Upgrade Program Research Articles

ATLAS upgrade for the HL-LHC

While the on-going Run-3 data-taking campaign will provide twice the integrated proton–proton luminosity currently available at the LHC, most of the data expected for the full LHC physics program will only be delivered during the HL-LHC phase. For this, the LHC will undergo an ambitious upgrade program to be able to deliver an instantaneous luminosity of 7.5⋅1034cm−2s−1, allowing the collection of more than 3 ab−1 of data at s=13.6(14)TeV. This unprecedented data sample will allow the ATLAS experiment to perform several precision measurements to constrain the Standard Model (SM) in yet unexplored regions of phase space, in particular in the Higgs sector, only accessible at the LHC. To benefit from such a rich data sample, it is fundamental to upgrade the detector to cope with the challenging experimental conditions that include radiation doses 10 times higher than what ATLAS experienced since its construction and increase in the number of interactions per bunch crossing from the current 50-60 to 200. The upgrade of the ATLAS detector comprises a completely new all-silicon tracker with extended rapidity coverage that will replace the current inner tracker detector; a redesigned trigger and data acquisition system for the calorimeters and muon systems, allowing the implementation of a readout system that can operate complex trigger algorithms at 40 MHz. Finally, a new subsystem called High Granularity Timing Detector will aid the track-vertex association in the forward region by providing timing information to the reconstructed tracks. An important ingredient, relevant to almost all measurements, is the precise determination of the delivered luminosity with systematic uncertainties below the percent level. This challenging task will be achieved by collecting the information from several detector systems using different and complementary techniques. This document will describe the ongoing ATLAS detector upgrade status and the main results obtained with the prototypes, giving a synthetic view of the whole upgrade project.

3D silicon pixel sensors for the CMS experiment tracker upgrade

The upgrade program of the CMS experiment (CMS Collaboration, 2024) in view of the LHC High Luminosity phase (HL–LHC) includes a replacement of the silicon pixel tracker. This is necessary to guarantee the same tracking performance of the current detector under harsher operating conditions, including higher radiation fluences and hit rates. The first layer of the central (barrel) detector will be located at radial distance of 3 cm from the interaction point where the radiation fluence after 7 years of operation will be 1.9×1016neq/cm2. Following an extensive R&D program, comprising both laboratory and test beam measurements, 3D sensors will be employed in this layer due to their higher radiation tolerance and lower power consumption after irradiation. Test beam measurements after irradiation up to 1.6×1016neq/cm2 showed a hit detection efficiency larger than 96% at normal incidence with less than 2% masked pixels, for applied bias voltages between 100 V and 130 V.

The political economy of public housing upgrading programs

This paper finds new evidence of using public housing upgrading programs for political rent-seeking motives. We merged datasets comprising public housing upgrading programs, resale public housing transactions, electoral division boundaries, and general election events in Singapore from 2010 to 2016. We find evidence of significant increases in public housing upgrading programs in the ruling party constituencies one quarter before general elections. Due to resource constraints, the probability of blocks being selected for future upgrading programs diminishes with the upgrading announcements in neighboring housing blocks. The negative externality is felt more by residents of affected housing blocks in the opposition constituencies, causing price declines of 1.9 % more than housing blocks in the ruling party constituencies. The preferential treatment in the upgrading program selection process for the ruling party constituencies over the opposition constituencies widens the housing price gap between the two constituencies.

New opportunities for high pressure X-ray absorption spectroscopy at ID24-DCM and BM23 with the Extremely Brilliant Source of the ESRF

ABSTRACT Here we present the new experimental stations devoted to the studies of matter under extreme conditions at the X-ray absorption beamlines BM23 and ID24-DCM that were recently refurbished within the ESRF – Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) upgrade program. In comparison with the stations before the EBS upgrade, they exhibit outstanding performances in terms of sample positioning capabilities, acceptance of multi-detection systems and complex sample environments. In addition, significant improvements regarding the photon flux and focusing capabilities down to the submicron size have been achieved. These stations are now coupled with the new ESRF double crystal monochromators that exhibit an exceptional beam position and energy stability and that permit quick micro-EXAFS measurements down to one EXAFS/second, and hyperspectral EXAFS mapping. In this contribution, we discuss the choices regarding the sample and detector stages and illustrate the potential of the new setups for extreme conditions studies based on selected preliminary results.

Longevity studies for the CMS Drift Tubes towards HL-LHC

The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) program will pose a great challenge for the CMS Muon System. Existing subdetectors, which consist of Drift Tubes (DT), Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) and Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC), will have to operate at 5 times larger instantaneous luminosity than the designed for, and, consequently, will have to sustain about 10 times the original LHC integrated luminosity. Longevity of DT system will be crucial to ensure a good performance in the CMS barrel region. Assessing DT performance is part of the upgrade program. In this talk will be reported the outcome of the accelerated irradiation studies, carried on at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++) and recently concluded. These studies allowed to estimate performance of DT up to 3 times HL-LHC, and to plan a strategy to keep the longevity effects under control.

Program Upgrading Communication Skill Melalui Pelatihan Berpidato Bagi Pelajar Taman AL-Qur’an Hulu Kelang, Malaysia

Community Service Activities or what are called International Real Work Lectures by Darussalam Gontor University students will be held in Malaysia, precisely at the Guidance Studio which the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Malaysia supervises. This activity will be carried out for 10 days starting from March 10 2024 to March 20 2024. This guidance studio was chosen as the location to apply KKN activities because it has students from Indonesia. KKN activities begin with assistance to hone the communication skills of the Guidance Studio children with speech training. Various learning methods and speech training are applied during KKN activities, including providing a pocketbook with a collection of speech texts to make the learning process easier for children. The implementation of the KKN program is carried out in appropriate stages starting from planning, implementation and evaluation after the activity program takes place. Implementing the Communication Skill Upgrading Program is structured and adapted to the needs of the Guidance Studio. It is hoped that the results of this KKN activity will improve communication skills through speech training in three languages, namely Indonesian, English and Arabic.

COMMUNITY SYMPATHY-BASED SLUM SANITATION PLANNING CONCEPT IN BATU BARA DISTRICT, NORTH SUMATERA, INDONESIA

ABSTRACT Slums in the Tanjung Tiram area of Batu Bara Regency are caused by high and uneven population density, limited habitable land and low awareness of environmental conservation among residents. This results in poor environmental sanitation and potentially affects environmental sustainability. The local government is trying to improve this situation through slum upgrading and community empowerment programs. Objectives: This study aims to examine community sympathy for the spatial concept and environmental sanitation improvement programs in Tanjung Tiram neighborhood, as well as the factors that influence it. Methodology and Results: The research method was qualitative with a rationalist approach. The study began with literature analysis and continued with field studies to describe community sympathy in sanitation management, identify patterns of behavior change, and analyze the factors that influence it. Conclusion, Significance, and Implication: The results highlight that the community demonstrated empathy through responsibility and mutual concern for the interests of others, such as involvement in the sanitation improvement process from preparation to monitoring in terms of toilet and bathroom use. Community motivation comes from cadre interventions that provide understanding, increase empathy and responsibility, and strengthen community motivation in sanitation management. Community cooperation and awareness must be increased through community empowerment programs.

Preparing a Journal to be Accredited Nationally by Sinta

Journals, which represent the most recent findings from a particular scientific expertise, are the most visible scientific output for the scientific community. This specialization is also what makes a journal visible to indexers like Sinta. In this case, the Religious Studies Doctoral Study Program at State Islamic University (UIN) of Sunan Gunung Djati (SGD) of Bandung has the Hanifiya Journal following Sinta's standards. Thus, to support improving the quality of management, preparation activities for the Accredited Journal of Sinta are needed. Journal management has unique characteristics for its scientific field. With the unique characteristics of journal governance, the study program-based scientific community is expected to be able to obtain appropriate and detailed knowledge and services regarding study program science. This program of Journal upgrades four essential elements: articles, reviewing, editorial and publication. The targets aimed at the management of this journal are primarily lecturers and study program students, plus journal managers and the Postgraduate Administration of the University. Resource people with appropriate knowledge of the Sinta journal were invited to participate in this project. Additionally, it is customary for visiting writers from various universities to be invited to contribute to the Hanifiya Journal. As a result, each writer and management receives support and ongoing guidance in order to prepare them for Sinta's national journal certification in Indonesia.

Business Intelligence Data-driven Assistant (BIDDA) for MSMEs using Setup Predictive Performance Model

The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) is offering soft loan service under the Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program (SETUP), to assist Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) to avail useful technologies and machineries in order to improve their operations. Low rate of repayments affects the agency’s operations and the government. This paper aimed to create a predictive system analysis to foresee the success of loan repayment in the agency, particularly in SETUP Program. MSMEs may enroll in this program through project proposal, indicating the marketing aspect; technological aspect; and financial aspect of the firm. The DOST evaluates the firm’s positivity and its repayment capability through the abovementioned three aspects. BIDDA aims to determine the significant attributes in the development of data sets of SETUP adopter selection criteria in terms of: a. demographic profile; b. pre-performance business profile; and c. post-performance business profile after S&T intervention. There are also three foundations on the predictive computation for success rate: The Financial which covers the 50%; the Sector which covers the 30%; and the Location which covers the 20% of the total 100% of the success rate. This also helps the MSMEs to determine not only in terms of SETUP program success rate but also in their business success rate. We used Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) machine learning model for the predictive analysis in the BIDDA application.

Модернизация интегратора R0 для вычисления эфемерид астероидов: учет релятивистских и негравитационных эффектов

Currently, there are many tools for calculating the trajectories of asteroids, comets, and meteor particles in the Solar System. However, only a portion of them are available to the astronomical community. Many of them do not always meet the requirements for accuracy and calculation speed. Since there is no universal solution here, the development of new methods that combine speed and accuracy following specific problems of celestial mechanics does not lose its importance. There is an attempt to combine the advantages of two trajectory calculation methods in this work. The first of them was developed at Saint Petersburg State University to quickly calculate the trajectories of a large number of particles and was implemented as a program R0. A significant disadvantage of this R0 realization is relatively low accuracy. The second one is designed to calculate the trajectory with maximum accuracy and is implemented in the form of the ASSIST software package. However, it provides lower performance. One of the reasons is the usage of complex motion equations. Some simplified models are compared with data obtained using NASA services. An assessment of the applicability of the upgraded R0 program is given. However, only part of them are available to the astronomical community. Many of them do not always meet the requirements for accuracy and calculation speed. Since there is no universal solution here, the development of new methods that combine speed and accuracy following specific problems of celestial mechanics does not lose its importance. There is an attempt to combine the advantages of two trajectory calculation methods in this work. The first of them was developed at Saint Petersburg State University to quickly calculate the trajectories of a large number of particles and was implemented as a program R0. A significant disadvantage of this R0 realization is relatively low accuracy. The second one is designed to calculate the trajectory with maximum accuracy and is implemented in the form of the ASSIST software package. However, it provides lower performance. One of the reasons is the usage of complex motion equations. Some simplified models are compared with data obtained using NASA services. An assessment of the applicability of the upgraded R0 program is given.

The readout panels for the BI-RPC project for ATLAS Phase-II upgrade

To take full advantage from the LHC upgrade to high luminosity in 2029, the ATLAS community has approved an intensive detector upgrade program that includes the construction of an additional trigger layer positioned close to the BI MDT chambers of the muon spectrometer. These chambers are RPC with thin gas gap, thin High Pressure Laminate electrodes coated with graphite on one side, and only use strips orthogonal to the beam-axis to reconstruct the eta and phi coordinates of the detector point where an ionizing particle passes. A detailed description of the construction and validation of these strip panels in China and Italy assembly sites, is presented here.

A brief introduction to the Synchrotron SOLEIL and its upgrade programme

A brief introduction to the Synchrotron SOLEIL and its upgrade programme

Optimal Trade‐In and Pricing Strategy under Strategic Consumers and Sequential Innovation

With the growing emphasis on the advancement of the circular economy, companies are investigating various approaches, such as trade‐in strategies, to stimulate consumption and support the circular economy. Although there is a substantial amount of research on trade‐ins, there is a scarcity of multistrategy studies on upgrade programs. In order to address this deficiency, we created four two‐period dynamic game models that utilize strategic consumer and product sequential innovation as the basis for examining company pricing and strategic decision‐making. Our research shows that a single rollover upgrade program can generate significant revenues when there is a high level of product innovation and consumers are strategic in their decision‐making. On the other hand, a dual rollover upgrade program can target a bigger range of customers who are looking to replace their current products. If the product is not highly innovative or strategically important for consumers, the profit advantage of the upgrade program with a single rollover is lost. In such cases, the upgrade program with a dual rollover not only ensures revenue but also helps to increase the size of the customer group who are more willing to replace their products.

Upgrade of ATLAS hadronic Tile Calorimeter for the High Luminosity LHC

The Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) is the hadronic calorimeter covering the central region of the ATLAS experiment. The High-Luminosity phase of LHC, delivering five times the LHC nominal instantaneous luminosity, is expected to start in 2029. TileCal will require new electronics to meet the requirements of a 1 MHz trigger, higher ambient radiation, and to ensure better performance under high pile-up conditions. Both the on- and off-detector TileCal electronics will be replaced during the shutdown of 2026–2028. Approximately 10% of the PMTs, those reading out the most exposed cells, will be replaced. PMT signals from every TileCal cell will be digitized and sent directly to the back-end electronics, where the signals are reconstructed, stored, and sent to the first level of trigger at a rate of 40 MHz. This will provide better precision of the calorimeter signals used by the trigger system and will allow the development of more complex trigger algorithms. The modular front-end electronics feature radiation-tolerant components and redundant design to minimise single points of failure. The timing, control and communication interface with the off-detector electronics is implemented with modern Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and high speed fiber optic links running up to 9.6 Gb/s. The TileCal upgrade program has included extensive R&D and test beam studies. A Demonstrator module equipped with the new electronics but with reverse compatibility with the existing readout system was inserted in ATLAS in 2019 for testing in actual detector conditions. The status of the various components and the results of test-beam campaigns with the electronics prototypes will be discussed.

Synergistic Municipal-community partnership: Resolving Challenges in the Implementation of the National Slum Upgrading Program (KOTAKU) in Gajah Wong Riverbank Area, Yogyakarta

The successful resolution of challenges faced during the implementation of the National Slum Upgrading (KOTAKU) Program in Gajah Wong Riverbank area, marked by initial resistance from affected communities, was achieved through the inclusive engagement of diverse community elements and collaborating agencies. This intricate interplay among stakeholders has a profound influence on the program’s effectiveness. This study aims to unravel the dynamic relationships forged among various agencies and community components within the conflict management framework, ultimately enhancing program implementation. To attain this objective, a qualitative methodology employing a case study approach was utilized. The investigation revealed that the local government, in executing the National Slum Upgrading (KOTAKU), fostered collaboration with other governmental entities through a synergistic alignment of related programs. Reinforcing the program through the utilization of complementary initiatives contributed to achieving program objectives without resource constraints. The synergy among agencies was bolstered by optimizing existing social institutions within the community as active program implementers. This, in turn, positively influenced the processes of identification, socialization, and coordination, ensuring their effectiveness. Furthermore, the active involvement of the local community played a pivotal role in addressing challenges and overcoming initial resistance. The application of a persuasive socialization model effectively conveyed the program’s significance in improving the residents’ welfare, thereby fostering acceptance. This collaborative pattern depicts a synergistic model aligning policy maker interests with community needs, characterized by a continuous spectrum of participation and empowerment.

ENGLISH TEACHERS' ABILITY IN WRITING JOURNAL ARTICLES IN THE INDONESIAN LANGUAGE

<em>This research was conducted to study the language skills of English teachers of senior high schools in Sragen Regency in composing a journal article for publication in Bahasa Indonesia. This is aimed to see the quality of Bahasa Indonesia skills of the teachers in the article even though they have an English education background and they are English teachers at present. Members of the High School English Teachers Association in the regency were involved in the research. A questionnaire consisting of 45 statements was distributed to the teachers. They were asked to give responses and then the collected responses were analysed to see their language quality related to the process of article production. Furthermore, they were also asked to write a journal article in Bahasa Indonesia, and the collected manuscripts were then analysed for their text structure and text texture. The results show that they do not have good knowledge and language skills in identifying as well as producing texts of certain types. Furthermore, they also got problems positioning what type of text to which part of a journal article. This condition indicates that the teachers still need an upgrading program for their language skills to compose a journal article, and in addition, they need others to give a hand during the process of article writing</em>

Performance evaluation of rural water environment governance based on AHP: a case study of the Beitang River Basin.

Rural water environment governance in China still lacks a systematic and comprehensive assessment protocol to help analyze and improve such governance performance. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was employed in this study to build a governance assessment system that integrates ecological conditions, water pollution control, and public satisfaction. To cover these topics, the assessment system is composed of an indicator layer that is customized to rural water environment governance in China. The Beitang River, located in the rural region of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, was presented as a case study. Field investigation provided raw data for this assessment. A questionnaire survey was conducted to interview local residents on the governance performance. An additional survey with executives who played major roles in the governance was performed to reconstruct a water environment assessment on the Beitang River prior to the governance, in order to highlight the effects of the governance through contrast. The results showed consistency in the questionnaire survey and the assessment system. The AHP assessment system was able to reflect the improvement in the water quality, river ecology, and residential welfare after the governance, and suggested limits and future directions in the following upgrade programs for the river basin.

Preliminary simulations of SISSI infrared beamline at Elettra 2.0 diffraction limited storage ring

The broadband nature of IRSR, together with the superior flux and higher brilliance are the key points of IR beamline scientific programs in 3rd generation SR rings. However, it is also well-established that the extraction of IRSR radiation from a bending magnet in the next-generation Diffraction Limited Storage Rings is a challenging task. The Elettra 3rd generation storage ring in Trieste (Italy) is implementing its upgrade program to Elettra 2.0 DLSR, the design of which offers the possibility of a suitable extraction port for IR light, with comparable extraction angles with respect to the present SISSI beamline. In this contribution we will present the results of the preliminary simulations run in Synchrotron Radiation Workshop on the expected performances of SISSI in Elettra 2.0. Considering the spatial constrains and the magnetic layout, also introduced here, two options for the IRSR source will be considered and benchmarked with the current SISSI beamline.

Dose Rate Assessment Around the PCFV Release Line During Severe Accident Conditions in Nuclear Power Plant Krsko

Abstract Passive containment filtered vent (PCFV) was installed in Nuclear Power Plant Krsko (NEK) in 2013 as part of the safety upgrade program. It is intended for severe accident consequences prevention and mitigation by ensuring the containment integrity. When the pressure in the containment reaches limiting value, containment atmosphere is released into the environment through the PCFV system exhaust line. But, before release in the environment, the containment atmosphere passes through five aerosol filters in the containment and one iodine filter in the auxiliary building (AB) to reduce isotopic activity. In this paper, dose rates around the exhaust line of the PCFV system resulting from radioactivity release in case of a severe accident were determined in a four-step methodology. The assumed severe accident scenario is a beyond design basis accident station blackout (SBO) in NEK, which was simulated using the MELCOR code. Its results were input for the radionuclide transport and removal and dose estimation (RADTRAD) radiological calculations to obtain the activities released in the containment. These activities were then transformed into the gamma source intensity and spectrum using the ORIGEN-S libraries. This form of the source term is required for Monte Carlo calculations which were performed using the MCNP6.2. Two Monte Carlo calculations were performed. One for which the radiation source was modeled to emanate from the containment atmosphere and the other from the PCFV duct fluid. The main reason for the calculation was to assess limiting dose rates around PCFV duct (radiation monitor location) during actuation after severe accident. That is why the model is simple and conservative. The other task was to demonstrate that this location is not suitable for longer personnel presence in case of equipment failure during the PCFV actuation. Due to conservative assumptions, predicted dose rates are the highest expected at that location for any severe accident scenario.

An overview of slum upgrading programs in developing countries: Case study in Indonesia

An overview of slum upgrading programs in developing countries: Case study in Indonesia