Updated Information Research Articles

An update on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced urticaria.

Hypersensitivity reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (HR-NSAIDs) are common adverse events related to the widespread use of over-the-counter NSAIDs for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions. Urticaria is the most commonly reported immediate cutaneous clinical sign of HR-NSAIDs, but it can be a manifestation of pathophysiologically different clinical entities that require different therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study is to ease the identification of the correct phenotype of HR-NSAIDs in patients reporting urticaria associated with the intake of NSAIDs and provide updated information about their diagnosis and management. The study is a narrative review conducted by collecting the most relevant and up-to-date data related to the classification, pathophysiology, severity, and prognosis of NSAID hypersensitivity reactions. PubMed and Embase scientific databases were used as search engines to select relevant articles. Patients developing HR-NSAIDs can be divided into two categories: selective responders (SR), who develop reactions after the administration of a single specific NSAID due to an underlying IgE or T-cell mediated hypersensitivity mechanism, or cross-intolerant (CI), who develop reactions to more than one chemically unrelated NSAIDs due to abnormalities in the biochemical pathways related with prostaglandin metabolism, independently from an underlying immunological mechanism. Five major different categories of HR-NSAIDs have been identified: NSAIDs-exacerbated cutaneous disease (NECD), NSAIDs-induced urticaria/angioedema with/without respiratory and systemic symptoms of anaphylaxis (NIUAA), and NSAIDs-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD), which are developed by CI patients, and single NSAIDs-induced urticaria, angioedema and/ or anaphylaxis (SNIUAA) and single NSAIDs-induced delayed hypersensitivity reactions (SNIDHR), which are developed by CI patients. In vivo and in vitro diagnostic tests have rarely been shown to be reliable in all these entities and therefore are not routinely used in clinical practice. The management in SR patients consists of strict avoidance of the culprit drug, while for cross-intolerance reactions oral tolerance tests with safe alternative drugs (e.g. weak COX-1 inhibitors or selective COX-2 inhibitors) can be performed. HR-NSAIDs are being observed with increasing frequency, however, the pathogenesis behind some NSAIDS-associated clinical entities is still unclear. Diagnosis is mostly based on a thorough clinical history and confirmed by a drug challenge test. Clinical management is based on strict avoidance and use of alternative tolerated medications. Overall, all therapeutic decisions depend on the correct identification of the type of reaction the patient experienced.

New Online Tools for the Data Visualization of Bivalve Molluscs' Production Areas of Veneto Region

The current European Food Hygiene Legislation makes the control and monitoring of all bivalve molluscs (BM) classified production areas mandatory in order to ensure the compliance of the product. Whenever the results of the controls highlight non-compliance, the Local Veterinary Competent Authority (LVCA) issues a measure to limit or suspend harvesting activities in the involved production area. Therefore, it is essential for LVCA accessing to updated information in near real time on sanitary status, laboratory test results and spatial distribution of production areas. In the framework of a project financed by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (n. 04/INP/20/VE), three Information Technology (IT) tools have been developed to aid the LVCA in their daily control activities. The developed IT tools also indirectly help to ensure a safe product for the end consumer, because they support food safety control activities. Moreover, the open access to information regarding these systematic controls will enhance the consumers' trust in the local product increasing its value on the market.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: pathogenesis and assessing the impact of dietary bioactive compounds on the liver

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathological condition ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. NAFLD is a complex disease mediated by metabolic, environmental, and genetic mechanisms. Many factors such as insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, circadian rhythm, genetics, epigenetics, dietary factors, and gut microbiota play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Lifestyle changes such as healthy diet, physical activity, avoiding alcohol and smoking are involved in the NAFLD treatment. Dietary bioactive compounds including curcumin, resveratrol, catechins, quercetin, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, alkaloids, vitamins, and peptides have many health promoting effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, chemopreventive, and hepatoprotective. In this review, the pathophysiology of NAFLD and the effects of dietary bioactive compounds on this disease will be discussed in detail with updated information.

Streamlining Dental Clinic Operations Introducing the Web Application for Efficient Dental Clinic Management

Abstract: The Dental Clinic Management System web application is a comprehensive software program designed to automate and optimize the various tasks and operations that occur in a dental clinic. Historically, dental clinics have kept their records manually and done their paperwork on paper, which has led to many errors, inefficiencies, and delays.To tackle these problems, the Web Application for Dental Clinic Management System provides dental professionals and personnel with an easy-to-use interface that makes daily operations more efficient. The DCMS web application assists patients in scheduling a dentist appointment at a dental clinic. The system simplifies the administration of patient data, encompassing personal data, medical history, and treatment documentation. Precise diagnosis and treatment planning are ensured by the easily accessible and updated information by authorized staff. Only the patient that have been registered in Dental Clinic Management System be able to use the system. It is run by highly qualified and experienced health professionals.This website covers Admin panel, Dentist panel and Patient panel. User can perform search by dentist specialty, gender, and dentist name. User can browse through dentist profile and view their specialty information. The register user can choose and book an appointment at the flexible time and date. Dentist can view the patient appointment and they can confirm or cancel their reservation. Admin can able control and maintain Dentist and patient information through a computerized process. And Admin can view and replay the unregistered users queries, also view the medical report of the patient.

Women utilisation, needs and satisfaction with postnatal follow-up care in Oman: A cross-sectional survey

BackgroundIn Oman, there is a lack of data on utilisation, needs and women's satisfaction with care and information provided during postnatal follow-up period. AimTo investigate postnatal follow-up care utilisation and women's needs; level of postnatal information received and satisfaction with services. MethodsA purposive sample of women (n = 500), recruited in the immediate postnatal period at one metropolitan and one regional birthing hospital in Oman. An electronic survey link was sent to participants at 6–8 weeks postnatally. Quantitative variables were analysed as frequencies and chi-squared test. ResultsA total of 328 completed surveys were received; a response rate of 66 %. Most respondents were located in the metropolitan area (n = 250) and between 20 and 39 years (n = 308). Utilisation was low as women reported no need or no benefit in attending. Women's information needs were not sufficiently met by HCPs, requiring women to seek information from family and the internet to meet their needs. Satisfaction with services was mostly neither satisfied nor dissatisfied (30 %) or satisfied (30 %). ConclusionPostnatal follow-up care utilisation in both metropolitan and regional areas is less than optimal and not utilised as there was no advice to attend or no appointment date/time given, no benefit experienced previously, no need and information needed sourced from family or the internet. The information provided by postnatal follow-up care consumers can be used to enhance service delivery, inform future updates to the national maternity care guidelines, and provides a baseline for future evaluation and research.

Probabilistic Method to Fuse Artificial Intelligence-Generated Underground Utility Mapping.

Utility as-built plans, which typically provide information about underground utilities' position and spatial locations, are known to comprise inaccuracies. Over the years, the reliance on utility investigations using an array of sensing equipment has increased in an attempt to resolve utility as-built inaccuracies and mitigate the high rate of accidental underground utility strikes during excavation activities. Adapting data fusion into utility engineering and investigation practices has been shown to be effective in generating information with improved accuracy. However, the complexities in data interpretation and associated prohibitive costs, especially for large-scale projects, are limiting factors. This paper addresses the problem of data interpretation, costs, and large-scale utility mapping with a novel framework that generates probabilistic inferences by fusing data from an automatically generated initial map with as-built data. The probabilistic inferences expose regions of high uncertainty, highlighting them as prime targets for further investigations. The proposed model is a collection of three main processes. First, the automatic initial map creation is a novel contribution supporting rapid utility mapping by subjecting identified utility appurtenances to utility inference rules. The second and third processes encompass the fusion of the created initial utility map with available knowledge from utility as-builts or historical satellite imagery data and then evaluating the uncertainties using confidence value estimators. The proposed framework transcends the point estimation of buried utility locations in previous works by producing a final probabilistic utility map, revealing a confidence level attributed to each segment linking aboveground features. In this approach, the utility infrastructure is rapidly mapped at a low cost, limiting the extent of more detailed utility investigations to low-confidence regions. In resisting obsolescence, another unique advantage of this framework is the dynamic nature of the mapping to automatically update information upon the arrival of new knowledge. This ultimately minimizes the problem of utility as-built accuracies dwindling over time.

Applications of magnetic solid-phase extraction in the sample preparation of natural product analysis (2020-2023).

Sample preparation, including extraction, separation, and purification, is a vital process for natural product analysis. As an attractive sample pretreatment method, magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) has gained plenty of attention, mainly due to its simpler operation, less consumption of organic solvents, and shorter processing time than traditional SPE. This updated review is devoted to summarizing the applications of MSPE based on different magnetic nanomaterials in the analysis of various natural products in complex matrixes, such as biological samples, plants, and Chinese herbal preparations in the past four years (2020-2023). The preparation and fabrication of different materials are briefly introduced. Furthermore, the extraction mechanism and interaction forces between adsorbent and analytes are elaborated, and the advantages and disadvantages of different adsorbents coupled with various analytical methods for MSPE of different natural products are summarized. Moreover, the future trends and opportunities for MSPE in the natural product analysis are discussed. It is expected that this work can provide updated information for future research on the applications of MSPE in such fields.

Presencia del virus de la rabia en murciélagos no hematófagos en México

The presence of the rabies virus and antibodyes in bats from the Americas is mainly associated with hematophagous species; however, this virus has also been detected with low frequency in bats with other feeding habits. The same thing happens in Mexico, although there is no updated information on the species that have been infected by this virus. Due to the public health implications of the subject, in this study we explore how the presence of the rabies virus is related to eating habits, the family to which they belong, the size of the distribution area and the type of refuge used by bats. Based on a review of the scientific literature published from 1954 to 2015, seven families, 24 genera, and 40 species of non-hematophagous bats that have been detected with rabies virus in Mexico. Most are insectivorous (63%) and belong to the Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae families (68%). The presence of rabies is positively and significantly related to the number of species per family (r = 0.9, p < 0.005) and type of feeding habit (r = 0.97, p < 0.002) but is not related to the size of its distribution area (r = 0.2, p = 0.2). Cases of rabies in non-hematophagous species in Mexico are rare, and do not represent a risk of transmission to humans.

Recommended information adoption by university students in their study/research

PurposeFor undergraduate and graduate students in universities, social media are playing an important role in their study/research because a large amount of academic information has been accumulated on social media. Indeed, social media are complementing university libraries. Given that intelligent recommender systems have been widely implemented on social media, this paper aims to examine the adoption mechanism of intelligently recommended information by university students in their study/research.Design/methodology/approachBuilding upon the updated information system success model and herding theory, this study developed a research model to examine the determinants of recommended information adoption in mobile applications for social media. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed with partial least squares structural equation modelling.FindingsThe results suggest that herding belief is a valid second-order construct, comprising two first-order dimensions of imitating others and discounting their own information. Information quality, system quality and service quality directly impact satisfaction with the intelligent recommender system. Furthermore, satisfaction with the intelligent recommender system and herding belief directly impact recommended information adoption by university students in their study/research.Originality/valueThis study draws on the updated information system success model and incorporates herding belief as an extended component to investigate recommended information adoption, providing a new lens for understanding recommended information adoption by university students in their study/research.

EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM PELAYANAN APLIKASI SIPADU (Sistem Informasi Pelayanan Administrasi Desa Terpadu) DALAM PENGOPTIMALAN PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI DI DESA DANGIN PURI KANGIN KECAMATAN DENPASAR UTARA

This research aims to find out how effective the SIPADU Application Service Program (Integrated Village Administrative Service Information System) is in optimizing administrative services in Dangin Puri Kangin Village, North Denpasar District. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive research method using interview techniques were determined by random sampling and literature study were carried out by searching for information through journals, articles and internet sites. The research results show that the SIPADU (Integrated Village Administrative Services Information System) application in optimizing administrative services in Dangin Puri Kangin Village, North Denpasar District is quite effective. This refers to the effectiveness measurement proposed by Steers which consists. 1) Indicators for achieving goals are running well because they are designed according to community needs, but the level of socialization needs to be increased. 2) The adaptation indicators have been met because this application makes it easy for the public to obtain administrative and information services. 3) Integration indicators are also carried out well by the Dangin Puri Kangin Village Government through the delivery of information via its website and social media. Integration is also carried out through regular updates of information on the application. From this study it can be concluded that the SIPADU Application Service Program (Integrated Village Administrative Services Information System) in Optimizing Administrative Services in Dangin Puri Kangin Village, North Denpasar District is running quite effectively but there needs to be continuous increase in socialization to the community of Dangin Puri Kangin Village, North Denpasar District. Keywords: Effectiveness; SIPADU; Public Service

The phenomenon of drug-coating embolism during lower extremity endovascular interventions with paclitaxel-coated balloon.

There is a risk of distal embolization lower extremity endovascular interventions. Possibly a drug-coating embolism caused by coating detachment from intravascular devices. This review focuses on providing updated information on distal embolism in endovascular revascularization of lower extremity arteries, including the use of drug-coated balloons. Drug-coating embolism is a special case of distal embolization during recanalization of the arteries of the lower extremities. Preclinical studies have demonstrated embolization of drug-coated balloons during angioplasty of lower extremity arteries. However, the clinical role of drug-coating embolism is not completely clear. A 2020 meta-analysis found an increased risk of major lower extremity amputation after drug-coated balloon angioplasty in patients with critical limb ischemia. But long-term research is emerging to support the safety of using these devices. Perhaps a more thorough assessment of the quality of life and the degree of compensation of lower limb ischemia with an intraoperative assessment of the frequency of peripheral embolizations using ultrasound emboli detection, as well as microcirculation with transcutaneous oximetry and laser Doppler flowmetry of the operated lower limb will allow a more detailed study of the phenomenon of drug-coating embolism and its impact on long-term clinical outcomes. According to the results of preclinical studies, the use of paclitaxel-coated balloons leads to an increase in the concentration of paclitaxel in distal skeletal muscles. However, paclitaxel concentration in skeletal muscle was significantly higher in first-generation DCBs. The non-target effects of drug-coating balloon are not fully understood and require further study. Understanding the phenomenon of drug-coating embolism can help physicians to better assess the patient risk and to minimize complications.

#2603 Focus on a crucial moment in decision making: evaluate peritoneal dialysis as incident renal replacement therapy

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease affects 10% of the world population (15.1% in Spain, ENRICA 2019 study), being a health problem with important physical, emotional, and socio-occupational repercussions. Deciding on the most appropriate renal replacement therapy (RRT) for each patient, according to their lifestyle and family environment, represents a considerable challenge. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) offers several benefits, including greater independence, preserved kidney function, less restrictive diet, and better adaptation to the patient's lifestyle. It also improves the capacity for self-training and learning. Although kidney transplantation is the best RRT option, PD has demonstrated better quality of life, patient autonomy, and higher survival rates. Despite these advantages, PD as a technique for starting RRT represents 16.4% among incident patients in Spain, reaching 25% in our community, similar data to that of other northern European countries (ERA EDTA Report 2021). Method We carried out a retrospective descriptive study of patients followed in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease (ACKD) over a period of five years (2017-2021). The inclusion criteria considered the acceptance of the technique in optimal candidates, with integrity of the peritoneal membrane and/or functional abdominal cavity, as well as the ability to learn the technique and family support. The study aimed to assess the percentage of patients who, meeting optimal criteria for PD candidacy, successfully initiated the technique. Results The analyzed population consisted of 113 patients, 73.4% males, with a mean age of 77 years. 59% of ACKD patients were considered candidates, and of these, 73% (n 38) chose PD as the modality, successfully initiating the technique. The main causes of abandonment or failure of the technique were: Out of the 38 patients successfully initiating PD as RRT, 34% continued with this modality. Conclusion PD provides quality of life and autonomy to patients who choose this technique. Individualized and ongoing training through updated information is essential during this process, as it helps reduce most complications and reinforces patient autonomy.

Differential privacy Kalman filtering for graphical dynamic systems: Performance improvement and privacy calibration

This paper investigates differential privacy Kalman filtering for graphical dynamic systems. An enhanced differential privacy Kalman filter is initially developed by leveraging the topology, a unique characteristic of graphical dynamic systems, to improve the filtering performance. And then upper and lower error bounds of the enhanced filter are established to evaluate the recipient's ability to infer sensitive data. Based on these error bounds, a privacy calibration guideline is provided to balance privacy and usability of sensitive data. A notable feature of the enhanced filter is that its Kalman gain matrix is a diagonal matrix, which facilitates the independent update of information at each node by reducing the coupling between nodes. This feature diminishes the accumulation of filtering errors, thereby improving the data availability for the recipient. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified through a simulation of epidemiological data analysis, and the results show that the enhanced filter performs well in systems with high privacy levels.

Fast-track development of an automated solar photovoltaic module detecting framework utilizing open-access multispectral satellite imagery

The southwest coast of Taiwan is an important habitat for migratory waterbirds. However, the use of fossil fuels has led to climate crises. As society's awareness of environmental issues increases, renewable energy including solar power has become an irreplaceable choice. Monitoring the spread of solar photovoltaic (PV) to mitigate its ecological impact has become an important task. Yet, acquiring information related to the geographic information of this renewable energy is often challenging. Remote sensing techniques for identifying the distribution of solar PV modules have been extensively discussed and published in recent years. However, the use of high-resolution imagery, powerful computational hardware, or high-precision but technically challenging frameworks, particularly in terms of computational costs, hinders the rapid updating and dissemination of information on solar PV distribution. The aim of this study is to rapidly develop a PVs detecting framework. To do so, by utilizing the spectral reflectance characteristics of PV modules, along with open-access Sentinel-2 satellite datasets, we selected false color images derived from Bands 8 (842 nm), 11 (1,610 nm), and 12 (2,190 nm). With the foundation of ArcGIS and the U-Net deep learning architecture, we developed a framework with low training costs, simple data processing, and short training time. Through syntheses of false color with different combinations of spectral bands, we achieved a PVs detecting framework with 94.5% accuracy, 0.94 F1 score, and 0.89 Kappa in aquaculture landscape. In our application in the southwest coast region, the overall accuracy reached 96%, with a 0.92 F1 score and 0.9 Kappa performance. This framework will facilitate the rapid monitoring of the spatial and temporal distribution of PV in Taiwan, accelerate social communication, and alleviate ecological impacts.

Photochemical Strategies toward Precision Targeting against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections.

Infectious diseases pose a serious threat and a substantial economic burden on global human and public health security, especially with the frequent emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in clinical settings. In response to this urgent need, various photobased anti-infectious therapies have been reported lately. This Review explores and discusses several photochemical targeted antibacterial therapeutic strategies for addressing bacterial infections regardless of their antibiotic susceptibility. In contrast to conventional photobased therapies, these approaches facilitate precise targeting of pathogenic bacteria and/or infectious microenvironments, effectively minimizing toxicity to mammalian cells and surrounding healthy tissues. The highlighted therapies include photodynamic therapy, photocatalytic therapy, photothermal therapy, endogenous pigments-based photobleaching therapy, and polyphenols-based photo-oxidation therapy. This comprehensive exploration aims to offer updated information to facilitate the development of effective, convenient, safe, and alternative strategies to counter the growing threat of MDR bacteria in the future.

Left ventricular systolic dysfunction in obesity: a meta-analysis of speckle tracking echocardiographic studies.

Obesity is a risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and diastolic dysfunction. Available evidence on impaired myocardial deformation in obese patients without apparent systolic dysfunction assessed by LV ejection fraction (LVEF) is based on single studies. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to provide a comprehensive and updated information on this issue. The PubMed, OVID-MEDLINE, and Cochrane library databases were analysed to search English-language articles published from the inception up to 31 December 2023. Studies were identified by using MeSH terms and crossing the following search items: ' myocardial strain', 'left ventricular mechanics', 'longitudinal global strain', 'speckle tracking echocardiography', 'systolic dysfunction', 'left ventricular ejection fraction', and 'obesity'. Twenty-four studies including 5792 obese and 5518 nonobese individuals from different clinical settings were considered for the analysis. LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) was significantly impaired in the obese group [standard means difference (SMD): -0.86 ± 0.08; confidence interval (CI) -1.02 to -0.69, P < 0.0001] and this was paralleled by a significant difference in pooled LVEF between obese and controls (SMD -0.27 ± 0.06; CI -0.40 to -0.15, P < 0.0001). Unlike GLS, however, the majority of the selected studies failed to show statistically significant differences in LVEF. Furthermore, in patients with advanced obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m 2 , data from six studies), LV systolic dysfunction was more significantly detected by GLS (SMD -1.24 ± 0.19, CI -1.61/-0.87, P < 0.0001) than by LVEF (SMD -0.54 ± 0.27, CI -1.07 to -0.01, P = 0.046). The present meta-analysis suggests that GLS may unmask systolic dysfunction often undetected by conventional LVEF in the obese setting; thus, this parameter should be incorporated into routine work-up aimed to identify obesity-mediated subclinical cardiac damage.

Compilations and updates on residual feed intake in sheep.

The increasing global demand for food and the strong effect of climate change have forced animal science to advance regarding new methods of selection in search of more efficient animals in production systems. Feed consumption represents more than 70% of the costs of sheep farms, and more efficient animals can increase the farmers' profitability. One of the main measures of feed efficiency is estimated residual feed intake (RFI), created in 1963 by Robert Koch for estimation in cattle and later adapted for sheep. Animals with negative RFI values (RFI-) are more efficient than animals with positive values (RFI+), with influence on the variables of performance, carcass quality and production of enteric gases. The RFI is the most common and accepted metric of the feed efficiency trait for genetic selection, since it is independent of growth traits, unlike the feed conversion ratio. The purpose of this review article was to present updated literature information on the relationship of RFI estimates with performance measures, molecular markers, greenhouse gas production and feed efficiency, the technical aspects and physiological basis of metabolic in sheep.

Evaluating Cumulative Damage Factor (CDF) of 20 Brazilian Airfield Pavement structures using FAARFIELD and BAKFAA

There is a growing concern regarding the structural integrity of Brazilian airport pavements. This concern arises from the fact that they were originally designed to accommodate lighter aircraft during an era of lower traffic. However, with the substantial increase in air traffic and the introduction of heavier aircraft, compounded by the aging infrastructure predominantly built between the 1950s and 1970s, these pavements are now confronted with significant challenges. This research involves collecting data on aircraft characteristics, traffic patterns, and pavement layer properties to update information on the pavement life service of existing Brazilian airfield pavements. Research involves the analysis of determine the Cumulative Damage Factor (CDF) of 20 Brazilian airport runways pavement. Backanalysis of deflection basins obtained from Heavy Weight Deflectometer (HWD) tests is conducted using the BAKFAA software. The FAARFIELD software is then employed to calculate the CDF, incorporating the latest information on aircraft mix and pavement conditions. The study reveals that 65% of the analyzed airport pavements consist of 4 structural layers, with 50% of the structures composed of cement-treated base course layers. Notably, 11 airports exhibit a CDF less than 0.01, suggesting potential overdesigned of pavements for existing aircraft movement. Boa Vista Airport/RR (SBBV) stands out with a CDF of 1.5, prompting recommendations for actions to mitigate pavement degradation. The findings offer valuable insights for future actions, maintenance strategies, and recommendations for the construction of new airports.

Screen Time Exposure and Domain-Specific Working Memory in Young Adults.

Introduction With technology advancing across all fields, the utility of digital screens is increasing among all age groups for various purposes.Research indicates that while digital technology presents clear advantages, prolonged exposure can have detrimental effects on various aspects of health, behavior, emotions, and cognitive functions like attention and working memory. A crucial cognitive process for learning and information processing which is working memory, can be affected by factors includingscreen time. Studies have found that the impact of screen time on working memory can be negative, positive, or show no discernible relationship. However, earlier investigations are limited to smartphone use as screen time exposure and further to only active screen time. As there is a dearth of studies in the Indian context and young adults are more exposed to screen time, it is important to investigate along these lines. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of active and passive screen time exposure on modality-specific working memory in young adults. Methods Seventy-sevenneurotypical individuals aged between 18 and 22 years were recruited. The study utilized auditory and visual reverse digit span tasks and the Corsi-backward task to measure working memory span. Screen time data of the participants were collected through a self-administered 18-item questionnaire covering active and background screen time domains. Results and discussion The present study concluded that only active screen time has a significant effect onvisual reverse digit span and supports the notion of the visual superiority effect against an auditory superior effect as suggested by earlier findings. The preliminary findings of correlation observed exclusively within the visual domain in this study could be attributed to the potential impact of screen time exposure (active screen time and textual content). Screen usage demands effective switching between various visual stimuli and ongoing updates of information in memory. Nonetheless, interpreting this explanation and generalization requires caution, given the low ecological validity of the task employed in the study. Future investigations should aim to collect screen time exposure data more objectively, perhaps through online tracking techniques. Furthermore, it would be prudent to expand the correlation analysis to include other cognitive processes and populations.

Characterizing Spatiotemporal Variability in Phosphorus Export across the United States through Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling.

Phosphorus inputs from anthropogenic activities are subject to hydrologic (riverine) export, causing water quality problems in downstream lakes and coastal systems. Nutrient budgets have been developed to quantify the amount of nutrients imported to and exported from various watersheds. However, at large spatial scales, estimates of hydrologic phosphorus export are usually unavailable. This study develops a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate annual phosphorus export across the contiguous United States, considering agricultural inputs, urban inputs, and geogenic sources under varying precipitation conditions. The Bayesian framework allows for a systematic updating of prior information on export rates using an extensive calibration data set of riverine loadings. Furthermore, the hierarchical approach allows for spatial variation in export rates across major watersheds and ecoregions. Applying the model, we map hotspots of phosphorus loss across the United States and characterize the primary factors driving these losses. Results emphasize the importance of precipitation in determining hydrologic export rates for various anthropogenic inputs, especially agriculture. Our findings also emphasize the importance of phosphorus from geogenic sources in overall river export.