The crystalline colloidal arrays with controllable photonic bandgaps were prepared by the change of volume fraction of the polystyrene microspheres. Upconversion emission property of fluorescent dye has investigated in crystalline colloidal array, and continuous modification of the upconversion emission of fluorescent dye was observed. A significant suppression of upconversion emission of dye in the range of the photonic bandgap as well as enhancement at the bandgap edge was obtained in the crystalline colloidal arrays. In addition, upconversion emission of dye was also enhanced when the excited light overlapped with the long or short bandgap edge of the crystalline colloidal arrays, which is due to slow photons effect near the edges of a photonic bandgap. The continuous modification and enhancement of upconversion emission may be important for the development of low-threshold upconversion lasers and displays.