Updated Classification Research Articles

Adaptive robust Adaboost-based twin support vector machine with universum data

Universum, as third class that does not belong to the positive class and negative class, allows to incorporate the prior knowledge into the learning process. A lot of reaserchers confirmed that Universum is helpful in the supervised and semi-supervised learning. Moreover, Universum has already been introduced into the support vector machine (SVM) to enhance the generalisation performance. The twin support vector machine (TSVM) serves as an updated classification algorithm based on SVM, having a fast calculation speed. So we introduce Universum into TWSVM to improve the generalisation performance in the same way. Furthermore, in order to make the generalisation performance better in complex environment, an adaptive robust Adaboost-based twin support vector machine with universum learning (ARABUTWSVM) is put up in this paper. First of all, universum learning is used in TSVM to settle a matter of universum data. In order to make our method more robust, we use various loss functions selected by adaptive parameter θ and an update metric induced by correntropy method for distance measure. Further, so as to make further improvement of the learning effect of our method, the Adaboost method is embeded to ARABUTWSVM. The comprehensive experimentation has been performed on various datasets compared with previous universum learning methods, which show that ARABUTWSVM is an adaptive and robust method.

Suggestions for a New Clinical Classification Approach to Panniculitis Based on a Mayo Clinic Experience of 207 Cases.

Panniculitis, or inflammation of adipose tissue, includes a heterogeneous group of disorders with similar morphologic presentations. Currently, panniculitides are classified based on histopathologic findings only. In this retrospective study of 207 cases of biopsy-proven panniculitis over 20 years at Mayo Clinic, we aimed to propose a new classification that integrates the clinical morphologic features with the histopathology of panniculitis. We collected patient demographic and lesion morphologic characteristics using lesion photographs and physician notes for each of our 207 cases, including location, ulceration, scale, pattern(unilateral versus circumferential), atrophy/sclerosis (cicatricial), redness, and swelling. The panniculitides most likely to ulcerate were calciphylaxis (85.7% ulcerating), pancreatic panniculitis (66.6%), and α1-antitrypsin deficiency-associated panniculitis (100%). The panniculitides least likely to ulcerate were erythema nodosum and medication-inducedand granulomatous panniculitis. This retrospective study used only descriptions in clinical notes and available medical photographs. We present an updated classification schema of panniculitides based on clinical findings. The primary distinctions are based on ulceration, location, and number of lesions. Although complete distinction of all panniculitides based on clinical examination alone is not possible, we hope the proposed schema allows clinicians to tailordifferential diagnoses.

Molecular phylogenetics of the Clupeiformes based on exon-capture data and a new classification of the order

The Clupeiformes, including among others herrings, anchovies, shads and menhadens are ecologically and commercially important, yet their phylogenetic relationships are still controversial. Previous classification of Clupeiformes were based on morphological characters or lack of synapomorphic characters. More recent studies based on molecular data as well as new morphological evidence are keeping challenging their phylogenetic relations and there is still no consensus on many interrelationships within the Clupeiformes. In this study, we collected nuclear sequence data from 4,434 single-copy protein coding loci using a gene-capture method. We obtained a robust phylogeny based on 1,165 filtered loci with less than 30 % missing data. Our major findings include: 1) reconfirmation of monophyly of the Clupeiformes, that is, Denticipitidae is sister to all other clupeiforms; 2) the polyphyletic nature of dussumieriids and early branching of Spratelloididae from all other clupeoids were confirmed using datasets curated for less missing data and more balanced base composition in the respective taxa. The next branching clade is the monophyletic Engraulidae. Pristigasteridae also is monophyletic, but it was nested in the previously defined “Clupeidae”. Within Pristigasteridae there is no support for monophyletic Pelloninae. Chirocentrus is close to Dussumieria and not to engraulids. The miniaturized Sundasalanx is placed close to the ehiravine Clupeonella, however, with a relatively deep split. The genus Clupea, is not part of the diverse “Clupeidae”, but part of a clade containing additionally Sprattus and Etrumeus. Within the crown group clades, Alosidae and Dorosomatidae are retrieved as sister clades. Based on new fossil calibration points, we found that major lineages of the clupeiforms diverged in the late Cretaceous and early Paleogene. The extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous may have created ecological niches, which could have fueled the diversification of clupeiform fishes. Based on the strong evidence of the present study, we propose an updated classification of Clupeiformes consisting of ten families: Denticipitidae; Spratelloididae; Engraulidae (Engraulinae + Coiliinae); Clupeidae; Chirocentridae; Dussumieriidae; Pristigasteridae; Ehiravidae; Alosidae, Dorosomatidae.

Updated Trewartha climate classification with four climate change scenarios

AbstractThe Updated Trewartha climate classification (TWCC) at global level shows the changes that are expected as a consequence of global temperature increase and imbalance of precipitation. This type of classification is more precise than the Köppen climate classification. Predictions included the increase in global temperature (T in °C) and change in the amount of precipitation (PA in mm). Two climate models MIROC6 and IPSL‐CM6A‐ LR were used, along with 4261 meteorological stations from which the data on temperature and precipitation were taken. These climate models were used because they represent the most extreme models in the CMIP6 database. Four scenarios of climate change and their territories were analysed in accordance with the TWCC classification. Four scenarios of representative concentration pathway (RCP) by 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 W/m2 follow the increase of temperature between 0.3°C and 4.3°C in relation to precipitation and are being analysed for the periods 2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2061–2080 and 2081–2100. The biggest extremes are shown in the last grid for the period 2081–2100, reflecting the increase of T up to 4.3°C. With the help of GIS (geographical information systems) and spatial analyses, it is possible to estimate the changes in climate zones as well as their movement. Australia and South East Asia will suffer the biggest changes of biomes, followed by South America and North America. Climate belts to undergo the biggest change due to such temperature according to TWCC are Ar, Am, Aw and BS, BW, E, Ft and Fi. The Antarctic will lose 11.5% of the territory under Fi and Ft climates within the period between 2081 and 2100. The conclusion is that the climates BW, Bwh and Bwk, which represent the deserts, will increase by 119.8% with the increase of T by 4.3°C.

A revised subgeneric classification of Trillium (Parideae, Melanthiaceae)

Results of recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have shown that the previous separation of Trillium into two subgenera based on pedicellate or sessile flowers is untenable. An updated infrageneric classification is presented recognising four subgenera in the genus, consistent with phylogenetic analyses. The three clades of pedicellate-flowered species are recognised here as subgenera: subgen. Trillium, Delostylis and newly named Callipetalon. The fourth, Trillium subgen. Sessilia, includes all sessile-flowered species. Orthographic considerations necessitate corrections to two previously published subgeneric names: Delostylium and Sessilium should be Delostylis and Sessilia.

New insights into the phylogeny of the complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiopsida) based on chloroplast genomes.

Marchantiopsida (complex thalloid liverworts) are one of the earliest lineages of embryophytes (land plants), and well-known for their air pores and chambers, pegged rhizoids, and absence of organellular RNA editing sites. Despite their importance to an understanding of early embryophyte evolution, many key nodes within this class remain poorly resolved, owing to the paucity of genetic loci previously available for phylogenetic analyses. Here, we sequenced 54 plastomes, representing 28 genera, nearly all families, and all orders of Marchantiopsida. Based on these plastomes, we present a hypothesis of deep relationships within the class, and make the first investigations of gene contents and synteny. Overall, the Marchantiopsida plastomes were well-conserved, with the exception of the genus Cyathodium that has plastomes with higher GC content, fewer single sequence repeats (SSRs), and more structural variations, implying that this genus might possess RNA editing sites. Abundant repetitive elements and six highly divergent regions were identified as suitable for future infrafamilial taxonomic studies. The phylogenetic topology of Sphaerocarpales, Neohodgsoniales and Blasiales within Marchantiopsida was essentially congruent with previous studies but generally we obtained higher support values. Based on molecular evidence and previous morphological studies, we include Lunulariales in Marchantiales and suggest the retention of narrowed delimitation of monotypic families. The phylogenetic relationships within Marchantiales were better resolved, and 13 monophyletic families were recovered. Our analyses confirmed that the loss of intron 2 of ycf3 is a synapomorphy of Marchantiidae. Finally, we propose a new genus, Asterellopsis (Aytoniaceae), and present an updated classification of Marchantiopsida. The highly supported phylogenetic backbone provided here establishes a framework for future comparative and evolutionary studies of the complex thalloid liverworts.

An introduction to the WHO 5th edition 2022 classification of testicular tumours.

The 5th edition of the World Health Organisation Blue Book was published recently and includes a comprehensive update on testicular tumours. This builds upon the work of the 4th edition, retaining its structure and main nomenclature, including the use of the term ‘germ cell neoplasia in situ’ (GCNIS) for the pre‐invasive lesion of most germ cell tumours and division from those not derived from GCNIS. While there have been important developments in understanding the molecular underpinnings of testicular cancer, this updated classification paradigm and approach remains rooted in morphology. Nomenclature changes include replacement of the term ‘primitive neuroectodermal tumour’ by ‘embryonic neuroectodermal tumour’ based on the non‐specificity of the former term and to separate these tumours clearly from Ewing sarcoma. Seminoma is placed in a germinoma family of tumours emphasising relation to those tumours at other sites. Criteria for the diagnosis of ‘teratoma with somatic transformation’ have been modified to not include variable field size assessments. The word ‘carcinoid’ has been changed to ‘neuroendocrine tumour’, with most examples in the testis now classified as ‘prepubertal type testicular neuroendocrine tumour’. For sex cord‐stromal tumours, the use of mitotic counts per high‐power field has been changed to per mm2 for malignancy assessments, and the new entities, ‘signet ring stromal tumour’ and ‘myoid gonadal stromal tumour’, are defined. Well‐differentiated papillary mesothelial tumour has now been defined as tumour type with a favourable prognosis. Sertoliform cystadenoma has been removed as an entity from testicular adnexal tumours and placed with Sertoli cell tumours.

Sustainable Supply Chain Management: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Industrial Practices

Sustainable business practices are those that allow companies to increase their profit while still considering the triple bottom line of sustainability, which involves economic, environmental, and social aspects. There are a lot of studies exploring various aspects of supply chain practices. However, there remains a gap for the proposal of a complete framework concerning various industries. This research fills this gap by studying existing empirical and review studies. Based on a content analysis of 86 studies, 789 practices are derived and categorized, leading to a comprehensive classification of sustainable practices in supply chains. Moreover, the employed methods to analyze the data are investigated. The practices are cross-checked versus the studied industries showing the current sustainable industries. The details of the studied papers are presented in a comprehensive table. The sustainable framework showing the industrial solutions toward sustainable supply chains is divided into 38 minor practices classified into 11 main categories. This paper provides a novel interpretation of the sustainable solutions addressed by different industries and presents a new and updated classification of the literature identifying future directions. This offers many advantages for practitioners and researchers to transform a supply chain into an improved version in the bigger picture.

Human Inborn Errors of Immunity: 2022 Update on the Classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee

We report the updated classification of inborn errors of immunity, compiled by the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee. This report documents the key clinical and laboratory features of 55 novel monogenic gene defects, and 1 phenocopy due to autoantibodies, that have either been discovered since the previous update (published January 2020) or were characterized earlier but have since been confirmed or expanded in subsequent studies. While variants in additional genes associated with immune diseases have been reported in the literature, this update includes only those that the committee assessed that reached the necessary threshold to represent novel inborn errors of immunity. There are now a total of 485 inborn errors of immunity. These advances in discovering the genetic causes of human immune diseases continue to significantly further our understanding of molecular, cellular, and immunological mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, thereby simultaneously enhancing immunological knowledge and improving patient diagnosis and management. This report is designed to serve as a resource for immunologists and geneticists pursuing the molecular diagnosis of individuals with heritable immunological disorders and for the scientific dissection of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying monogenic and related human immune diseases.

Current possibilities of pharmacological correction of neuroimmune joint damage in patients with knee osteoarthritis in long COVID conditions

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the parenteral form of pharmaceutical chondroitin sulfate (CS) in neuroimmune joint damage in patients with early knee osteoarthritis (OA) in long COVID.Patients and methods. An open prospective controlled randomized study was conducted, its duration was 50 days of active controlled therapy. The study included 82 patients (age 57–63 years, men – 29, women – 53) with clinical symptoms of early knee OA and confirmed long COVID type 2 (persistence of symptoms 4–12 weeks after infection with SARS-CoV2). The diagnosis of OA was established in accordance with the updated classification criteria for early knee OA (2018).Patients were randomized into two groups: group 1 – the main group (n=42) and group 2 – control group (n=40). Patients in both groups received celecoxib at a dose of 200 mg with the possibility of reducing the dose to 100 mg or completely discontinuing the drug if necessary. Patients of the 1st group additionally received a parenteral form of CS (Chondroguard® solution for intramuscular and intraarticular administration, 100 mg/ml). At baseline (Day 1) and on the 50th day of the study, pain intensity was assessed in all patients using a visual analogue scale (VAS), the degree of functional impairment (FI) of the joints according to the Lequesne index, ultrasound of the knee joint was performed, CRP, D-dimer, fibrinogen, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6 levels were studied. The presence of SARS-CoV2 was determined by polymerase chain reaction in scrapings from the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and oropharynx, and a qualitative proteomic analysis was performed (1-2DE, MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS, PathCards database). The safety of therapy was assessed using the WHO and Naranjo scales.Results and discussion. It was established that CS therapy was well tolerated and was accompanied by a significant decrease in pain intensity according to VAS (U-test=5.71; p<0.0001), in FI according to the Lequesne scale (U-test=6.32; p<0.0001), in manifestations of synovitis and tendinitis in the group treated with CS and celecoxib, compared with the control group. During the treatment by CS a statistically significant (p<0.0001) decrease in the level of pro-inflammatory markers in the blood serum (CRP, IL6, IL1β), D-dimer and fibrinogen was noted. Proteomic analysis showed a decrease in the blood serum of patients of the 1st group of eotaxin 1, IL8, IL15, interferon γ inducible protein 10 levels, and an increase in the expression of nerve fiber growth factor β, an antagonist of the IL1 receptor.Conclusion. The use of pharmaceutical parenteral CS in combination with oral celecoxib in patients with early OA of the knee joint, the clinical signs of which manifested after infection with SARS-CoV2 and persisted in long COVID conditions, contributed to a decrease in the severity of pain and stiffness in the knee joint, as well as improved functional capabilities.

The ILAE consensus classification of focal cortical dysplasia: An update proposed by an ad hoc task force of the ILAE diagnostic methods commission.

Ongoing challenges in diagnosing focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) mandate continuous research and consensus agreement to improve disease definition and classification. An International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Task Force (TF) reviewed the FCD classification of 2011 to identify existing gaps and provide a timely update. The following methodology was applied to achieve this goal: a survey of published literature indexed with ((Focal Cortical Dysplasia) AND (epilepsy)) between 01/01/2012 and 06/30/2021 (n = 1349) in PubMed identified the knowledge gained since 2012 and new developments in the field. An online survey consulted the ILAE community about the current use of the FCD classification scheme with 367 people answering. The TF performed an iterative clinico‐pathological and genetic agreement study to objectively measure the diagnostic gap in blood/brain samples from 22 patients suspicious for FCD and submitted to epilepsy surgery. The literature confirmed new molecular‐genetic characterizations involving the mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in FCD type II (FCDII), and SLC35A2 in mild malformations of cortical development (mMCDs) with oligodendroglial hyperplasia (MOGHE). The electro‐clinical‐imaging phenotypes and surgical outcomes were better defined and validated for FCDII. Little new information was acquired on clinical, histopathological, or genetic characteristics of FCD type I (FCDI) and FCD type III (FCDIII). The survey identified mMCDs, FCDI, and genetic characterization as fields for improvement in an updated classification. Our iterative clinico‐pathological and genetic agreement study confirmed the importance of immunohistochemical staining, neuroimaging, and genetic tests to improve the diagnostic yield. The TF proposes to include mMCDs, MOGHE, and “no definite FCD on histopathology” as new categories in the updated FCD classification. The histopathological classification can be further augmented by advanced neuroimaging and genetic studies to comprehensively diagnose FCD subtypes; these different levels should then be integrated into a multi‐layered diagnostic scheme. This update may help to foster multidisciplinary efforts toward a better understanding of FCD and the development of novel targeted treatment options.

Abstract 1448: Novel specific susceptibility loci identified for pediatric and adult ependymoma in first histology-specific genome-wide association study

Abstract Despite extensive research, a small proportion of the variants contributing to the genetic architecture of brain tumors have been reported. The published GWAS have been largely performed on pooled histological subtypes of glioma and most of these studies have been conducted primarily for adult tumors. Therefore, we aimed to perform the first GWAS specifically for ependymoma to identify the genetic variants associated with the risk of these tumors and to investigate the similarities/differences between the genetic architectures of adult and pediatric ependymomas. Germline SNP-array data of ependymoma cases were obtained from nine studies or biobanks across the United States and Europe. Controls were randomly selected with the ratio of 10:1 from three of those studies and a separate publicly available database. Additionally, germline whole genome sequencing data on cases and controls from St Jude Cloud were utilized. In total, 483 pediatric cases and 265 adult cases and 5592 controls were included. The same quality control procedures were applied to all studies. Data were imputed based on the Haplotype Reference Consortium using EAGLE. Meta-analyses were performed based on GMMAT and logistic regression. The results were adjusted for sex, ancestry and PCs. PAINTOR was used to identify the plausible causal variants, and eQTL and gene enrichment analyses were performed. We identified 16 independent significant SNPs which were specifically associated with pediatric ependymoma risk, of which 10 SNPs were plausible causal. The significant variants were located on 1q32.2 (KCNH1), 2p14 (MEIS1-AS3), 4p15.32 (LDB2), 6p21.32 (HLA-DQA), 6p21.33 (BX927178/CR759828), 7p21.3 (UMAD1), 11p12 (LRRC4C), 11q24.2 (KRT18P59), 14q24.3 (SPTLC2), and 21q11.2 (LOC112268283/FEM1AP1). The 18 identified independent significant SNPs associated with risk of adult ependymoma were located on 4p16.1 (SORCS2), 6p11.2, 6p21.31(KCTD20), 6p21.32 (HLA-DQA1), 7q31.32, 8p23.1 (LOC157273), 8q24.3 (PLEC), 10p13 (PTER), 11q23.3 (GRIK4), 19q13.11 (CEP89), and 22q11.1 (XKR3), of which 8 variants were plausible causal. One intronic variant associated with susceptibility of both pediatric and adult ependymomas was detected; rs68160486 (CCDC85A 2p16.1 PPediatric=3.41x10-8, PAdult=2.12x10-8). The genetic architectures of adult and pediatric ependymomas appear to largely differ from one another. We identified novel variants for these tumors that have not been previously reported for GWAS of combined glioma subtypes. This analysis highlights the need to conduct additional GWAS of more refined glioma subtypes, perhaps even utilizing newer data on molecularly defined subtypes that are emerging in updated pathological classification schemes. Citation Format: Maral Adel Fahmideh, Spiridon Tsavachidis, Stephen C. Mack, Xiao Xiangjun, Terri S. Armstrong, Mark R. Gilbert, NCI-Connect, iPSYCH Consortium, GICC, Lisa Mirabello, Smita Bhatia, Wendy M. Leisenring, Lindsay M. Morton, Gregory T. Armstrong, Jon Foss-Skiftesvik, Christian M. Hagen, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Manel Ghozal, Audrey Bonaventure, Jacqueline Clavel, Melissa L. Bondy, Christopher I. Amos, Michael E. Scheurer. Novel specific susceptibility loci identified for pediatric and adult ependymoma in first histology-specific genome-wide association study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1448.

Proactive approach with feature selection for thyroid classification by adopting data mining techniques

Data mining holds a staggering amount of promise for healthcare services due to the rapid growth of enormous amounts of electronic health records. In the past, healthcare professionals and physicians manually kept track of patient information. The data was a pain to keep up with. By modernizing and digitizing data and making it available in an easily accessible format, new strategies are introduced to reduce human labor. The main goal is to detect disease diagnosis at an earlier stage and with greater precision.Data mining is an important aspect of the classification idea in health care services. The diagnosis of diseases and the provision of necessary therapy for patients has become a major problem for healthcare providers. Thyroid disease is recognized with increased accuracy in this research using updated data mining algorithms and classification systems, which is more significant in diagnosing a chronic condition like thyroid. This study discusses the topic of dimensionality reduction and the usage of feature selection techniques, which is one of the most important tasks in feature engineering. An algorithm is proposed that provides a solution to the difficulties in the existing categorization system. According to the findings, the proposed methodology greatly improves thyroid disease classification accuracy.

An updated infra-familial classification of Sapindaceae based on targeted enrichment data

An updated infra-familial classification of Sapindaceae based on targeted enrichment data

Reticular Pseudodrusen: The Third Macular Risk Feature for Progression to Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Report 30

To analyze reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) as an independent risk factor for progression to late age-related macular degeneration (AMD), alongside traditional macular risk factors (soft drusen and pigmentary abnormalities) considered simultaneously. Post hoc analysis of 2 clinical trial cohorts: Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) and AREDS2. Eyes with no late AMD at baseline in AREDS (6959 eyes, 3780 participants) and AREDS2 (3355 eyes, 2056 participants). Color fundus photographs (CFPs) from annual visits were graded for soft drusen, pigmentary abnormalities, and late AMD. Presence of RPD was from grading of fundus autofluorescence images (AREDS2) and deep learning grading of CFPs (AREDS). Proportional hazards regression analyses were performed, considering AREDS AMD severity scales (modified simplified severity scale [person] and 9-step scale [eye]) and RPD presence simultaneously. Progression to late AMD, geographic atrophy (GA), and neovascular AMD. In AREDS, for late AMD analyses by person, in a model considering the simplified severity scale simultaneously, RPD presence was associated with a higher risk of progression: hazard ratio (HR), 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75-2.64). However, the risk associated with RPD presence differed at different severity scale levels: HR, 3.23 (95% CI, 1.60-6.51), HR, 3.81 (95% CI, 2.38-6.10), HR, 2.28 (95% CI, 1.59-3.27), and HR, 1.64 (95% CI, 1.20-2.24), at levels 0-1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Considering the 9-step scale (by eye), RPD presence was associated with higher risk: HR, 2.54 (95% CI, 2.07-3.13). The HRs were 5.11 (95% CI, 3.93-6.66) at levels 1-6 and 1.78 (95% CI, 1.43-2.22) at levels 7 and 8. In AREDS2, by person, RPD presence was not associated with higher risk: HR, 1.18 (95% CI, 0.90-1.56); by eye, it was HR, 1.57 (95% CI, 1.31-1.89). In both cohorts, RPD presence carried a higher risk for GA than neovascular AMD. Reticular pseudodrusen represent an important risk factor for progression to late AMD, particularly GA. However, the added risk varies markedly by severity level, with highly increased risk at lower/moderate levels and less increased risk at higher levels. Reticular pseudodrusen status should be included in updated AMD classification systems, risk calculators, and clinical trials.

Recent advances on phylogenomics of gymnosperms and a new classification

Living gymnosperms comprise four major groups: cycads, Ginkgo, conifers, and gnetophytes. Relationships among/within these lineages have not been fully resolved. Next generation sequencing has made available a large number of sequences, including both plastomes and single-copy nuclear genes, for reconstruction of solid phylogenetic trees. Recent advances in gymnosperm phylogenomic studies have updated our knowledge of gymnosperm systematics. Here, we review major advances of gymnosperm phylogeny over the past 10 years and propose an updated classification of extant gymnosperms. This new classification includes three classes (Cycadopsida, Ginkgoopsida, and Pinopsida), five subclasses (Cycadidae, Ginkgoidae, Cupressidae, Pinidae, and Gnetidae), eight orders (Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Araucariales, Cupressales, Pinales, Ephedrales, Gnetales, and Welwitschiales), 13 families, and 86 genera. We also described six new tribes including Acmopyleae Y. Yang, Austrocedreae Y. Yang, Chamaecyparideae Y. Yang, Microcachrydeae Y. Yang, Papuacedreae Y. Yang, and Prumnopityeae Y. Yang, and made 27 new combinations in the genus Sabina.

Updated Diagnosis Grouping System for Pediatric Emergency Department Visits.

This study aims to update the Diagnosis Grouping System (DGS) for International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision ( ICD-10 ) codes for ongoing use. The DGS was developed in 2010 using ICD-9 codes with 21 major groups and 27 subgroups to facilitate research on pediatric patients presenting to emergency departments and required updated classification for more recent ICD codes. All emergency department discharges available in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) database for 2016 were included to identify ICD-10 codes. These codes were then mapped onto the DGS codes originally derived from ICD-9 . We used ICD-10 codes from the PECARN database from 2017 to 2019 to confirm validity. The DGS was updated with ICD-10 codes based on 2016 PECARN data, and this updated DGS was successfully applied to 6,853,479 (97.3%) of all codes from 2017 to 2019. Using ICD-10 codes from the PECARN Registry, the DGS was updated to reflect ICD-10 codes to facilitate ongoing research.

Typification of ovine and caprine production systems in the Colombian dry tropic

The objective of this study was to typify ovine and/or caprine production systems in Cesar department, in the Colombian Caribbean region. Farmers from 25 municipalities of Cesar (n = 360) were surveyed about different areas of animal production. The most influential variables were obtained through a Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) and these results were used to run a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), followed by statistical comparison. Three clusters of production systems (PS) were identified: traditional ovine and/or caprine production system – TPS (84.9%), mixed ovine and/or caprine production system - MPS (11.4%), and specialized ovine and/or caprine production system - SPS (3.7%). This study proposes an updated classification of sheep and/or goat production systems in Cesar, Colombia.

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Children and Adolescents: 2022 Update: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents has markedly increased since publication of the last American Heart Association scientific statement on pediatric ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in 2014. In addition, there has also been significant expansion of the evidence base for use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the pediatric population, including new data linking ambulatory blood pressure levels with the development of blood pressure-related target organ damage. Last, additional data have recently been published that enable simplification of the classification of pediatric ambulatory monitoring studies. This scientific statement presents a succinct review of this new evidence, guidance on optimal application of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the clinical setting, and an updated classification scheme for the interpretation of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents. We also highlight areas of uncertainty where additional research is needed.

Cardiorenal Syndrome: An Updated Classification Based on Clinical Hallmarks.

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is defined as progressive, combined cardiac and renal dysfunction. In this mini review, a historical note on CRS is presented, the pathomechanisms and clinical hallmarks of both chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease are discussed, and an updated classification of CRS is proposed. The current consensus classification relies on the assumed etiology and the course of the disease, i.e., acute or chronic CRS. Five types are described: type-I CRS presenting as acute cardiac failure leading to acute renal failure; type-II CRS presenting as chronic cardiac failure leading to chronic renal failure; type-III CRS presenting as acute kidney injury aggravating heart failure; type-IV CRS presenting as chronic kidney failure aggravating heart failure; and type-V CRS presenting as concurrent, chronic cardiac and renal failure. For an updated classification, information on the presence or absence of valvular heart disease and on the presence of hyper- or hypovolemia is added. Thus, CRS is specified as “acute” (type-I, type-III or type-V CRS) or “chronic” (type-II, type-IV or type-V) CRS, as “valvular” or “nonvalvular” CRS, and as “hyper-” or “hypovolemia-associated” CRS if euvolemia is absent. To enable the use of this updated classification, validation studies are mandated.