Updated Data Research Articles

Design and Implementation of an Interactive Question-Answering System with Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Personalized Databases

This study introduces a novel approach to personalized information retrieval by integrating retrieval augmentation generation (RAG) with a personalized database system. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive text generation capabilities but face limitations in knowledge accuracy and hallucinations. Our research addresses these challenges by combining LLMs with structured, personalized data to enhance search precision and relevance. By tagging keywords within personal documents and organizing information into context-based categories, users can conduct efficient searches within their data repositories. We conducted experiments using the GPT-3.5 and text-embedding-ada-002 models and evaluated the RAG assessment framework with five different language models and two embedding models. Our results indicate that the combination of GPT-3.5 and text-embedding-ada-002 is effective for a personalized database question-answering system, with potential for various language models depending on the application. Our approach offers improved accuracy, real-time data updates, and enhanced user experience, making a significant contribution to information retrieval by LLMs and impacting various artificial intelligence applications.

Promoting Collaborative Scholarship During the COVID-19 Pandemic Through an Innovative COVID-19 Data Explorer and Repository at Yale School of Medicine: Development and Usability Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic sparked a surge of research publications spanning epidemiology, basic science, and clinical science. Thanks to the digital revolution, large data sets are now accessible, which also enables real-time epidemic tracking. However, despite this, academic faculty and their trainees have been struggling to access comprehensive clinical data. To tackle this issue, we have devised a clinical data repository that streamlines research processes and promotes interdisciplinary collaboration. This study aimed to present an easily accessible up-to-date database that promotes access to local COVID-19 clinical data, thereby increasing efficiency, streamlining, and democratizing the research enterprise. By providing a robust database, a broad range of researchers (faculty and trainees) and clinicians from different areas of medicine are encouraged to explore and collaborate on novel clinically relevant research questions. A research platform, called the Yale Department of Medicine COVID-19 Explorer and Repository (DOM-CovX), was constructed to house cleaned, highly granular, deidentified, and continually updated data from over 18,000 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from January 2020 to January 2023, across the Yale New Haven Health System. Data across several key domains were extracted including demographics, past medical history, laboratory values during hospitalization, vital signs, medications, imaging, procedures, and outcomes. Given the time-varying nature of several data domains, summary statistics were constructed to limit the computational size of the database and provide a reasonable data file that the broader research community could use for basic statistical analyses. The initiative also included a front-end user interface, the DOM-CovX Explorer, for simple data visualization of aggregate data. The detailed clinical data sets were made available for researchers after a review board process. As of January 2023, the DOM-CovX Explorer has received 38 requests from different groups of scientists at Yale and the repository has expanded research capability to a diverse group of stakeholders including clinical and research-based faculty and trainees within 15 different surgical and nonsurgical specialties. A dedicated DOM-CovX team guides access and use of the database, which has enhanced interdepartmental collaborations, resulting in the publication of 16 peer-reviewed papers, 2 projects available in preprint servers, and 8 presentations in scientific conferences. Currently, the DOM-CovX Explorer continues to expand and improve its interface. The repository includes up to 3997 variables across 7 different clinical domains, with continued growth in response to researchers' requests and data availability. The DOM-CovX Data Explorer and Repository is a user-friendly tool for analyzing data and accessing a consistently updated, standardized, and large-scale database. Its innovative approach fosters collaboration, diversity of scholarly pursuits, and expands medical education. In addition, it can be applied to other diseases beyond COVID-19.

194P CD8-to-CD20 lymphocyte ratio is a predictive biomarker for lenvatinib and pembrolizumab efficacy and progression-free survival in advanced endometrial cancer: Updated data

194P CD8-to-CD20 lymphocyte ratio is a predictive biomarker for lenvatinib and pembrolizumab efficacy and progression-free survival in advanced endometrial cancer: Updated data

670P Phase I trial of the delta-like ligand-3 (DLL3)/CD3 IgG-Like T cell engager BI 764532 in patients (pts) with DLL3-positive tumors: Updated data

670P Phase I trial of the delta-like ligand-3 (DLL3)/CD3 IgG-Like T cell engager BI 764532 in patients (pts) with DLL3-positive tumors: Updated data

1466P Efficacy and safety of perioperative chemotherapy combined with tislelizumab and trastuzumab for HER2-positive resectable gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/EGJC): Data update from a phase II single-arm study

1466P Efficacy and safety of perioperative chemotherapy combined with tislelizumab and trastuzumab for HER2-positive resectable gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/EGJC): Data update from a phase II single-arm study

LBA39 Updated efficacy and safety data from IMbrave050: Phase III study of adjuvant atezolizumab (atezo) + bevacizumab (bev) vs active surveillance in patients (pts) with resected or ablated high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

LBA39 Updated efficacy and safety data from IMbrave050: Phase III study of adjuvant atezolizumab (atezo) + bevacizumab (bev) vs active surveillance in patients (pts) with resected or ablated high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma epidemiology at diagnosis: A description of public and private health care systems in Brazil regarding tumor location, staging and risk factors

ObjectivesThere is a limited number of updated epidemiological Brazilian data on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to describe demographic and clinical characteristics of HNSCC patients from Brazilian public and private systems. MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study that included patients diagnosed with HNSCC from Brazilian public and private settings from 2016 to 2018. As for the public scenario, data were drawn from the public hospital national cancer registry database. As for the private sector, the data were extracted from medical records of patients from Oncoclinicas, a large Brazilian oncology group. ResultsA total of 37,121 patients were included in the study, with 36,914 from the public and 207 from the private system. Patients in the public sector were younger than those in the private sector, with medians ages of 61.2 and 66.9 years, respectively. In both cohorts, a predominance of men with a history of tobacco and alcohol consumption and an advanced locoregional stage at diagnosis was observed. The main site of the primary tumor was the oropharynx in the private sector and oral cavity in the public sector. Among patients with oropharyngeal cancer, only those in the private sector were tested for HPV, with the majority being positive. ConclusionsThis real-world data study provides epidemiologic characteristics of patients with HNSCC in two different Brazilian healthcare settings, presenting relevant insights into possible opportunities for improvements in the patient's journey with HNSCC.

Bayesian ex Post Evaluation of Recursive Multi-Step-Ahead Density Prediction

This research is focused on a formal Bayesian method of recursive multi-step-ahead density prediction and its ex post evaluation. Our approach remains within the framework of the standard (classical or orthodox) Bayesian paradigm based on the Bayes factor and on the use of the likelihood-based update. We propose a new decomposition of the predictive Bayes factor into the product of partial Bayes factors, for both a finite number of consecutive k-step-ahead forecasts (where k>1) and the recursive updates of the posterior odds ratios based on updated data sets. The first factor in the decomposition is related to the relative k-step-ahead forecasting ability of models, while the second one measures the updating effect. To illustrate the usefulness of the proposed measures, we apply the new decomposed predictive Bayes factors to compare the forecasting ability of models when the true data generating process (DGP) is known, using simulated data sets. Taking into account the effect of updating, the posterior odds ratios leads to the conclusion that the best model coincides with the true DGP. However, the highest k-step-ahead forecasting ability (considered alone) can be achieved by some other, less adequate models. Next, we investigate the predictive ability of different Vector Error Correction (VEC) models with conditional heteroscedasticity, combining three macroeconomic variables: unemployment, inflation and interest rates, separately for the US and Polish economies. The results show that the inference about the models’ predictive performance depends on the forecast horizon as well as on taking into account the updating effect.

378P Updated data on real-world efficacy and safety of inetetamab-based therapy in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients with prior exposure to trastuzumab

378P Updated data on real-world efficacy and safety of inetetamab-based therapy in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients with prior exposure to trastuzumab

P021 PROPORTION AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HYPERTENSION PATIENTS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS IN COLOMBIA, 2019-2023

Background and Objectives: A substantial underreporting of hypertension data in Colombia has been documented, with a lack of recent updates. Access to updated data is crucial for planning effective public health interventions in our country. We aimed to determine both the proportion and the geographic distribution of patients with hypertension in Colombia, along with their associated demographic and regional factors Methods: We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study. Data on the frequency and geographic distribution of individuals diagnosed with hypertension from 2019 to 2023 were collected, along with sociodemographic characteristics like age, gender, and socioeconomic status. These data were extracted from the SISPRO platform based on diagnoses coded according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Results: During the study period, we identified a hypertension prevalence of 12.86% (6,719,193 individuals) across Colombia. Regionally, Bogotá D.C. and Antioquia reported the highest proportion of hypertension—19.21% (1,290,882 people) and 16.15% (1,085,420 people), respectively. Conversely, the lowest rates were found in Vaupés (0.01%, corresponding to 960 people) and Guainía (0.02%, corresponding to 1,592 people). The prevalence was significantly higher in females (60,80%) compared to males (39,20%). Additionally, the highest prevalence was found among individuals aged 55 to 74, accounting for 69,67% of cases. The highest frequency of diagnosis was noted in the contributory regime (68.95%), with the lowest in displaced persons, irrespective of their insurance status (0.33%). Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension is notably higher in Colombia's major urban centers, while significantly lower in remote regions and among vulnerable populations, suggesting significant underreporting. This underreporting likely results in untreated conditions and increased future health complications. It is imperative to develop strategies to enhance the recording and diagnosis of hypertension in Colombia, particularly in remote and vulnerable groups.

528P The randomized phase III study of bi-weekly trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) plus bevacizumab (BEV) vs. FTD/TPI monotherapy for chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): 1-year follow-up updated data from JCOG2014 (ROBiTS)

528P The randomized phase III study of bi-weekly trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) plus bevacizumab (BEV) vs. FTD/TPI monotherapy for chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): 1-year follow-up updated data from JCOG2014 (ROBiTS)

[Translated article] Basal Cell Carcinoma: Incidence and Trends in Valencia, Spain

BackgroundThere is a need for epidemiological and incidence data on the occurrence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in Spain. ObjectivesOur study was designed to retrospectively retrieve cases from our computer databases from 2010 through 2016 to provide updated data on the actual incidence of BCC in Valencia, eastern Spain. Material and methodsThis was an epidemiological study on basal cell carcinoma conducted in Valencia, eastern Spain. We analyzed a total of 2171 patients and 4047 tumors, and gathered data to estimate the actual incidence of BBC in our region. Results and conclusionsOur study confirmed that the incidence of BCC is much higher than previously reported. We calculated a crude incidence of 410.38 BCCs/100 000 person-years, an adjusted rate for the European population of 256.98 BCCs/100 000 person-years, and an adjusted rate for the world population of 196.26 BCCs/100 000 person-years. Risk is up to 29.49% higher for men (464.07 cases/100 000 person-years vs 358.40 cases/100 000 person-years for women). Incidence also increases by an annual 3.91% (a significantly higher annual incidence of 8.28% in women vs a 0.92% annual incidence in men). Overall, the lifetime risk for developing a BCC is 5.8% (5.02% in women and 7% in men).

Investigation of seroprevalence of small ruminant lentivirus infections in Erzurum province of Türkiye and determination of individual and environmental variables

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) are chronic, incurable, and vaccine-free viral diseases that cause respiratory problems and nervous disorders and yield losses in sheep and goats. Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in goats and maedi-visna virus in sheep have been named as SRLVs. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological status of SRLV infection in Erzurum province and to evaluate the risk factors of the disease based on breed, age, and sex. For this purpose, 204 animals including 184 sheep (Akkaraman, Morkaraman, and Hemşin breeds) and 20 goats (Anatolian Black goats) from 8 districts of Erzurum province (Aşkale, Hınıs, Horasan, Karaçoban, Palandöken, Pasinler, Pazaryolu, and Tekman) were included in the sample. Commercial antibody-ELISA kit was used to determine the seroprevalence of SRLV and 15.12% seropositivity was detected. In terms of SRLV, 14.67% of females and 20% of males were positive. In terms of breed, 20%, 13.76%, 0%, and 15% seropositivity was determined in Akkaraman, Morkaraman and Hemşin breed sheep and Anatolian Black goats, respectively. Although there was no statistically significant difference in terms of breed groups and sex, the detection rates in the districts were significant. In conclusion, the prevalence of SRLV infection was investigated in 8 locations of Erzurum province, which is one of the important centers of animal breeding and where small ruminant breeding is at a high level, and significant findings were obtained at the district level. With this study, updated data on seroprevalence of SRLV in the region were obtained and a broader perspective was tried to be provided by comparing with other SRLV studies in Türkiye and the world. These findings are important in terms of evaluating the prevalence and transmission risks of SRLV infections in the region and will shed light on future control and prevention strategies.

Nutrient Analysis of Raw and Cooked USDA Prime Beef Cuts.

Nutrient composition data that accurately represent available beef products are critical to understanding beef's role in healthy dietary patterns. The quality of beef products has changed over the past several decades, and updated nutrient data are warranted as USDA Prime beef cuts become more available. In an effort to provide a complete nutrient profile for frequently purchased USDA Prime beef cuts, five USDA Prime cuts; strip loin steak, tenderloin steak, ribeye steak, top sirloin steak, and rib roast were collected from retail stores in six geographical locations over three collections for macro- and micronutrient analysis in both the raw and cooked state. The separable lean portion of all analyzed USDA Prime cuts qualified as a good or excellent source, providing 10-19% or at least 20% of the daily value, respectively, for protein, niacin, vitamin B12, selenium, phosphorus, and zinc per FDA labeling claim standards. There was not a significant difference in cholesterol content between any of the cuts, raw or cooked (p ≥ 0.44 and 0.34, respectively). The percent lipid in raw, separable lean portions of the rib roast and strip loin steak was significantly greater than the lipid portion in tenderloin and top sirloin steaks (p ≤ 0.01). Per USDA standards, the separable lean portions of tenderloin steak and top sirloin steak qualify as lean beef, containing less than 10 g total fat, less than 4.5 g saturated fat, and less than or equal to 95 mg cholesterol. The current study provides the most up-to-date nutrient analysis for USDA Prime beef cuts, helping consumers and health professionals better identify the role of high-quality beef cuts in healthy dietary patterns.

БЕРЕМЕННОСТЬ, РОДЫ И ПЕРИНАТАЛЬНЫЕ ИСХОДЫ У БЕРЕМЕННЫХ ПОСЛЕ ЭКСТРАКОРПОРАЛЬНОГО ОПЛОДОТВОРЕНИЯ

Almost every day we face the problem of infertility among married couples. It should also be noted that currently male and female infertility occur with approximately the same frequency. According to information provided by the World Health Organization, one in six people in the world faces the problem of infertility. Assisted reproductive technologies for the treatment of infertile couples are considered a serious medical intervention worldwide. The updated data confirmed the absence of significant differences in the prevalence of infertility among different regions of the world. Thus, high-, middle- and low-income countries have comparable infertility rates. This means that this problem is a worldwide health problem. At the same time, there are significant differences in the availability, quality and provision of infertility treatment services between high-income and low-income countries. The purpose of the study: to study the features of the course of pregnancy, childbirth and perinatal losses in pregnant women after in vitro fertilization. Materials and methods of research. A retrospective analysis of the course of pregnancies, childbirth and perinatal outcomes was performed in 155 patients whose pregnancy occurred after the use of assisted reproductive technologies (in vitro fertilization). Only women whose pregnancy ended in childbirth were included in the study. Results. Further clinical studies are needed to reduce the incidence of pregnancy complications and improve perinatal outcomes. In addition, it is necessary to expand the availability of all necessary low-cost and high-quality methods of infertility treatment.

Research on Digital Greening Management of Smart Gardens in Chenggong District, Kunming City

With the rapid urbanization in China, city scales have expanded, bringing numerous management challenges. The continuous expansion of urban green spaces highlights the difficulty of adapting traditional urban garden management to complex conditions. The solution lies in using AI and big data for smart city management, specifically termed 'Smart Gardens'. This system integrates modern information technology into daily urban garden management. Through platform management systems, it enables comprehensive planning, construction, maintenance, supervision, and service of urban green spaces. This ensures real-time data updates, visualized management, and dynamic services. This digital transformation is essential. This paper analyzes the current issues and future development strategies of digitalized garden management in Chenggong District, Kunming. Through literature review, field research, and data collection, it aims to enhance the green space management in Chenggong District and other regions.

Effects of Testosterone Hormone on the Sexual Aspect of Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review.

A decrease in testosterone levels in women during the postmenopausal period is associated with a wide range of signs and symptoms that can negatively impact their sexual quality of life. Due to this, it is crucial to understand and address this hormone deficiency with appropriate medication. To summarize the effects of testosterone treatment on the sexual aspects of postmenopausal women, PubMed was searched from 1974 to the present using the following MESH terms: (((testosterone) OR (androgens)) OR (testosterone deficiency)) AND (sexual dysfunction) AND (postmenopausal women) AND (current therapy replacement))). The inclusion criteria were studies with observational and experimental approaches that evaluated the mechanism of action of testosterone in postmenopausal women. The updated data indicate that testosterone therapy alleviates many of the signs and symptoms related to sexual dysfunction in menopausal women. However, the evidence is limited due to the small sample sizes and the relatively few studies on this topic. As our understanding of the relationship between testosterone and postmenopausal women advances, there has been significant development in the use of this hormone. To validate these findings and ensure they are generalizable, further randomized controlled trials are essential. Future studies should focus on confirming the efficacy of testosterone therapy.

Radiation shielding calculation for interventional radiology: An updated workload survey using a dose monitoring software

Shielding design is an essential aspect of radiation protection. It is necessary to ensure that barriers safeguard workers, patients, the general public, and the environment from the harmful radiation emitted by X-ray machines. The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) 147 method is widely accepted within the radiation protection experts’ (RPEs) community for structural shielding design for medical X-ray imaging facilities. However, these indications are based on data collected in 1996. In recent years, interventional radiology procedures have seen significant developments. Therefore, it is important to evaluate whether updating the data on workload in the different specialities is necessary.We extracted all interventional radiology exposure data parameters from three angiographs from two vendors using dose monitoring software for 3066 procedures and 214,697 individual exposures. The workload distribution as a function of the kVp for five interventional rooms was calculated by summing all exposures and then normalising them by the number of patients.Analysing this data, we obtained new transmission curves through lead, concrete and gypsum wallboard, finding the parameters (α, β, and γ) in the Archer equation for the secondary radiation. Finally, our aim was to share an example of shielding calculations for haemodynamics and neuroangiography rooms to illustrate the impact of updated transmission data.

Next - generation sequencing whole genome respiratory syncytial virus in North Viet Nam, 2017 – 2020

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections pose a significant risk to both children and adults worldwide. 95% of children have been affected by RSV at least one time before 2 years old. This study aims to develop and apply a high-throughput sequencing strategy to sequence Vietnamese RSV whole genomes directly from clinical specimens in North Vietnam, 2017 - 2020. 38 clinical RSV-A and 43 clinical RSV-B samples were used to extract RNA, then converted to cDNA and PCR with specific primer sets. Next-generation sequencer with Illumina platform and analysis data by CLC Genomics Workbench. In silico analysis and laboratory testing revealed that the primer sets worked well and successfully amplified the whole genome of RSV. The nucleotide positions of gene start and gene end, as well as the substitutions in amino acid in each gene were determined. This protocol is simple to set up, easily scalable in sample preparation, and suitable for analysis. This reseach is the first public method of whole genome RSV sequencing and the most updated data of molecular RSV genome after 2015 in Viet Nam.

A Comparative Analysis of Gain-of-Function Research and Future Perspectives

Gain-of-function (GOF) research is both impactful and controversial, as it involves genetically altering a pathogen to enhance its biological functions. One side believes that GOF research can offer knowledge about deadly pathogens and allow scientists to prevent future outbreaks. However, the other side argues that GOF research risks causing pandemics, making it too dangerous. There is clear disagreement in the scientific community regarding GOF research. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the GOF research debate by comparing the arguments and presenting the common grounds between them, as well as the limitations of current literature. Both sides prioritize protecting humankind yet emphasize the need for public involvement in the GOF research debate. Due to the pressing and significant need to make a decision regarding the future of GOF research, more objective papers with updated arguments and data are needed for both sides of the debate, and more effort should be put forward to inform the public so they can be involved in the discussions.