Upgraded System Research Articles

Long-term follow-up of single-chamber atrial pacing - system upgrade and wenckebach block point behavior: potential implications for leadless AAI pacing?

Abstract Introduction Until recently leadless pacemakers (PM) did not support atrial pacing. A novel dual chamber leadless PM system now provides treatment option for a wide range of indications. Single-chamber atrial stimulation (AAI) for the treatment of symptomatic sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is scarcely used due to concerns about the potential development of atrioventricular block (AVB) and development of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Long-term follow-up data of AAI-PM is however scarce. Little is known about the role of serial Wenckebach block point (WBP) measurements in AAI-PM patients for risk stratification. Purpose To assess the incidence of dual chamber upgrade of patients treated with AAI-PM for SSS during long-term follow-up and to investigate the role of serial WBP measurements for risk stratification. Methods Prospectively enrolled patients undergoing implantation of an AAI-PM between October 2002 and December 2023. WBP was measured at implantation and serially during follow up. Results We included a total of 178 patients, of which 58% were female and the median age at implantation was 78 [IQR 71 – 83] years. The median follow-up duration was 6.5 [IQR 2.0 – 9.7] years. 24 patients (13.5%) received a system upgrade to DDD including 3 patients (1.7%) with a mode change to ventricular pacing only (VVI). Adjusted for years of follow-up the upgrade rate was 2.1% per year. Median time to system upgrade was 5.2 [IQR 1.6 – 8.7] years. Reasons for system upgrade were high-degree AVB (38%), low WBP (17%), atrial arrhythmias (33%), unclear syncope (8%) and infection (4%). Median WBP at implantation was 130 [120 – 140] bpm, showing a significant decline over time in the upgrade-group with 105 [95 – 130] bpm compared to the rest of the cohort with 130 [120-130] bpm (p = 0.009). A decline in WBP >20 bpm was found in 17.9% patients and a decline of 10-20 bpm in 33.7% of patients. New-onset atrial arrythmias were found in 36 patients (20%), 29% in the upgrade group and 19% in the rest of the cohort (p = 0.3). Neither age at implantation, sex, WBP at implantation, nor atrial arrhythmia prior to implantation were predictive for the need of a future system upgrade. Conclusion In this cohort of patients undergoing AAI-PM implantation for SSS, a system upgrade was required in 2% per year. The WBP remained stable in 48% of patients. Therefore, AAI-PM due to SSS emerges as a judicious and secure therapeutic modality, warranting increased consideration in the light of new treatment options for leadless pacing.

Economic evaluation of kinetic energy storage systems as key technology of reliable power grids.

In recent years, energy-storage systems have become increasingly important, particularly in the context of increasing efforts to mitigate the impacts of climate change associated with the use of conventional energy sources. Renewable energy sources are an environmentally friendly source of energy, but by their very nature, they are not able to supply the required amount of energy in a uniform distribution. This study evaluated the economic efficiency of short-term electrical energy storage technology based on the principle of high-speed flywheel mechanism using vacuum with the help of an innovative approach based on life cycle cost analysis (LCC). The innovative potential of high-speed flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) can be seen in increasing the reliability of the electricity transmission system with the possibility of providing control power to compensate for residual loads caused by volatile renewable power sources and power sinks. Based on the research conducted, the LCC method was selected in this study as the most appropriate method to evaluate the economic efficiency of a high-speed FESS used to compensate for short-term fluctuations in an upgraded electric transmission system. As a result, the adjusted LCC per MWh values were compared with the average intra-hour margin realisable in the Intra-Day OTE Market, while the margin calculation also considered the efficiency of the inertial storage. Under the modelled technical and economic conditions, it was found that a high-speed FESS project that can compensate for short-term fluctuations in the electricity transmission system can be economically efficient in the Czech Republic.

Optimizing in-situ upgrading of heavy crude oil via catalytic aquathermolysis using a novel graphene oxide-copper zinc ferrite nanocomposite as a catalyst

Unconventional resources, such as heavy oil, are increasingly being explored and exploited due to the declining availability of conventional petroleum resources. Heavy crude oil poses challenges in production, transportation, and refining, due to its high viscosity, low API gravity, and elevated sulfur and metal content. Improving the quality of heavy oil can be achieved through the application of steam injection, which lowers the oil’s viscosity and enhances its flow. However, steam injection alone falls short of meeting the growing demand for higher-quality petroleum products. Catalytic upgrading is therefore being investigated as a viable solution to improve heavy oil quality. This study experimentally investigates the application of two novel catalysts, namely copper-substituted zinc ferrite (ZCFO) synthesized via the sol–gel combustion method and a graphene oxide-based nanocomposite (GO-ZCFO) with different ratios, for catalyzing aquathermolysis reactions in the steam injection process, with the aim of enhancing the in-situ upgrading of heavy oil. These catalysts underwent characterization using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Their catalytic performance was assessed utilizing a high-pressure/high-temperature reactor (300 ml), with a comprehensive analysis of the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the heavy oil before and after upgrading. This analysis included measurements of sulfur content, SARA fractions, viscosity, API gravity, and Gas Chromatography (GC) of saturated hydrocarbons and evolved gases. All upgrading experiments, including both catalytic and non-catalytic aquathermolysis processes, were conducted under a reaction time of 6 h, a reaction temperature of 320 °C, and high pressure (86–112 bar). The results indicated that the introduction of the proposed catalysts as additives into the upgrading system resulted in a significant reduction in sulfur content. This, in turn, led to a decrease in resin and asphaltene content, an increase in the content of saturated hydrocarbon, particularly low-molecular-weight alkanes, and ultimately, a reduction in viscosity along with higher API gravity of the crude oil. GO-ZCFO with a weight ratio (50:50) exhibited the best catalytic performance. The heavy crude oil, upgraded with this 50:50 ratio, exhibited significant enhancements, including a 29.26% reduction in sulfur content, a 21.27% decrease in resin content, a 37.60% decrease in asphaltene content, a 46.92% increase in saturated hydrocarbon content, a 66.48% reduction in viscosity, and a 25.49% increase in API gravity. In comparison, the oil upgraded through non-catalytic aquathermolysis showed only marginal improvements, with slight reductions in sulfur content by 5.41%, resin content by 3.60%, asphaltene content by 11.36%, viscosity by 17.89%, and inconsiderable increases in saturated hydrocarbon content by 9.9% and API gravity by 3.02%. The GO-ZCFO, with its high catalytic activity, stands as a promising catalyst that contributes to improving the in-situ upgrading and thermal conversion of heavy crude oil.

The Current Status of Digital Currency Development in China

Abstract: Digital currencies, as innovative products in the field of financial technology, are characterized by their decentralized structure and strong encryption based on blockchain and other technologies. Although your mention of relying on local area networks may be a bit of a misnomer in the broad sense, as the operation of digital currencies relies more broadly on the Internet rather than a single local area network, the concepts of digital encryption and decentralization it emphasizes are accurate. Legal digital currencies, such as the Digital Currency Electronic Payment (DCEP) issued by the People's Bank of China, represent a milestone in this field. They not only integrate the security and transparency of blockchain technology but also achieve a perfect combination of controllable anonymity and legal tender status through the deep integration of the generalized account system with the banking system. The issuance of DCEP marks an important step forward for China in the field of digital currencies and is expected to have a profound impact on the financial market, promoting the modernization and upgrading of the payment system, enhancing transaction efficiency and security, and at the same time, providing the public with more convenient and secure payment options, further integrating into and changing people's daily lifestyles.

Intelligent Connected Vehicle Information Security Risks and Countermeasures

The development of intelligent connected vehicles has promoted the upgrading of the transportation system, but it also brings challenges in information security. This paper analyzes the current information security vulnerabilities of intelligent connected vehicles, including attack methods, security vulnerabilities, and protective measures. Firstly, through the analysis of the existing attack methods and their principles, the potential security vulnerabilities and threats are summarized. Then, based on security and cryptography technology, relevant measures for information security protection are proposed to achieve all-round protection of intelligent connected vehicle information. Finally, The paper puts forward the measures to solve the information security problem of intelligent connected vehicle from three aspects: Encryption and Authentication, Firewall and Intrusion Detection System, and Over-the-air (OTA).

Deep Integration Between Polarimetric Forward-Transmission Fiber-Optic Communication and Distributed Sensing Systems

The structural health of fiber-optic communication networks has become increasingly important due to their widespread deployment and reliance in interconnected cities. We demonstrate a smart upgrade of a communication system employing a dual-polarization-state polarization shift keying (2-PolSK) modulation format to enable distributed vibration monitoring. Sensing can be conducted without hardware changes or occupying additional communication bandwidth. Experimental results demonstrate that forward transmission-based distributed vibration sensing can coexist with PolSK data transmission without significant deterioration in performance. This proof-of-concept study achieved a sensitivity of 0.4141 μV/με with a limit of detection (LoD) of 563 pε/Hz1/2@100 Hz. The single-span sensing distance can reach up to 121 km (no optical amplification) with a positioning accuracy as small as 874 m. The transmission rate is 300 Mb/s, the QdB is 16.78 dB, and the corresponding BER is 5.202 × 10−12. For demonstration purposes, the tested vibration frequency range is between 100 and 200 Hz.

Performance of 3D trench silicon pixel sensors irradiated up to [formula omitted]

Tracking particles at extreme fluences requires the accurate measurement of the charged particle timing at the pixel level in order to cope with the increased occupancy of HL-LHC experiments. Maintaining this precision throughout the operational life of the detector is crucial. This work demonstrates that the 55×55μm2 wide 150μm thick 3D trench-type pixels, developed by the TimeSPOT Collaboration, maintain the performance of non-irradiated sensors even after exposure to fluences as high as 1⋅10171MeVneqcm−2. The preliminary results of a beam test characterization using minimum ionizing particles at the SPS North area beam facility reveal that the charge collection and the time resolution of the irradiated sensors are comparable to those of non-irradiated ones, by increasing the operational bias voltage. A minor reduction in detection efficiency, approximately 4%, is observed post-irradiation. Currently, 3D trench-type pixels are among the fastest pixel detectors available for tracking charged particles and hold significant promise for future tracking system upgrades. This preliminary evaluation suggests their suitability for use in even harsher radiation environments than High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) such as future experiments at the Future Circular Hadron Collider (FCC-hh).

Upgrade of the CMS muon system

This contribution illustrates the four different detector technologies used in the muon spectrometer of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment, installed on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and their future upgrades. These have the aim to cope with the scheduled increase of instantaneous luminosity of the LHC in the so-called High-Luminosity LHC phase. CMS Collab. [J. Instrum. 3, S08004 (2008), doi:10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08004].

Preventing Overrides of Severe Drug Allergy Alerts Initiative: an Implemented System Upgrade

Administering medications to patients with documented drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) poses a significant risk for adverse events, ranging from mild reactions to life-threatening incidents. Electronic healthcare systems have revolutionized the modern clinical decision-making process, with built in warnings. However, as these alerts become a routine part of healthcare provider’s workflow, alert fatigue becomes a challenge. This study was conducted within the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), a government healthcare system in Saudi Arabia. A taskforce of experts was formed to develop an electronic path that would prevent unintentional overrides of severe drug allergy alerts. The system underwent rigorous testing, and monitoring parameters were established. We outline the implementation of a system upgrade designed to trigger an alternative interruption in the computerized physician order entry (CPOE) process, distinct from the regular allergy pop-up alerts. The alternate path is activated upon a CPOE with a drug-to-drug match and a documented severe drug allergy symptom, necessitating co-signature form another prescriber before proceeding. The adopted upgrade is a proactive approach to enhance medication safety in electronic healthcare systems, ensuring that serious allergy-related warnings are not overridden, ultimately enhancing patient safety. Further monitoring will confirm the safety and effectiveness of this measure. This study provides a model for institutions seeking to prevent allergy-related harm within their patient population.

Minimizing Business Disruption During Enterprise End-Point OS Upgrade while Maintaining a Robust Security Posture

The deployment of a major end-point operating system (OS) upgrade presents significant challenges for enterprise organizations, requiring a comprehensive strategy to minimize business disruption and maintain a robust security posture. Beyond the operational complexities of managing user productivity and application compatibility, organizations must also proactively address the critical security risks associated with such large-scale technology transitions. Cybercriminals often target organizations undergoing major IT changes, seeking to exploit vulnerabilities that may arise due to shifts in the OS architecture, user workflows, and security controls. This paper outlines practical strategies for executing successful OS upgrade projects that balance operational resilience and cyber risk management. Key focus areas include proactive management of end-point security, comprehensive contingency planning and rollback procedures, strategies to sustain productivity and business continuity, effective end-user training and communication, and valuable insights into the next- generation OS deployment. By focusing on these critical aspects, organizations can navigate major OS upgrade initiatives while preserving vigorous business operations, enhancing end-user experience, and safeguarding sensitive data and systems from costly security incidents.

Approach to Validate ISPM-15 Compliance for Commercial Treatment Certification of Dielectric Standard Heating of Bulk Solid Wood Packing Materials using Radio Frequency

Abstract To substantially reduce the risk of alien invasive species moving to new geographic areas, phytosanitary treatment of wood packaging materials (WPM) in compliance with the International Standard of Phytosanitary Measures No. 15 (ISPM-15) is required by trading partners. Approved treatments include conventional heating, methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride fumigation, and dielectric heating (DH). The DH standard was officially adopted in 2013 but has not been practiced commercially due primarily to insufficient operational validation at commercial scale. In 2022, we converted our 50-kW radio frequency (RF) unit with a 1,200-board foot capacity from an oscillator electromagnetic field power generator to a solid-state power supply, which allows for selective power input adjustments during treatment; we also switched from a five-plate to a three-plate winged electrode system to improve heating uniformity. Each loading cycle can treat sufficient material to build ∼94 standard Grocery Manufacturers Association pallets. Our research team characterized the dielectric heating pattern and options for monitoring wood temperatures over a wide-ranging test matrix of WPM that varied by wood species, dimension, moisture content, and loading configuration. We found that this upgraded RF system markedly reduced treatment times and improved heating uniformity, allowing us to develop methods that can be used to verify compliance with ISPM-15 for improved technology transfer to industry. We also discuss the operational cost of RF treatment and make general cost comparisons to conventional heat treatment for WPM.

Investigation of a novel combined ab- and ad- sorption based thermal energy storage and upgrade system

This paper presents a novel sorption-based cycle combining energy storage with energy upgrade to store low-grade heat for long periods and transform it on demand to usable energy at elevated temperatures. The system consists of an ammonia-water absorption system coupled to a resorption thermal transformer using manganese chloride and calcium chloride as the working pair with an ammonia absorbate. The absorption and adsorption systems are charged by separating the constituent sorbent-sorbate pairs, and they remain separated during the transition season. The discharge consists of a two-stage sorption process between the two systems. This work presents a transient thermodynamic model and analysis of the two-stage sorption system. For a typical solar thermal energy input of 106 °C during charging, and ambient temperatures of 5 °C and 25 °C in the winter and summer, respectively, the system is capable of discharging at an average elevated temperature of 62 °C with an energy storage efficiency of 27 %. This system is capable of simultaneously producing heat at a lower temperature by varying the mass flow rate through the high-temperature salt. The energy storage density of the combined system under different conditions is between 71 and 185 kJ kg−1. In comparison with other conventional single-stage thermal energy storage systems, this combination of absorption and adsorption-based storage provides a higher coefficient of performance for a comparable temperature output.

A low heat release cladding pump coupler

Few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (FM-EDFAs) have opened up the possibility of realizing the next generation of high-capacity, high-rate communication systems. However, the leakage of pump light during continuous operation of the FM-EDFA is likely to cause the temperature of the cladding pump coupler to be too high and thus destabilize the amplifier. In this work, a low heat release cladding pump coupler was designed and the corresponding FM-EDFA was constructed. The cladding pump coupler in the 8 hours of continuous operation of the FM-EDFA is at 27.8 °C for maximum, 23.7 °C for minimum, and 26 °C for average temperatures, respectively, which are in a low-temperature safe transmission state. The FM-EDFA performance test was performed on this basis, and the results show that when the input pump power is 7 W, the maximum gain fluctuation of each mode of FM-EDFA at 1550 nm in 0∼8 hours is only 1.5 dB, the gain of all modes is greater than 23 dB and the differential mode gain (DMG) is less than 2 dB. In addition, the FM-EDFA still has good performance in the C-band after 8 hours of continuous operation. The gain for all modes is greater than 21 dB, DMG is less than 2 dB, and wavelength flatness is 3.6 dB. The low heat release cladding pump coupler is conducive to the stable amplification transmission of FM-EDFA, which is of great significance to achieving the upgrading and expansion of the communication system.

Analyzing the Influence of Electric Vehicle Charging Scheduling on Distribution Transformer Lifespan

The ongoing growth in global electricity demand and rapid proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) are posing challenges to the operation of the low voltage power networks and their components. This study aims to analyze the peak-load impacts on the distribution transformers, considering mild and extreme combinations of electric energy demand and localized charging of plug-in EVs under their different penetration levels, hypothesizing that shifting the demand for charging throughout the day can reduce the aging of distribution transformers. The proposed method employs a fuzzy-logic-based tool, which incorporates the influence of ambient temperature, higher harmonics, reactive power compensation, reverse power flows, and overload. Three different charging/discharging modes have been considered: demand charging, off-peak charging, and synergy of off-peak charging and vehicle-to-house technology. The results indicate that off-peak charging emerges as 2.1 times more effective than demand charging in terms of the transformer's loss of life, particularly for ultimate EV penetration of 100%. It is demonstrated that the utilization of charging scheduling for EVs should be prioritized to mitigate the need for costly system upgrades and reinforcements, especially when EV penetration levels exceed 50%.

Distributed battery energy storage systems for deferring distribution network reinforcements under sustained load growth scenarios

Energy storage systems can be leveraged in electricity distribution network planning as mitigation alternatives to traditional grid reinforcements if they are strategically installed and operated to reduce congestion and voltage limit violations. This paper examines the technical and economic viability of distributed battery energy storage systems owned by the system operator as an alternative to distribution network reinforcements. The case study analyzes the installation of battery energy storage systems in a real 500-bus Spanish medium voltage grid under sustained load growth scenarios. The results show that, in general, dedicated battery energy storage systems are only a cost-efficient alternative in distribution system planning under very specific conditions, such as when low load growth rates are expected. Nevertheless, they are only required for peak shaving a few days per year. For the analyzed case study, the recoverable portion of their total cost through deferral of distribution system upgrades is higher than the fraction of cycles required for peak shaving under all sustained load growth scenarios. Therefore, it is also explored if mobile battery energy storage systems, capital grants, and revenue stacking can enable battery energy storage systems to become an efficient distribution system planning alternative.

Usage of Technologies: Essential in Leading to Up-gradation of overall System of Education

In educational institutions of all levels, all the members, irrespective of their job positions in the hierarchy are making use of various types of technologies. The individuals in leadership positions, administrative staff members, technical assistants, librarians, educators and students are making use of various types of technologies. As a consequence of making use of these, the job duties and responsibilities can be put into operation in a well-organized and satisfactory manner. The internet is a prominent source that is utilized on a comprehensive basis. Hence, the utilization of different types of technologies is regarded as vital in doing well in one’s job duties and generating desired outcomes. Furthermore, these are facilitating in leading to up-gradation of overall system of education. Hence, in order to be successful, it is necessary to acquire an efficient understanding of all types of technologies. Furthermore, one will be able to lead to up-gradation of motivation and concentration levels towards tasks and activities. In addition, honing of confidence levels is essential in doing well in one’s job duties and generating desired outcomes. One of the important aspects is, individuals should not be overwhelmed by the feelings of apprehensiveness and vulnerability. In this manner, they will be able to overcome all types of impediments. Therefore, it is well-understood, usage of technologies is essential in leading to up-gradation of overall system of education. The main concepts that are taken into account in this research paper are, understanding the meaning and significance of usage of technologies, understanding the technologies utilized in educational institutions and benefits of technologies.

Designing an Online Sales System Using a Website

The rapid advancement of technology has significantly influenced the business landscape, pushing traditional businesses to adopt digital platforms to reach broader markets. This research focuses on the design and development of an online sales system (e-commerce) for Coffe ShopSipirok, a coffee shop looking to expand its market presence through a dedicated website. The e-commerce system is designed to enhance customer convenience, streamline purchasing processes, and provide detailed product information, ultimately aiming to increase sales and customer satisfaction. The development process includes requirements analysis, system design, implementation, and testing to ensure the website meets user needs and functions efficiently. The website features a user-friendly interface, secure payment gateway, and a responsive design adaptable to various devices. The implementation of this system not only improves the accessibility of Coffe Shop Sipirok's products but also positions the business competitively within the digital marketplace. Future work will involve continuous system upgrades and integration with advanced features such as customer feedback mechanisms and data analytics to further optimize the online shopping experience.

Enhanced degradation of micropollutants using In situ electrogenerated sulfate radical at high flux

The degradation of micropollutants via in situ-generated reactive species from coexisting substances in water is a promising approach for advanced water treatment. However, treatment efficiency and practical applications are hindered by limited operation conditions and prohibitive costs, respectively. Herein, we report an upgraded electrochemical filtration system that is chemical-free and made efficient by achieving in situ SO4•– generation at enhanced flux and in complicated water matrices. The ion transport was enhanced by coupled electric and flow fields, providing an outstanding performance in removing micropollutants. At the optimized conditions, the proposed system degraded 90.5% of bisphenol A (BPA) in 40 min and its degradation kinetics was 14.7 times that of the batch mode, and the treatment efficiency of the proposed system was 2.5 times more efficient than our previous design because of the enhanced flux. Quenching experiments indicate that indirect oxidation by SO4•– and •OH as well as direct electron transfer play critical roles during the BPA degradation. Importantly, the proposed system does not need any added chemicals and uses only the ubiquitous SO42− and electricity. From an environmental point of view, its energy conservation and the lack of additional chemicals ensure its applicability for purifying micropollutants.

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS FOR ACCOUNTING IN-FORMATION SYSTEM PRACTICE: A STUDY ON SOME SELECT-ED READY-MADE GARMENTS FACTORIES OF CHATTOGRAM IN BANGLADESH

In today's rapidly evolving global business environment, implementing Accounting Information Systems (AIS) effectively is essential for improving financial reporting accuracy and operational efficiency. Despite its importance, the relationship between AIS practices and organizational effectiveness remains insufficiently explored, particularly within Bangladesh's ready-made garments (RMG) industry. This study aims to examine the impact of AIS on organizational effectiveness within the RMG sector of Chattogram, Bangladesh. Data were collected from 400 respondents using a purposive sampling method, with responses measured on a five-point Likert scale. The study evaluated AIS across multiple dimensions, including financial reporting accuracy, timeliness of decision-making, data security, ease of accessibility, regulatory compliance, and user satisfaction. Organizational effectiveness was assessed in terms of cost efficiency, integration with other systems, decision support, adaptability to change, training and support, innovation, and system upgrades. Factor analysis was performed to validate the data, and reliability was tested through Cronbach's Alpha. A structural equation model (SEM) was developed using IBM SPSS AMOS 22 to analyze the relationship between AIS and organizational effectiveness, ensuring that the model met convergent and discriminant validity requirements. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between AIS practices and organizational effectiveness. AIS contributed to improved decision-making, enhanced financial reporting accuracy, streamlined operational processes, and greater overall efficiency. These findings underscore AIS's crucial role in promoting organizational success within the RMG sector, highlighting its potential to boost performance, productivity, and overall effectiveness.

A case report of system configuration issue in medical imaging due to system upgrade- changes in hardware and software.

Although the rapid growth in the efficiency of medical imaging is undeniable, the expansion of health information technology (HIT) into medical imaging has not been as seamless or well-integrated as it was thought to be. The socio-technical complexities in medical imaging associated with HIT systems can cause risks to patient harm and inconvenience, both individually and collectively, often in new, unforeseen, and unexpected ways. This study reflects a retrospectively collected single incident report related to medical imaging HIT systems, aiming to develop a set of preventive and corrective strategies. A combination of multiple deductive approaches (existing frameworks), i.e., HIT Classification Systems and 18-step medical imaging process workflow and inductive method (content analysis), were used to analyze the incident. The incident was identified as a "system configuration"-related software issue, contributed by system upgrade- changes in hardware and software. The incident was determined to occur during steps 10-12, i.e., "study selection and retrieval," "calling up of patient's referral," and "image review and interpretation," causing severe disruptions in the clinical workflow for several weeks. We propose 16 preventive and corrective strategies grouped under four key areas based on the socio-technical aspects associated with HIT systems. The key areas are (i) preparation and integration for upgraded systems, (ii) training for medical imaging specialists, (iii) contingency planning/immediate backup system, and (iv) system design and configuration. These strategies are expected to help healthcare staff, analysts, reporters, researchers, and relevant stakeholders improve care delivery and patient safety in medical imaging in the context of any system upgrades.