Upland Rice Varieties Research Articles

Variation in yield attributing traits and genetic parameters estimates of some advanced promising lines of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown under shade conditions

Efforts to develop upland rice need to be supported by plant breeding programs by assembling superior upland rice varieties. Eight advanced promising lines developed through a hybridization breeding program and two check varieties were used to study. The study conducted in Langgea Village (4°3’24”S and 121°27’59”E), Ranomeeto District, South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The experiment arranged in a split-plot design using randomized complete block (RCB) and three replications. Shade treatments arranged as main plots and the different of upland rice promising lines as subplots. The parameters observed were included vegetative and generative character. The results showed that the genotypes significantly differed in grain yield and yield attributing traits. The estimation of genetic parameters of some upland rice promising lines for grain yield and yield attributing traits indicated that total grain per panicle and leaf area had high both genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variance. There were genotypic diversity values on the appearance of some upland rice promising lines at a low light intensity, which had the highest value on the total grain per panicle (282.13) and the lowest value on the grain weight per clump (1.02).

Efficacy of indigenous Trichoderma isolates of West Timor, Indonesia, as biocontrol agents of brown spot (Drechslera oryzae) on two upland rice varieties

BackgroundBrown spot disease is one of the most destructive foliar diseases of rice. Biological control of this disease is considered more environmentally safe, but the biological control agents have limited availability. The fungus Trichoderma can be used as a biocontrol agent for various plant diseases, including brown spots. Indigenous Trichoderma species from West Timor were evaluated in this study to reveal their effectiveness in reducing brown spot disease of upland rice. The study was conducted under a screen house condition using a factorial treatment design laid out in a completely randomized design. The two factors were the brown spot disease control method (T. viride, T. harzianum, T. hamatum, fungicide Trivia 73 WP, and a control treatment) and upland rice genotype (Inpago 7 and Breun Senaren 2).ResultsThe results showed that Trichoderma spp. and the fungicide Trivia 73 WP caused significantly lower AUDPC and apparent infection rate than the control treatment. The total phenol content and agronomic characters (number of reproductive tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, grain yield per plant) were higher in the Trichoderma and fungicide treatments than the control treatment. Meanwhile, tannin and saponin levels were non-significantly different among treatments. Trichoderma and the fungicide Trivia treatments effectively suppressed brown spot disease of upland rice, and the efficacy was dependent on the rice variety, with a mean efficacy range over the two varieties of 27.05–36.42%. The Trichoderma and the fungicide Trivia treatments increased the grain yield per plant differentially in the 2 rice varieties, with a mean grain yield increase over the 2 varieties of 13.0% (T. viride), 23.5% (T. harzianum), 35.0% (T. hamatum), and 19.9% (Trivia 73 WP).ConclusionEfficacy of local Trichoderma of West Timor and the fungicide Trivia treatments were varietal dependent with T. hamatum being the most effective in reducing the brown spot disease and producing the highest grain yield increase over the 2 rice varieties. The local Trichoderma species of West Timor have a future potential as biocontrol agents of upland rice brown spot disease, but it is necessary to further evaluate their effectiveness against the disease in replicated field trials.

Morphological Structure of Upland Rice Varieties at Different Light Intensities

Increasing food self-sufficiency, especially rice grown as intercrops, requires attention to the development ofupland rice varieties that are shade-tolerant and capable of high production. The objective of this research tostudy about the mechanism of tolerance, morphological characters as characterizing tolerance to shade. Theresearch was carried out in Cengkeh Turi Binjai with an altitude of ± 32 meters above sea level, with soil pH;4.5, started from May to August 2018. The study used a split plot design with two factors. The first factorwas the light intensity, consist of: 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%. The second factor consisted of 5 rice varieties,namely: Inpago 5, Lipigo 4, Inpago 8, Inpago 10, and Lipigo 2. The result of this study was an increase in thearea of the flag leaf with a decrease in sunlight intensity by 75%. The conclusion of this study is that thelower the intensity of sunlight, the lower the angle of the flag leaf and the thickness of the upland rice leaf.Keywords: light; upland rice; varieties

Evaluation of growth and yield of upland rice varieties under various shading levels and organic fertilizer concentrations

Abstract. Satriawan H, Nazirah L, Fitri R, Ernawita. 2022. Evaluation of growth and yield of upland rice varieties under various shading levels and organic fertilizer concentrations. Biodiversitas 23: 2655-2662. The present study aimed to reveal the effect of shading treatments and organic fertilizer dosages on the growth and yield of several upland rice varieties. A split-split plot experimental design with 3 factors was used in this study, consisting of shading levels as the main plot (0%, 30%, 60%), organic fertilizer as a sub-plot (0 g/plant, 25 g/plant, 50 g/plant, and 75 g/plant) and upland rice varieties as sub-sub plot (Ciherang, Situ Bagendit, Kabir 07 and Malaysian upland). Parameters observed were plant height and tiller numbers (expressed as area under the curve), panicle number, dry hay weight, grain weight, flowering time, and chlorophyll number. Results showed that shading treatments significantly affected panicle number, grain weight, and dry hay weight (0% and 30% shade showed the highest result with no significant differences; while 60% shades showed the lowest results); varieties are an important determinant in tiller numbers (Malaysian upland, Ciherang, Situ Bagendit and Kabir 07 with 798.33 ±7.76 and 792.71 ± 9.4, 764.38 ±8.75 and 738.33 ± 14.84, consecutively) and panicle numbers (Ciherang, Situ Bagendit, Malaysian upland and Kabir 07 with 46.51 ± 5.97, 45.26 ±5.68, 44.31 ± 5.09, and 41.08 ± 5.92, consecutively); while organic fertilizer dosages significantly affected tiller numbers in which 26 t ha-1 and 8 t.ha-1 were the highest and the lowest tiller number observed, respectively. Shade and variety interaction significantly affected plant height and flowering time, while interactions of varieties and organic fertilizer dosages are significant on tiller number, panicle number, grain weight, and dry hay weight. The highest total chlorophyll number was shown by Situ Bagendit variety (144.44 granules mm-2) at 60% shading level, while Kabir 07 (98.8 granules mm-2) at 30% shading level showed the lowest total chlorophyll number. It can be concluded that organic fertilization significantly affected the growth and production of upland rice varieties compared to shading treatments. Thus, upland rice cultivation under shading conditions is the potential to be developed, particularly with appropriate rice varieties and optimum organic fertilization techniques.

Evaluation of an Agroforestry System: The Growth of 14-Month-Old Solomon Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and Rice (Oryza sativa)

Solomon sengon is a provenance of sengon that grows faster than other local sengon species. The species is often cultivated in an agroforestry system, which can be combined with rice as the staple food in Indonesia. Competition between those two components to obtain the sunlight and nutrients is getting higher as sengon grows. LIPI and IPB have discovered several rice varieties. However, there has not been much research done on agroforestry between Solomon sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and rice (Oryza sativa) varieties. This study aimed to analyze the growth of Solomon sengon at 14 months old and the productivity of several rice varieties. This study used a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, namely the tree spacing factor of Solomon sengon type F2 (1.5 m × 3 m and 1.5 m × 1.5 m) and the factor of upland rice varieties (LIPI Go 1, LIPI Go 2, and IPB 9G) also lowland rice (IPB 3S). Parameters observed were sengon growth and rice productivity. Data were analyzed statistically using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the Duncan test with a confidence interval of 95%. The results showed that the 14-month-old Solomon sengon with a tree spacing of 1.5 m × 3 m has a higher diameter, height, and canopy area than a tree spacing of 1.5 m × 1.5 m. The rice varieties of LIPI Go 1, LIPI Go 2, IPB 9G, and IPB 3S planted under 14-month-old sengon with a tree spacing of 1.5 m × 3 m have higher productivity than rice planted under sengon with a tree spacing of 1.5 m × 1.5 m. Rice varieties significantly affected several rice growth parameters. IPB 3S has the optimum growth and production in this study. IPB 3S is the variety with the highest number of tillers per clump and the highest number of productive tillers per clump. IPB 3S is the variety with the highest number of tillers per clump and the highest number of productive tillers per clump. Keywords: agroforestry, rice, Solomon sengon, tree spacing

Selection for Upland Rice Varieties Under Different Levels of Light Intensity

Upland rice varieties were selected under varying levels of light intensity. This study identified shade-tolerant upland rice varieties with a high yield. From November 2016 to March 2017, the experiment was conducted at King Mongkut's Institute of Technology in Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon, Thailand. For this, ten varieties of upland rice i.e. Dawk Pa-yawm, Nangdam, Dokkam, Nangchuan, Lebnokrai, Samduen, Maepeung, Damgatondom, Lebmuenang, Pukaotong were grown at different levels of 0%, 50%, 60%, and 70% shading levels. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results of qualitative characteristics indicated that shadowing conditions didn’t have any significant effect on plant height, 50% flowering age, harvesting age, and panicle length. On the other hand, shaded conditions have a substantial effect on the number of plants per tiller, the number of panicles per tiller, the number of perfect grains per panicle, and the amount of empty grain per panicle since there was a quantitative character. Among the tested varieties, Lebmuenang, Pukaotong, Damgatondom, and Nangchuan varieties are suited for growing under 50% shade conditions while Samduen was only suited for cultivation in 70 % shaded conditions, whereas Pukaotong was good for growing in 50% and 60% shade situations. The results of this experiment did not encourage farmers to use the other varieties as cultivars under shaded conditions due to low yields. However, the outcomes of this study can be used as a reference for breeding programs in low-light conditions.

Upland Rice Tolerance Test Based on Pissy Seeds on Ultisols Used for Cultivation of Bulbs and New Openings

Upland rice tolerance test trials based on pithy seeds on ultisols used for tuber cultivation and new openings were carried out from November 2019 – February 2021 in Nagari Kampung Pinang, Lubuk Basung sub-district with the aim of knowing the interaction of upland rice varieties on ultisols of former tubers and new openings of ultisols. This experiment was conducted in a factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors. The first factor was the upland rice varieties Rindang I, Luhur I and Barabah, and the second factor was the ultisol treated layer, namely cassava ultisol, onion ultisol treatment layer and new layer processing. Based on the experiment, it was concluded that the three upland rice varieties tested, namely Rindang I, Luhur I and Barabah were classified as tolerant varieties with the order of tolerance being the Rindang I variety, followed by the Luhur I variety and the Barabah variety. Keywords: rice, ultisol, cassava, shallot

Physical properties of local upland rice kupang east nusa tenggara, indonesia

Local upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a type of cereal crop that has the potential for dry land areas. Farmers in Kupang plant upland rice/local rice that has been consumed and used for generations and is considered by the surrounding community as part of their ancestral heritage. The materials used in this research were local upland rice varieties as a result of exploration. The varieties of six local upland rice of Kupang studied in this research had different rice characters in terms of its weight, volume, density and yield.'Aen Molo' has the highest weight per grain and per 1000 grains, namely 0.024 g and 24.95 g, also the highest volume of 1000 grains of rice is 30 ml, while 'Aen Lekes' has the lowest weight per grain and per 1000 grains, namely 0.020 g and 19.66 g and also the lowest volume of 1000 grains, namely 23 ml. The Iodine test results showed that the local rice of Kupang was classified in the regular or non-glutinous rice group. Meanwhile, Alkali test results show that the six samples of local upland rice have a high gelatinization temperature which indicates that local upland rice in Kupang Regency has high amylose content.

The Growth and Production of Several Upland Rice Varieties Under Shaded Conditions

The research aims to analyse the growth and production of several upland rice varieties under shaded conditions. Factorial randomized block design was used in this study, and treatments were as follows: Shading (N) which consisted of 3 levels of treatments, namely N0 (un-shaded), N1 (30% shaded), N2 (60% shaded); and upland rice varieties (G) which were consisted of G1 (Ciherang), G2 (Situ Bagendit), G3 (Kabir 07) and G4 (Malaysian upland rice). Results showed that low light intensity due to shading treatments supressed plant height growth, reduced the number of productive tillers, delayed flowering time and reduced grain yield. Significant difference were observed in the panicle number, panicle length, grain weight and plant dry weight parameters, but showed no significant effect on plant height, tiller numbers, panicle exit age and total grain content. While variety treatments showed significant differences in the parameters of 15 and 30 DAP (days after planting), panicle numbers and plant dry weight. However, difference in showed insignificant effect on plant height 45 DAP (days after planting), tiller numbers, panicle exit age, panicle length, and grain weight. It is also reported that interactions were observed between treatments on all parameter observed, except on panicle exit age.

PERBEDAAN VOLUME PEMBERIAN AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF PADI GOGO VARIETAS INPAGO UNSOED PARIMAS DI DISTRIK HUBIKIAK KABUPATEN JAYAWIJAYA

Upland rice is rice grown on dry land. The growth and production of upland rice plants are highly dependent on the availability of water. The water requirement for plants is determined by the volume or amount of water given to the plant. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of water volume on the vegetative growth of upland rice varieties Inpago Unsoed Parimas. The research site is in the Hubikiak District, Jayawijaya Regency from June to October 2021. The method used is Completely Randomized Block Design (RAKL). Types of treatment are C1: water volume 250 ml polybag-1; C2: water volume 500ml polybag-1; C3: water volume 750 ml polybag-1; C4: water volume 1000 ml polybag-1. Parameters observed were: plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, fresh and dry weight of plants, length of plant roots. The results of this study were the volume of water applied to the vegetative growth of upland rice varieties Inpago Unsoed Parimas on plant height and number of leaves aged 6 WAP and 8 WAP; the number of tillers aged 4 MST, 6 MST, 8 MST; plant fresh weight and root length. The water volume of 750 ml polybag-1 (C3) is the best water volume for the vegetative growth of upland rice of the Inpago Unsoed Parimas variety in the Hubikiak District, Jayawijaya Regency

​Influence of Micro Climatic Indices on Growth and Yield of Direct Seeded Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties in Assam

Background: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the major cereal crop grown in India. Rice plays a pivotal role in the socio-cultural life of the people of Assam. The main objective of this study to investigate the influence micro climatic indices in relation to crop growth and yield of upland rice varieties with different dates of sowing in Assam. Methods: A field experiment was carried out at Instructional cum Research Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during autumn season of 2017. The experiment consisted of four micro-climatic regimes (M) along with four different rice varieties (V). Result: The results of the experiment revealed that micro climatic indices viz., canopy temperature, growing degree days, soil moisture content, soil temperature, light intensity, depth of ground water table associated with 1st April sown crop recorded positive effect on growth and yield parameters in terms of plant height, leaf area index, number of filled grains per panicle, test weight, harvest index and grain yield (3004 kg/ha), followed by the micro-climate associated with 16th March sown crop. Among the varieties evaluated, CR-Dhan 203 recorded the highest grain yield of 2860 kg/ha and was significantly superior to that of other varieties except Inglongkiri.

Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tiga Varietas Padi Gogo (Oryza sativa L.) pada Berbagai Kondisi Cekaman Kekeringan

Drought has a direct impact on the agricultural sector. Dry land is one type of marginal land, because drought causes various negative impacts on plants. The long drought causes the water requirement for plants to stagnate so that the plants experience stress or experience drought stress conditions. Drought stress is an environmental condition where plants do not receive sufficient water intake, so that plants cannot carry out the process of growth and development optimally and production decreases. One way that can be done on the problem of drought is to identify several plant varieties to see the response and ability of plants to survive under stress conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of drought conditions, to determine the effect of upland rice varieties and the interactions that occur between upland rice varieties and various drought stress conditions on growth and yield. The research method used was a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor is 100% field capacity, 80% field capacity, 60% field capacity and 40% field capacity, while the second factor is Inpago 8 variety, Inpago 9 variety and Situ bagendit variety. The results of the research conducted showed that the level of drought stress had an effect on the growth and yield of upland rice plants. The higher the drought conditions experienced by plants, the growth and yields on plants are much lower and yields are less. This is because the availability of water for plants is not sufficient. The higher the drought conditions experienced by the plant, the longer the root length of the plant. This is because plants that experience drought stress in the vegetative phase will inhibit crown growth and increase root growth.

New Rainfed-Drought Rice Variety developed through In Vitro Mutagenesis

In vitro mutagenesis (IVM), a technique combining tissue culture and gamma irradiation (30 Gy 60Co), was performed with a modern upland rice variety NSIC 2001 Rc 9 (NSIC Rc9), locally known as Apo. The breeding strategy was implemented to improve the variety’s grain quality, specifically its grain size and shape, and amylose content. The induced mutation strategy regenerated 55 IVM1 families from which the IVM2 population was generated comprising of 206 segregating plants. Phenotypic variability assessment conducted in 2009 wet season resulted in the selection of 150 plants with acceptable phenotypes. After a series of evaluations and selection for grain quality, drought stress tolerance and grain yield, seven elite lines were selected for multi-environment trial (MET) in four rainfed locations. The MET identified four lines ready for nomination to the National Cooperative Testing (NCT) for further evaluation and recommendation to the National Seed Industry Council (NSIC) as a new variety for release. In 2015, the line PR41395-NSICRc9-IVM2009DS 50-1-4 (IVM-032) was entered into NCT as one of the breeding lines evaluated under the rainfed-drought prone rice ecosystem. In 2019, the line was released as a new variety recommended for cultivation and consumption. The IVM-032 was officially registered as NSIC 2019 Rc572 and with the variety name of Sahod Ulan 28.

Statistical Analysis of Crop Water Stress in Rainfed Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Using Spectral and Non-spectral Indices

The use of vegetation indices derived from wavelengths known to be sensitive to plant water status is a fast, reliable, and non-destructive method of identifying the spatial and temporal distribution of crop water requirements. A pot experiment was conducted in a screenhouse to assess the potential of vegetation indices in detecting water stress in rainfed rice during the reproductive growth phase. Rainfed lowland (PSB Rc14) and upland (UPL Ri7) rice varieties were subjected to non-water stress [2.0 irrigation water (IW) per cumulative pan evaporation (CPE)], mild water stress (1.5 IW/CPE), and severe water stress (1.0 IW/CPE) treatments during the reproductive growth stage. Leaf reflectance measurements were taken using a portable field spectrometer (Jazz Spectral Sensing Suite, Ocean Optics, Inc.) with a spectral range of 650–1050 nm and 0.36 nm bandwidth. Vegetation indices – namely, water index (WI), normalized water index-1 (NWI-1), normalized water index-2 (NWI-2), normalized water index-3 (NWI-3), and normalized water index-4 (NWI-4) – were then calculated from the leaf spectral reflectance measurements and correlated with leaf relative water content (RWC), crop water stress index, and grain yield. The leaf reflectance in the NIR region (700–1050 nm) of both rice varieties under severe water stress conditions (1.0 IW/CPE) was lower compared to those under mild water stress (1.5 IW/CPE) and non-water stress treatments (2.0 IW/CPE). Significant differences in the vegetation indices were detected at the flowering stage when the onset of water stress was also identified by the crop water stress index (CWSI). NWI-2 had the strongest correlation with grain yield of PSB Rc14 (r = –0.7815), whereas WI and NWI-1 correlated well with grain yield for UPL Ri7 (r = –0.876). These results suggest the potential of using hyperspectral vegetation indices as indicators of water stress during the flowering stage of rice.

Natural alleles of a uridine 5'-diphospho-glucosyltransferase gene responsible for differential endosperm development between upland rice and paddy rice.

Traditional upland rice generally exhibits insufficient grains resulting from abnormal endosperm development compared to paddy rice. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this trait is poorly understood. Here, we cloned the uridine 5'-diphospho (UDP)-glucosyltransferase gene EDR1 (Endosperm Development in Rice) responsible for differential endosperm development between upland rice and paddy rice by performing quantitative trait loci analysis and map-based cloning. EDR1 was highly expressed in developing seeds during grain filling. Natural variations in EDR1 significantly reduced the UDP-glucosyltransferase activity of EDR1YZN compared to EDR1YD1 , resulting in abnormal endosperm development in the near-isogenic line, accompanied by insufficient grains and changes in grain quality. By analyzing the distribution of the two alleles EDR1YD1 and EDR1YZN among diverse paddy rice and upland rice varieties, we discovered that EDR1 was conserved in upland rice, but segregated in paddy rice. Further analyses of grain chalkiness in the alleles of EDR1YD1 and EDR1YZN varieties indicated that rice varieties harboring EDR1YZN and EDR1YD1 preferentially showed high chalkiness, and low chalkiness, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that the UDP-glucosyltransferase gene EDR1 is an important determinant controlling differential endosperm development between upland rice and paddy rice.

Field arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation increased plant performance without phosphorus fertilizer supply of four promoted upland rice varieties in Madagascar

Summary In Madagascar, upland rice cropping is constrained by soil acidity and low phosphorus (P) bioavailability. Given their role in plant P nutrition, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may improve crop yield in nutrient-poor tropical soils. In the Vakinankaratra region, a field experiment was conducted at 908 m asl on an acidic Ferralsol during the 2019–2020 growing season. The aim was to test the ability of four promoted rice varieties to respond to AMF seed-coating inoculation with a commercial strain of Rhizophagus irregularis in the absence or presence of P fertilizer (20 kg ha−1 of P2O5) under no expected nitrogen (N) limitation. In absence of P fertilization, both at tillering and at maturity and irrespective of the rice varieties, AMF inoculation significantly improved plant performance and finally grain yield, grain N, and grain P amounts by an average of 28%, 30%, and 39%, respectively. In contrast, when P fertilizer was supplied, no significant effect of AMF inoculation was observed. Rice growth variables were significantly higher with the application of P fertilizer than with AMF inoculation both at tillering and at maturity. P fertilizer without inoculation provided an average grain yield improvement of 85%. At tillering, mycorrhizal parameters for root colonization assessment were not positively linked with rice growth variables suggesting an early effect of AMF inoculation. We concluded that, with no P fertilization, AMF seed coating inoculation at the field scale significantly improved upland rice plant performance in a limited soil P environment. Our rice genetic variability did not interfere significantly both with mycorrhizal parameters and crop AMF inoculation benefits.

Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance Estimates of Rice Varieties After Mutagenesis

The present study was conducted for assessing the variability, heritability and genetic advance estimates of upland rice varieties viz., Swarnaprabha and Vaisakh having susceptibility to lodging after treating with gamma rays of dose 375 - 550 Gy. The germination percentage, shoot and root length were inversely related to increase in radiation dose. Correlation studies pointed out that yield is having strong positive correlation with panicle length, panicles per plant, days to maturity and harvest index and direct selection for these independent characters can enhance the yield.

Seaweed extract effect on arbuscular mycorrhizae spore in soil engineered by earthworm, and the soil effect on upland rice growth

Seaweed extract is known to contain nutrients and growth-regulating substances that affect soil biota, and a source of protection against pests and diseases. Earthworm, which is an example of a soil biota and playing the role of ecosystem engineer, has the ability to produce suitable land biostructures, for the inhabitation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which has an impact on upland rice growth. Therefore, this study aims to determine, (i) the effect of seaweed extract on the population of earthworms and spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and (ii) the impact of the engineered soil on the growth of local upland rice varieties. Furthermore, the extract of seaweed, such as Kappapychus alvarezii, was divided into five concentration levels, namely 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Each treatment was drenched into the soil from the cogongrass vegetated area, mixed with 20 Pheretima sp., and maintained for 49 days in the greenhouse. The result showed that the total difference in the earthworms’ concentration treatments was not significant. It also showed that the total AMF spores in the engineered soil products of 20% concentration was the highest. Based on treatment with the earthworm engineered soil products, the highest and lowest vegetative growth and yield components of upland rice were observed at the concentrations of 80% and 0%, respectively. In conclusion, the application of seaweed extract to the soil did not significantly reduce the earthworm population. The extract concentration of 20% also increased the total AMF spore in the engineered soil. Moreover, highly treated engineered soil products increased the growth and yield components of upland Kambowa rice on cogongrass soils.

Breeding of New Upland Rice Variety Zhongkexilu 2 by Molecular Marker-assisted Selection

Breeding of New Upland Rice Variety Zhongkexilu 2 by Molecular Marker-assisted Selection

Potential Characterization and Identification of Indigenous Rhizobacteria Species of Ultisol Soil to Support the Growth of Several Superior Upland Rice Varieties

TG4 and SR2 were isolates of indigenous bacteria from cassava roots from Banyumas Regency, Central Java. Both are local isolates from marginal lands that can be developed as biofertilizers. This study aimed to determine the potential characteristics of bacterial isolates TG4 and SR2 in supporting the growth of superior upland rice and determining species identity based on the molecular analysis of 16S rRNA. Bacterial isolates TG4 and SR2 were determined for their potency of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) by fixing N2, dissolving phosphate, and producing Indole Acetic acid (IAA). Bioassays were carried out on TG4 and SR2 isolates by application of bacterial isolates (B0 = control, B1 = TG4, B2 = isolates SR2, B3 = isolates TG4 and SR2) on superior upland rice (V1 = INPAGO UNSOED 1, V2 = UNSOED PARIMAS, V3 = INPAGO 8) in sterile ultisol soil. The F test was used for bioassay data analysis, and if there was a significant difference, it was further tested with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with an error rate of 5%. The identity of bacterial species TG4 and SR2 was obtained by analyzing 16S rRNA sequences and genetic relationships through phylogenetic trees. The results showed that the isolates of TG4 were phosphate solubilizing bacteria and producers of IAA, while the isolates of SR2 were nitrogen fixing, phosphate solubilizing, and IAA producers. The application of bacterial isolates TG4 and SR2 significantly affected root length wet and dry weight of upland rice plants, with the highest value obtained from using a consortium of TG4 and SR2 bacteria. Bacterial isolates TG4 were identified as Bacillus albus, while SR2 as B. Paramycoides. Bacterial isolates TG4 and SR2 can be used as biofertilizers to support superior upland rice growth.