D r = D interfering/ Dprincipal), and relative locations of the two buildings are tested. The results show that the interference effects on mean wind pressures on the windward face and the right face are more considerable than those on the other two faces. The windward face mainly shows the shielding effect, while the right face exhibits the amplification effect. The surface interference factors ( SIF) of windward and right faces under different breadth ratios and depth ratios have clear correlation with the reference values ( B r = D r = 1.0), and a series of correlation formulas are obtained. The SIF values of the windward face in tandem arrangement and the maximum and minimum interference factors of the right face in parallel arrangement are formulated. The most prominent local peak pressure under different cases mainly concentrates in the side edge and upper edge of the windward face, the left upper corner, left lower corner, and the upper-middle part of the right face.

Predicting the consistency of intracranial meningiomas using apparent diffusion coefficient maps derived from preoperative diffusion-weighted imaging.

The consistency of meningiomas is a critical factor affecting the difficulty of resection, operative complications, and operative time. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is derived from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and is calculated using two optimized b values. While the results of comparisons between the standard ADC and the consistency of meningiomas vary, the shifted ADC has been reported to be strongly correlated with liver stiffness. The purpose of the present prospective cohort study was to determine whether preoperative standard and shifted ADC maps predict the consistency of intracranial meningiomas. Standard (b values 0 and 1000 sec/mm2) and shifted (b values 200 and 1500 sec/mm2) ADC maps were calculated using preoperative DWI in patients undergoing resection of intracranial meningiomas. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed within the tumor on standard and shifted ADC maps and registered on the navigation system. Tumor tissue located at the registered ROI was resected through craniotomy, and its stiffness was measured using a durometer. The cutoff point lying closest to the upper left corner of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was determined for the detection of tumor stiffness such that an ultrasonic aspirator or scissors was always required for resection. Each tumor tissue sample with stiffness greater than or equal to or less than this cutoff point was defined as hard or soft tumor, respectively. For 76 ROIs obtained from 25 patients studied, significant negative correlations were observed between stiffness and the standard ADC (ρ = -0.465, p < 0.01) and the shifted ADC (ρ = -0.490, p < 0.01). The area under the ROC curve for detecting hard tumor (stiffness ≥ 20.8 kPa) did not differ between the standard ADC (0.820) and the shifted ADC (0.847) (p = 0.39). The positive predictive value (PPV) for the combination of a low standard ADC and a low shifted ADC for detecting hard tumor was 89%. The PPV for the combination of a high standard ADC and a high shifted ADC for detecting soft tumor (stiffness < 20.8 kPa) was 81%. A combination of standard and shifted ADC maps derived from preoperative DWI can be used to predict the consistency of intracranial meningiomas.

Numerical simulation of natural convection in a porous cavity with internal hot and cold sources using the lattice Boltzmann method

Based on the non-orthogonal multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method (MRT–LBM), natural convection in a porous square cavity with a pair of isothermally hot and cold blocks inside was studied numerically in the current study. The influence of arrangements (Cases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), spacing ratio (S), and size ratio (A) of the hot and cold sources and the Rayleigh number (Ra) on the heat exchange efficiency were studied. The results show that different arrangements produce different heat-transfer effects. Two arrangements, hot and cold blocks placed horizontally (Case 1) and a cold block located in the upper left corner while a hot block is located in the bottom right corner (Case 4), have better heat exchange performance than the other three cases because the flow directions of hot and cold fluids are closer to that of the heat transfer. Then, the influence of the spacing between blocks and the size of the blocks on the heat transfer rate was further studied in Cases 1 and 4. Heat transfer performance improved with increasing A. Additionally, the variation in the heat transfer performance with spacing is related to the arrangement and size ratio of the blocks. For Ra = 104, 105, and 106, the best heat transfer characteristics were obtained in Case 1 when S = 0.05 and A = 0.20. For Ra = 107, Case 4 exhibited the best heat transfer effect when S = 0.35 and A = 0.20.

PSP net-based automatic segmentation network model for prostate magnetic resonance imaging

Purpose: Prostate cancer is a common cancer. To improve the accuracy of early diagnosis, we propose a prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) segmentation model based on Pyramid Scene Parsing Network (PSP Net).Method: A total of 270 prostate MRI images were collected, and the data set was divided. Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) was enhanced in this study. We use the prostate MRI segmentation model based on PSP net, and use segmentation accuracy, under segmentation rate, over segmentation rate and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluation index to compare the segmentation effect based on FCN and U-Net.Results: PSP net has the highest segmentation accuracy of 0.9865, over segmentation rate of 0.0023, under segmentation rate of 0.1111, which is less than FCN and U-Net. The ROC curve of PSP net is closest to the upper left corner, AUC is 0.9427, larger than FCN and U-Net.Conclusion: This paper proves through a large number of experimental results that the prostate MRI automatic segmentation network model based on PSP Net is able to improve the accuracy of segmentation, relieve the workload of doctors, and is worthy of further clinical promotion.

Reconfigurable narrow open-slot LTE MIMO antennas for metal-rimmed smartphone applications

This paper presents a ‘reconfigurable narrow open-slot LTE MIMO antennas for metal-rimmed smartphone applications,’ which consist of two structurally identical L-shaped slot antennas combined with a metal rim with a 1 mm wide opening. The slots are 3 mm wide and 90 mm long, and are placed diagonally on the upper left and lower right corners of the mobile phone in a mirror-symmetrical manner to achieve good isolation. The 1 mm wide opening divides the L-slot structure into a longer open-slot and a shorter open-slot, and two different feed monopoles are designed to couple and excite the resonance modes of the slot by switching between the two different feed monopoles to cover LTE700/GSM850/900 and GSM1800/1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500, respectively. The measured isolation is better than 11 dB, the measured antenna efficiency is better than 40%, and the calculated ECCs from measured radiation patterns are lower than 0.3.

Failure Mechanical Characteristics of Rock with Different Hole Shapes

Due to the role of geological structure, the underground rock contains a large number of holes. In order to study the influence of the hole on the mechanical characteristics of the rock failure, the numerical simulation analysis of the intact rock and the rock with three shapes holes(circle, square, triangle) are carried out by using PFC2D. The results show that the rock strength varies with the shape of the hole. Circular holes have the least impact on strength and triangles have the greatest impact. At the same time, different holes shapes have different failure morphology, the intact rock sample forms a penetrating fracture zone inclined by 60°. For the circular hole, forms a through-fracture zone along the upper left and lower right corners. The square hole sample forms an "X"-shaped fracture zone along the four corners. For the triangular holes sample, the damage occurs first at the two positions of the left and right foot of the hole, and then the fracture zone is formed along the upper right corner and the two feet of the sample. Finally, theoretical analysis of stress distribution characteristics around the rock with circular holes is carried out. The compressive stress concentration occurs on the left and right sides of the circular hole, the tensile stress concentration occurs at the top and bottom boundary of the hole. And the tensile crack occurs at the top and bottom of the hole, tensile and shear mixed cracks appear on the left and right sides of the hole from numerical simulation. The crack distribution of numerical simulation is consistent with the theoretical stress analysis results.

Simulation of Scale-up Criteria for Side-entry Stirred Tank in Laboratory Scale

The hydrodynamics in side-entry stirred tanks with similar geometry ratio were studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation methods. Scale up is done using a flat bottomed cylindrical side-entry stirred tank with diameter D=0.4 m (T40) and D=0.6 m (T60) in a laboratory scale. The type of stirrer is a commercial three-blade marine propeller with a ratio propeller to tank diameter d/D = 0.1. The effect of the constant propeller rotational speed (N) and constant tip speed (utip ) is evaluated on the pumping capacity and fluid velocity profile in the discharge stream area as well as the flow pattern in the whole tank. Flow patterns are a form of fluid behavior that is easily changed when there are operating conditions in the tank varying, for example when the propeller speed is changed. Considered from the effectiveness of mixing performance, the scale-up criteria similar geometry to the constant N is more beneficial. Visually shows that in the same time span the flow pattern on the T60 is more able to reach the entire tank area. The stagnant area is not visible, whereas in T40 there is still a stagnant flow area in the upper left corner of the tank. However, constant N cannot be used as a reference for scale-up of side-entry stirred tank into a larger scale. Because the phenomenon changes quite dramatically which is caused by a change in propeller diameter. Meanwhile constant utip gives results that are closer to T40 and T60 in the flow pattern and the distribution of velocity in the discharge stream. So for side-entry stirred tank that has a similar geometry, scale-up criteria with constant utip is more appropriate to be applied.

Eratum: Ćelijski modeli za proučavanje mišićne insulinske rezistencije (2021, vol. 72, br. 1, str. 50-57)

In the paper titled "Cell models for studying muscle insulin resistance" by Kasja Pavlović et al. published in Medical youth journal volumen 72, number 1, there occurred a technical error on the title page, where in the upper left corner the type of manuscript is marked as "ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE". The type of the mentioned manuscript is a mini-review article and in the upper left corner there should be written "Mini review article". On this occasion, we apologize to the authors and readers. With the consent of the author, we publish a correction in this issue.

On the issue of perception of political content in social networks: experience in the application of neurophysiological methodologies

The article examines the peculiarities of the young people perception of political content in social networks. The use of an objective neurophysiological oculography method for the study of visual attention has been proposed. The empirical basis of the study was the analysis of 1500 social network posts of political orientation, to which the tagging of the visual part of the message was applied and basic behavioral statistics were collected, including indicators of communicability, attractiveness and virality. This allowed to conduct a primary classification of political content and form sets of stimulating material for conducting neurophysiological research. The research experiment consisted of consecutive displaying collages of various types of political content (memes, photographs of political leaders, photographs of political events and posters) and simultaneously recording the participants eye movement behavior using a web tracker. The obtained quantitative data was used to determine the trajectory of studying the stimulus material, as well as to assess visual attention when perceiving various types of political content. The study of the stimulus material begins with viewing the image in the upper left corner (0°–45°), then moves to the lower left corner (135°–180°), regardless of the type of content. It was discovered that the average duration of fixations for different types of political content differs significantly (H=8.201, df=3, p=0.042). The most attractive are memes and photographs of political leaders, the least attractive – posters. The first fixations are caused, as a rule, by the pattern of viewing visual information. An increase in the duration of perception of a stimulus leads to a redistribution of the duration of fixations to the images most interesting for the participants in the experiment. It was revealed that the average duration of fixations on the content entails its memorability (images), as indicated by the Pearson correlation coefficient (r=0.564, p=0.023). The obtained data on the visual perception of various types of political content allows to adjust and increase the effectiveness of the communication strategy for promoting certain accounts in social networks by actors of political power.

Eratum: Autofagija i karcinom bubrežnih ćelija - šta znamo do sada? (2021, vol. 72, br. 1, str. 43-49)

In the paper titled "Autophagy and renal cell carcinoma: What do we know so far?" by Milan Radovanović et al. published in Medical youth journal volumen 72, number 1, there occurred a technical error on the title page, where in the upper left corner the type of manuscript is marked as "ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE". The type of the mentioned manuscript is a mini-review article and in the upper left corner there should be written "Mini review article". On this occasion, we apologize to the authors and readers. With the consent of the author, we publish a correction in this issue.