Upgraded Method Research Articles

Predictive machine learning and data acquisition for power quality improvement in facts devices with optimum power flow control based on cross difference progression and coordination examining algorithm

Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) present a decision to issue trouble relief for over-extended electric power transmission lines as a result of optimal power flow (OPF) by controlling. To keep away from conventional impacts among a few gadgets placed in a similar grid, an organized control is fundamental. To defeat the issues which happen in optimal power flow to actualize the cross difference progression and coordination inspects strategy, a supervisory controller giving difference progression power flow with numerous destinations is acquired for avoiding congestion, it gives secure transmission and farthest point dynamic power misfortunes. There is no information on gadgets that have been defined in this systematic control of Thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) and Thyristor controlled phase shifting Transformer (TCPST), static VAR compensator (SVC), all of these compensators providing efficient improvements and situations are described. Different optimization techniques are used as a part of the character to deal with the problem of OPF. In some experimental works, the upgrade method is used for finding out all of the fuel costs or the environmental pollution that occurs during the generation of energy. However, in some further research actions, FACTS controlled devices are used to develop the flow of electricity without considering the cost of electricity generation. While a specific end goal of using the FACTS control devices is to help optimize the congestion in the power system, it also aggregates the power loss which enhances the load capacity of the structure. The FACTS and its practical limitations are executed into the IEEE 30-bus test power framework and customized utilizing the Cross Difference Progression and Coordination Examining (CDP&CE) algorithm with MATLAB and the outcomes are given. Here, IoT-based data analytics is defined as the process, which is used to examine varied data from the bus system using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method, the results of which help to take the necessary decisions. The effect of FACTS gadgets is implemented on standard IEEE-30 transmission framework with supporting numerical outcomes by utilizing MATLAB Software.

BASIC PLASMA FEATURES OF PLANAR JET FORMED BY CAPACITIVE RF DISCHARGE IN ATMOSPHERE PRESSURE ARGON

Upgraded method of determining basic parameters of weakly ionized plasma by means of photometric study of bremsstrahlung emission continuum in visible spectrum range is described. Time-averaged spatial distributions of electron temperature and density in planar plasma jet formed by capacitive RF discharge in atmosphere pressure argon at the discharge glow in a low-current α-mode are experimentally obtained.

New scents from bio-renewable cis-jasmone by aerobic palladium catalyzed oxidations

The palladium catalyzed oxidation is a versatile method for upgrading of cis-jasmone, a main aroma constituent of jasmine essential oil. Although both olefinic bonds in cis-jasmone are sterically hindered, the substrate has demonstrated a remarkable reactivity in Wacker type oxidations. Depending on the catalyst and the solvent, reactions can be directed to either allylic oxidation or ketone products. The oxidation in acetic acid solutions with a chloride-free Pd(OAc)2/p-benzoquinone catalyst gave with high selectivity an allylic acetate. An efficient oxygen-couple catalytic turnover can be achieved either under atmospheric pressure with catalytic amounts of Cu(OAc)2 to promote the regeneration of p-benzoquinone or at 5–10 at m of oxygen in the absence of any auxiliary co-catalyst. Alternatively, cis-jasmone can be oxidized to ketone products in aqueous dimethylacetamide solutions using molecular oxygen as a final oxidant and PdCl2 as a sole catalyst. Poly-functionalized jasmonoids obtained are potentially useful as components of perfumes and cosmetics.

P‐89: Development of Waveguide Liquid Crystal Display for Transparent Display Applications

Waveguide liquid crystal display (WLCD) is a newly developed transparent display technology. Since polarizers and color filters are not necessary for the WLCD, high transparency is easily reached. Meanwhile, owing to the fast response time, field sequential color (FSC) can be applied to realize full color display. In this work, by optimizing materials and process conditions, we obtained lower driving voltage and higher contrast ratio than previously reported. These enhanced characteristics provide the possibility for designing larger size panel. Finally, we have developed an 8 inch full color transparent WLCD prototype and discussed the upgrading methods to improve brightness uniformity.

Effect of pyrolysis upgrading temperature on particulate matter emissions from lignite semi-char combustion

Low-temperature pyrolysis is one of the most promising methods for lignite upgrading and staged utilization, however, its effect on particulate matter emissions from the combustion of upgrad lignite has not been reported before. In this paper, Xilin Gol lignite was pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed reactor at 250–550 °C, the produced semi-char was characterized, and then burned in a drop tube furnace at 1300 °C. Particulate matter emissions from lignite semi-char combustion are collected and measured passing through a 13-stage impactor. Results show that the particulate matter emissions of lignite combustion can be significantly affected through the change of fuel properties by low-temperature pyrolysis upgrading. In the studied pyrolysis temperature range, the most drastic devolatilization, fragmentation, porous structure development, and removal of reactive functional group occur at about 350 °C, when the produced semi-char has the highest combustion reactivity. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, both emissions of particulate matter <0.5 μm and particulate matter in the range of 0.5–10 μm first decrease and then increase. Pyrolysis upgrading significantly reduces the emissions of particulate matter <0.5 μm from lignite combustion, and the combustion of semi-char produced at 350 °C has the lowest emissions of particulate matter <0.5 μm. The lowest emissions of particulate matter in the range of 0.5–10 μm are obtained from the combustion of semi-char produced at 250 °C. In particulate matter emissions from semi-char combustion, the ultrafine particles <100 nm are rich in sulfur, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus and ferrum while the coarse ones are rich in silicon and aluminum. The influencing mechanism of pyrolysis temperature on particulate matter emissions is complicated and includes many factors, requiring further study. This study indicates that low-temperature pyrolysis upgrading is efficient to control particulate matter emissions from lignite combustion.

Conceptual Design of Pyrolytic Oil Upgrading Process Enhanced by Membrane-Integrated Hydrogen Production System

Hydrotreatment is an efficient method for pyrolytic oil upgrading; however, the trade-off between the operational cost on hydrogen consumption and process profit remains the major challenge for the process designs. In this study, an integrated process of steam methane reforming and pyrolytic oil hydrotreating with gas separation system was proposed conceptually. The integrated process utilized steam methane reformer to produce raw syngas without further water–gas-shifting; with the aid of a membrane unit, the hydrogen concentration in the syngas was adjusted, which substituted the water–gas-shift reactor and improved the performance of hydrotreater on both conversion and hydrogen consumption. A simulation framework for unit operations was developed for process designs through which the dissipated flow in the packed-bed reactor, along with membrane gas separation unit were modeled and calculated in the commercial process simulator. The evaluation results showed that, the proposed process could achieve 63.7% conversion with 2.0 wt% hydrogen consumption; the evaluations of economics showed that the proposed process could achieve 70% higher net profit compared to the conventional plant, indicating the potentials of the integrated pyrolytic oil upgrading process.

Upgraded Whale Optimization Algorithm for fuzzy logic based vibration control of nonlinear steel structure

In the case of controlling the seismic vibration of a structure, reliance on human knowledge and expert in the formulation of a fuzzy logic controller leads to non-optimal solutions, which makes the use of control devices and algorithm unreasonable. In most cases, the calculated control force for high-rise buildings is very large and the controlled response of the structure is not significantly decreased. To overcome these drawbacks, the parameter tuning of fuzzy systems with optimization algorithms are necessary. This paper focuses on the optimization of a fuzzy controller applied to a seismically excited nonlinear steel building. In the majority of cases, this problem is formulated based on the structural responses in linear range, however in this paper, objective functions and the performance criteria are considered with respect to the nonlinear responses of the structure. An Upgraded Whale Optimization Algorithm is proposed and utilized as the optimization technique for parameter tuning of the fuzzy controller. The performance of the presented upgraded algorithm is compared with the standard Whale Optimization Algorithm and eight different metaheuristic algorithms. The obtained results prove that the upgraded method is capable of providing competitive results.

MOSQUE`S URBAN SPACE BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENTS AND URBAN CHANGES

The study deals with the problem of the design sustainability of the urban areas of the mosques to cope with the urban changes and achieve the objectives of upgrading them to cope with this change. This is through the introduction of a strategy to evaluate the practices of urban upgrading of the urban areas of mosques. The research explores the reciprocal relationship between the elements of the mosques' areas, studying the factors of urbanization and development mobility, and studying the design sustainability criteria .The study discusses the importance of the urban arena of the mosque in terms of being one of the main elements in the formation of urban cities and its important role as a center of population activity, and with the emergence of the problems of deterioration and waste and urban degradation, which has been solved by the implementation of some development projects and upgrading.Therefore, the concept of the design sustainability policy of the mosque areas is clearly shown, which includes the method of urban upgrading that is aware of the potential of the arena and the surrounding urban environment. By applying this concept at different levels, it is possible to deal with development plans and urban upgrading in a manner consistent with the nature of existing problems, And the rapid pace of life on the other hand, and comes the policy of sustainable design of urban upgrading practices as an appropriate input to the attempts to develop and improve the urban environment.The study attempts to clarify the role of the public urban vacuum as a main center for the urban upgrading process, and the importance of the arena as an urban vacuum and its development criteria, in order to restore its performance and stop the urban deterioration and activate the positive points of the development projects which include the speed of implementation, relying on the user community and private funding to do some of these projects Is a good example of citizens' belonging to their community and their desire to support and sustain urban upgrading practices.The research includes two frameworks, namely the theoretical framework, the applied framework and the general results and research recommendations.

Application of Peng-Robinson equation of state for modelling the multiphase equilibrium properties in Athabasca bitumen/ethane mixtures

Phase behavior of (bitumen + solvent) mixtures and their properties are essential for surface upgrading methods and enhanced oil recovery applications. The objective for this work is to systematically model the phase partitioning and component distribution in the (bitumen + solvent) mixtures. To perform equation of state modelling, compositional analysis of bitumen is utilized to characterize the bitumen sample and its components up to C100. The full range of components is utilized in Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS) to predict the equilibrium phase properties, such as composition and density, in vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid regions. Based on the results, PR-EOS accurately captures the composition of phases, component distribution in each phase, and phase densities. Thereafter, an algorithm is proposed to lump the components on the basis of two-phase envelope generation. The results indicate that Athabasca bitumen and its phase behavior in (bitumen + solvent) mixtures can be well represented in multi-phase regions by four pseudo-components.

Combustion behavior and slagging tendencies of kaolin additivated agricultural pellets and of wood-straw pellet blends in a small-scale boiler

The aim of this study was the modification of agricultural biofuels to allow for low emission combustion in domestic biomass boilers without slagging or other ash related problems. Four agricultural biomasses were additivated with kaolin. Fuel blends were produced from wheat straw and woody biomass. All fuels were combusted in a 30 kW biomass boiler while emissions and slag formation were measured. Due to additivation or fuel blending, total particle and CO emissions were reduced by 53–77% and 69–95%, respectively. At the same time, slag formation (determined as the mass of agglomerates > 3.15 mm) strongly declined. For fuels containing high amounts of sulphur or chlorine, kaolin additivation may lead to increased HCl and SOx emissions. Moreover, NOx-formation may be higher during combustion of additivated fuels (up to 21%). Overall, additivation with kaolin or blending of fuels might be an interesting option for the utilization of agricultural biomasses. The selection of the optimal upgrading method should consider the chemical and physical biomass properties and address the minimum amount of additive or blending ratio to achieve a sufficient reduction of emissions and slagging.

Influence of CeO2 Addition to Ni–Cu/HZSM-5 Catalysts on Hydrodeoxygenation of Bio-Oil

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oil is a method of bio-oil upgrading. In this paper, x%CeO2–Ni–Cu/HZSM-5 (x = 5, 15, and 20) was synthesized as an HDO catalyst by the co-impregnation method. The HDO performances of x%CeO2–Ni–Cu/HZSM-5 (x = 5, 15, and 20) in the reaction process was evaluated and compared with Ni–Cu/HZSM-5 by the property and the yield of upgrading oil. The difference of the chemical composition between bio-oil and upgrading oil was evaluated by GC-MS. The results showed that the addition of CeO2 decreased the water and oxygen contents of upgrading oil, increased the high heating value, reduced acid content, and increased hydrocarbon content. When the CeO2 addition was 15%, the yield of upgrading reached the maximum, from 33.9 wt% (Ni–Cu/HZSM-5) to 47.6 wt% (15%CeO2–Ni–Cu/HZSM-5). The catalytic activities of x%CeO2–Ni–Cu/HZSM-5 (x = 5, 15, and 20) and Ni–Cu/HZSM-5 were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption, NH3-Temperature-Programmed Desorption, H2-Temperature-Programmed Reaction, TEM, and XPS. The results showed that the addition of CeO2 increased the dispersion of active metal Ni, reduced the bond between the active metal and the catalyst support, increased the ratio of Bronsted acid to total acids, and decreased the reduction temperature of NiO. When the CeO2 addition was 15%, the activity of catalyst reached the best. Finally, the carbon deposition resistance of deactivated catalysts was investigated by a Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and the results showed that the addition of CeO2 could improve the carbon deposition resistance of catalysts. When the CeO2 addition was 15%, the coke deposition decreased from 41 wt% (Ni–Cu/HZSM-5) to 14 wt% (15%CeO2–Ni–Cu/HZSM-5).

Evaluation of the power system reliability if a nuclear power plant is replaced with wind power plants

The modern power systems include a larger number of more dispersed and smaller power generating sources, which are slowly replacing larger and more concentrated power sources. The objective of this paper is to analyse the replacement of nuclear power plant with wind power plants to compare both cases from the viewpoints of power system reliability. The load diagram and the variability of the power plants, whose power depend on the environmental parameters with the time is considered. This paper is focused on the loss of load expectation. The upgraded method considers plant power as a function of the time instead of its nominal power. Initial real power system model consists of twelve power plants including one nuclear power plant. This plant is then replaced by three wind power plants with their total power five times larger than the power of the nuclear power plant. A comparison of reliability in terms of comparing the loss of load expectation is performed using the real weather data for one calendar year. The results show that the replacement of the nuclear power plant with several wind power plants with wind power capacity five times larger than the nuclear power capacity causes a decrease of the power system reliability.

Memoization method for storing of minimum-weight triangulation of a convex polygon

This study presents a practical view of dynamic programming, specifically in the context of the application of finding the optimal solutions for the polygon triangulation problem. The problem of the optimal triangulation of polygon is considered to be as a recursive substructure. The basic idea of the constructed method lies in finding to an adequate way for a rapid generation of optimal triangulations and storing - them in as small as possible memory space. The upgraded method is based on a memoization technique, and its emphasis is in storing the results of the calculated values and returning the cached result when the same values again occur. The significance of the method is in the generation of the optimal triangulation for a large number of n. All the calculated weights in the triangulation process are stored and performed in the same table. Results processing and implementation of the method was carried out in the Java environment and the experimental results were compared with the square matrix and Hurtado-Noy method.

Research on IPv6 Address Space and Super IP Upgrade

Abstract The IPv6 address space design is not a 128-bit address space that people think. Its special address structure leads IPv6 to go through three significantly different transitional versions if it is really implement 128bits address space. The transition between the three versions is the same as going through three different IP protocols from IPv4 to IPv6. It is often unscientific to say that IPv6 can assign an IP address to every grain of sand on the planet. This paper studies the IPv6 address space structure, MAC address and upgrade, and proposes a super IP upgrade method, and strives to achieve Internet address upgrade at the lowest cost to meet the needs of human production and life.

IoT Storage Optimisation Security Framework Based on a Secure Hash Algorithm

The purpose of this research is to examine the risks that IoT applications encounter throughout operational operations, data routing, and energy utilisation, as well as potential solutions to these problems utilising Blockchain technology. This study is broken up into four parts: finding a secure hash technique for the huge volumes of data produced by IoT devices; improving storage; using cluster-based routing to keep out unwanted visitors; and safeguarding IoT programmes. The trust of the blockchain node to existing applications for the Internet of Things cannot be assured, and a sizable amount of communication assets would be used in the process of achieving consensus using the proposed security evolution method of Hybrid Cryptographic Hash Function (HCHF). Private Consensus Bitcoin with Hybrid Cryptographic Hash Function (HCHF) Enhanced Trust on Multilink was a newly developed consensus method in this study. The following are some of the key features of the IoT applications that make use of the suggested HCHF method: 1) The confidence of the nodes in the IoT application grew as a result of the development of the trust attribute mechanism, leading to the formation of a grouping structure within the network. The trust in the system is boosted by the grouping adjustment mechanism. Second, the complexity of communication is considerably simplified by categorising nodes according to their level of trust. The experimental findings show that the system's communication effectiveness and overall trust may be greatly increased by the blockchain's application of the upgraded method.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Noise diminution and formant extraction on vowels for hearing aid users

People suffering from hearing loss have great difficulty to hear even with the help of hearing aids due to background noises. The problem of reducing noise in hearing aids still remains as a toughest problem to solve. A speech upgrade method to be specific, a modified spectral subtraction is proposed to decrease the different foundation noises and its execution is tried with target quality estimation parameter like signal to noise ratio (SNR) and perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ), and furthermore Vowels are thought to be voiced sounds with more vitality for discourse creation. And hence from the enhanced speech signal the formant frequency of the voiced vowels is extracted based on autocorrelation method and in future work thereby increase the intelligibility of the vowels by enhancing the formants for the hearing aid listeners.

ВПЛИВ ЯКОСТІ ОЧИСТКИ МАСЛА НА МОТОРЕСУРС ДИЗЕЛЬНИХ ДВИГУНІВ АВТОМОБІЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ

The methods of upgrading of motor oils which determine of engines exploited in different climatic terms and loading modes are described in the article.

Upgrading of vacuum residue with chemical looping partial oxidation over Fe-Mn mixed metal oxides

Heavy oil upgrading to produce light fuels is an important strategy to solve the depletion of light crude oil. Partial oxidation using transition metal oxides as oxygen carrier is a potential method for heavy oil upgrading. A series of Fe-Mn mixed metal oxides were synthesized and used for partial oxidation of vacuum residue (VR) in this study. As a result, the gasoline and diesel oil yields increase on Fe-Mn mixed metal oxides. The carbonaceous residue yield decreases with the increasing Mn content. A variety of characterizations were carried out to reveal the correlation between the physicochemical properties of the mixed metal oxides and partial oxidation performance. To achieve oxygen regeneration and stable production of light fuels, a chemical looping partial oxidation process using Fe1Mn3 as carrier of oxygen was proposed. The Fe1Mn3 shows potential application in VR upgrading with partial oxidation.

Hydrothermal liquefaction of organic resources in biotechnology: how does it work and what can be achieved?

Increasing the overall carbon and energy efficiency by integration of thermal processes with biological ones has gained considerable attention lately, especially within biorefining. A technology that is capable of processing wet feedstock with good energy efficiency is advantageous. Such a technology, exploiting the special properties of hot compressed water is called hydrothermal liquefaction. The reaction traditionally considered to take place at moderate temperatures (200-350°C) and high pressures (10-25MPa) although recent findings show the benefits of increased pressure at higher temperature regions. Hydrothermal liquefaction is quite robust, and in theory, all wet feedstock, including residues and waste streams, can be processed. The main product is a so-called bio-crude or bio-oil, which is then further upgraded to fuels or chemicals. Hydrothermal liquefaction is currently at pilot/demo stage with several lab reactors and a few pilots already available as well as there are a few demonstration plants under construction. The applied conditions are quite severe for the processing equipment and materials, and several challenges remain before the technology is commercial. In this review, a description is given about the influence of the feedstock, relevant for integration with biological processing, as well as the processing conditions on the hydrothermal process and products composition. In addition, the relevant upgrading methods are presented.

Phenanthrene catalytic cracking in supercritical water: effect of the reaction medium on NiMo/SiO2 catalysts

A series of NiMo/SiO2 catalysts was synthesized by sol-gel method for heavy oil upgrading in supercritical water (SCW). Phenanthrene was used as substrate as it represents polyaromatic structures present in asphaltenes. No phenanthrene conversion was observed in a blank (non‐catalytic) experiment. However, phenanthrene conversions up to 24% after 1 h of reaction in SCW at 425 °C and 230 bar were observed in the presence of NiMo/SiO2, underlining the role of the catalysts in the process. Conversion was found to be dependent mainly on Ni content and the Ni/Mo ratio in the catalysts. The liquid products obtained are thought to be the result of both oxidation and hydrogenation processes. Characterization of the fresh and spent catalysts using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed. It was revealed that catalysts are not completely stable in SCW, showing that NiMo intermetallic compounds formed the initial catalysts were decomposed, Mo0 and Ni0 were oxidised and the latter formed Ni2SiO4. In addition, MoO2 phase domain size in the catalysts increased and the surface of the spent catalysts appeared to be enriched with Ni and depleted with Mo.