Up-to Date Research Articles

Psychosocial Correlates of Experience and Intention to Receive Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Cross-Sectional Study Among East African Men in the U.S.

Cancer screening is an important approach to reducing disease burden. The rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among immigrants in the U.S. is very low. Our study's aim was to examine correlates of experience with, and intention to, receive CRC screening among East African men who were up-to-date (UTD) with CRC screening (n = 64, mean age 65) and those who had never been screened or were overdue for one (NOD; n = 47, mean age 60), compared on demographic characteristics, attitudes toward cancer, psychosocial stress, and health behaviors. UTD men had significantly less emotional concerns about cancer screening and experienced significantly greater distress and lower resiliency than NOD men. However, these results were attenuated after controlling for demographic confounders. Perceived risk, trust in the medical system, and PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with an intention to undertake CRC screening in the next 12months. These results should be used to guide efforts toward increasing CRC screening rates among immigrant communities.

Delamination evaluation in drilling of composite materials – A review

The persisting challenge for adaptable composite material, to make a remarkable material property along with lighter and stiffer parts. This leads to a wider application of composite materials (CFRPs and GFRPs) due to its better adaptability and predominant properties. Mechanical drilling is inevitable mode of operation and it’s always challenging and difficult for CFRP which leads to various onset damages. Drilling originated delamination at entry and exit of hole is most undesirable and defying damage leads to material rejection. Delamination assessment is always important for correction and improvement of assemble parts to achieve highest performance index. During last few decades, various delamination factors have been derived and suggested as a point of reference for delamination measurement and meanwhile various delamination assessment techniques are being proposed to measure the severity of delaminated zone for evaluation of delamination. This state-of-art review paper summarizes various delamination quantification and measurement techniques for the correction and improvement of drilling approach reported in open literature. It can be referenced not only as an up-to date summary available form past results but also possibilities for future scope to subdue delamination during drilling in CFRP.

Association of the COVID-19 Pandemic With Routine Childhood Vaccination Rates and Proportion Up to Date With Vaccinations Across 8 US Health Systems in the Vaccine Safety Datalink

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected routine vaccine delivery in the US and globally. The magnitude of these disruptions and their association with childhood vaccination coverage are unclear. To compare trends in pediatric vaccination before and during the pandemic and to evaluate the proportion of children up to date (UTD) with vaccinations by age, race, and ethnicity. This surveillance study used a prepandemic-postpandemic control design with data from 8 health systems in California, Oregon, Washington, Colorado, Minnesota, and Wisconsin in the Vaccine Safety Datalink. Children from age groups younger than 24 months and 4 to 6, 11 to 13, and 16 to 18 years were included if they had at least 1 week of health system enrollment from January 5, 2020, through October 3, 2020, over periods before the US COVID-19 pandemic (January 5, 2020, through March 14, 2020), during age-limited preventive care (March 15, 2020, through May 16, 2020), and during expanded primary care (May 17, 2020, through October 3, 2020). These individuals were compared with those enrolled during analogous weeks in 2019. This study evaluated UTD status among children reaching specific ages in February, May, and September 2020, compared with those reaching these ages in 2019. Weekly vaccination rates for routine age-specific vaccines and the proportion of children UTD for all age-specific recommended vaccines. Of 1 399 708 children in 2019 and 1 402 227 in 2020, 1 371 718 were female (49.0%) and 1 429 979 were male (51.0%); 334 216 Asian individuals (11.9%), 900 226 were Hispanic individuals (32.1%), and 201 619 non-Hispanic Black individuals (7.2%). Compared with the prepandemic period and 2019, the age-limited preventive care period was associated with lower weekly vaccination rates, with ratios of rate ratios of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.80-0.85) among those younger than 24 months, 0.18 (95% CI, 0.16-0.20) among those aged 4 to 6 years, 0.16 (95% CI, 0.14-0.17) among those aged 11 to 13 years, and 0.10 (95% CI, 0.08-0.13) among those aged 16 to 18 years. Vaccination rates during expanded primary care remained lower for most ages (ratios of rate ratios: <24 months, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.93-0.98]; 11-13 years, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.76-0.86]; 16-18 years, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.51-0.63]). In September 2020, 74% (95% CI, 73%-76%) of infants aged 7 months and 57% (95% CI, 56%-58%) of infants aged 18 months were UTD vs 81% (95% CI, 80%-82%) and 61% (95% CI, 60%-62%), respectively, in September 2019. The proportion UTD was lowest in non-Hispanic Black children across most age groups, both during and prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (eg, in May 2019, 70% [95% CI, 64%-75%] of non-Hispanic Black infants aged 7 months were UTD vs 82% [95% CI, 81%-83%] in all infants aged 7 months combined). As of September 2020, childhood vaccination rates and the proportion who were UTD remained lower than 2019 levels. Interventions are needed to promote catch-up vaccination, particularly in populations at risk for underimmunization.

Stratum Displacement Law and Intelligent Optimization Control Based on Intelligent Fuzzy Control Theory During Shield Tunneling

The laws of Stratum displacement and optimal control are critical for shield operation. This article’s focus is made on the intelligent fuzzy control theory concentrating on earth pressure, total thrust, driving speed, cutter torque, grouting pressure and grouting volume as the main elements of the study. A model of intelligent fuzzy control theory based on the model of No. 9 Line of Guangzhu Rail transit, on the Tianma river shield section. The paper also analyzes stratum displacement law due to shield tunnelling, executes &amp; analyses intelligent controls for optimization of parameters, combining the five two-dimensional structures of the double structure of fuzzy control system. According to the observations made on the model. The model is upto date and the control of all parameters develops stably. The parameter ranges should be controlled as follows: earth pressure, 0.19 ~ 0.22Mpa; total thrust, 1100 ~ 1350T; driving speed, 38 ~ 50mm / min; cutter torque, 1600 ~ 2300 KN • m; grouting pressure, 0.19 ~ 0.25Mpa and grouting volume, 30 ~ 50L/min. Keywords: Shield tunnel, intelligent fuzzy control, Stratum displacement, optimal control DOI: 10.7176/CER/13-6-01 Publication date: October 31 st 2021

Ekonominin Temel Konuları ve İslam Ekonomisi

Considering the views expressed above, it is necessary to examine the concept of Islamic Economics, which expresses the effects and scope of Islam on the field of economy more closely. To make the said study, Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan’s work called Basic Subjects of Economics and Islamic Economy will be examined because it is both up-to date and prepared as a result of long researches. Consisting of 300 pages, the study includes 14 basic chapters.

Methods and guidance on conducting, reporting, publishing and appraising living systematic reviews: a scoping review protocol.

Background: The living systematic review (LSR) approach is based on an ongoing surveillance of the literature and continual updating. A few guidance documents address the conduct, reporting, publishing and appraisal of systematic reviews (SRs), but the methodology described is either not up-to date or not suitable for LSRs and misses additional LSR-specific considerations. The objective of this scoping review is to systematically collate methodological literature and guidance on how to conduct, report, publish and appraise the quality of LSRs. The scoping review will allow the mapping of the existing evidence on the topic to support LSRs authors seeking guidance and identify related gaps. Methods: To achieve our objectives, we will conduct a scoping review to survey and evaluate existing evidence, using the standard scoping review methodology. We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane using the OVID interface. The search strategy was developed by a researcher experienced in developing literature search strategies with the help of an information specialist. As for searching grey literature, we will seek existing guidelines and handbooks on LSRs from organizations that conduct evidence syntheses using the Lens.org website. Two review authors will extract and catalogue the study data on LSR methodological aspects into a standardized and pilot-tested data extraction form. The main categories will reflect proposed methods for (i) conducting LSRs, (ii) reporting of LSRs, (iii) publishing and (iv) appraising the quality of LSRs. Data synthesis and conclusion: By collecting these data from methodological surveys and papers, as well as existing guidance documents and handbooks on LSRs, we might identify specific issues and components lacking within current LSR methodology. Thus, the systematically obtained findings of the scoping review could be used as basis for the revision of existing methods tools on LSR, for instance a PRISMA statement extension for LSRs.

Remdesivir (GS-5734) for COVID-19 Treatment: Past and Recent Updates

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is a pandemic now, and several measures have been taken by countries to prevent, control, and treat the disease. WHO has been working meticulously and has been providing up to date information and statistics on incidences and death. Several broad- -spectrum anti-viral drugs are available and have been used in the past to fight against the viral outbreak. Recently remdesivir, an experimental prodrug from Gilead Sciences, has been found to be a potential drug to be used as a therapy to treat COVID-19. Objective: Here, we have reviewed several previous findings from the literature and present an up to date information on remdesivir. Results : Remdesivir was initially invented for use against Ebola virus treatment and has proved effective against different strains of Ebola, Nipah, and other strains of coronaviruses. Clinical trials with remdesivir for COVID-19 patients have begun, and several off label use of remdesivir have been reported recently. Currently, the drug seems to have an effect against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, with side effects among a few patients. Although the results are not conclusive, they are partly promising. This review provides past and recent updates on the use of remdesivir. Conclusion: From the review, we conclude that the drug remdesivir is known to exhibit its mechanism of action by terminating the RNA synthesis, and it is a potential drug against the novel coronavirus.

Prevalence of cancer related to sociodemographic characteristics and prevention strategies in Mogadishu, Somalia

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and is estimated to account for 9.6 million death in 2018. Lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach and liver cancers are those most common among men; while breast, colorectal, lung, cervix and thyroid cancers are most frequent types among women.&#x0D; Objectives: The present study aims to assume a leading role for forthcoming researches to establish a national cancer registry database in Mogadishu, Somalia.&#x0D; Methodology: This is a retrospective 6-months analysis of cancer patients whose data were achieved from pathology department registries of Liban and Veritas Hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia.&#x0D; Results: 126 (M/F: 51 (41.5%) / 75 (59.5%)) patients were included in the study. Esophagus had been recorded as the most frequent site of organ which was diagnosed with cancer (n=74 (58.7%)). Squamous cell carcinoma was recorded to be the most frequent histopathologically confirmed subtype (n=91 (72%), M/F:34/57), which was followed by adenocarcinoma (n=16 (12.7%), M/F:11/5) and sarcoma (n=6 (4.8%), M/F:5/1) consequtively. Majority of both squamous cell carcinoma (n=37 (40.7%)) and sarcoma patients (n=3 (50%)) were &gt;60 years of age, whereas patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma (n=7 (43.75%)) were between 41-50 years of age.&#x0D; Conclusion: Emphasis should be placed on finding ways to ensure early detection and diagnosis of cancer in Mogadishu, Somalia promptly. That should begin by giving educations to community to raise public awareness, and establishing national cancer registry to reveal up-to date data in order to make risk assessment and coordinate management strategies accordingly.&#x0D; Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.756-761

Estimating the attributable fraction of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma due to hepatitis B and C.

A goal of the WHO strategy on the elimination of hepatitis as a public threat is a 65% reduction in the attributable mortality. Deaths related to hepatitis B and C infections are mostly due to decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but accurately measuring mortality is challenging as death certificates often do not capture the underlying disease. The aim of this collaborative study between European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) was to assess a WHO‐developed protocol to support countries in implementing studies to collect data on the fraction of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma attributable to hepatitis B and C. Three sentinel sites (in Bulgaria, Norway and Portugal) collected data for patients first admitted or seen in their centres during 2016. Patients with cirrhosis or HCC were identified through patient files or healthcare databases using ICD‐10 codes. The proportion of patients with cirrhosis and HCC who tested positive for HBV and HCV were calculated to estimate the aetiological fractions. After the pilot study was completed, each site was asked about the feasibility and acceptability of the protocol. A total of 1249 patients presenting with cirrhosis and/or HCC were evaluated across the three sites. The prevalence of HBV and HCV among cases of cirrhosis showed that in Norway and Portugal, HCV was responsible for about one‐quarter of the cases, whereas in Bulgaria, HBV was more common. For HCC, HCV was responsible for more than one‐third of cases in Norway and Portugal, while in Bulgaria HBV was more frequent as the underlying cause. Results obtained during the pilot study were comparable to published estimates obtained through statistical modelling or meta‐analyses. Several challenges were reported from the sites involved in the pilot including the considerable time needed for reviewing the hospital records and extracting patient data. The pilot demonstrated the feasibility of collecting data on the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among patients with cirrhosis and HCC in sentinel sites. This method can be used to estimate mortality attributable to HBV and HCV for elimination monitoring. Where easily implementable, sentinel studies are the best way to empower countries, get up‐to date data and closely monitor the changes in the attributable fraction at a country level.

The Palermo Stone and Its Associated Fragments: New Discoveries on the Oldest Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt

Historical royal sources concerning Old Kingdom Egypt are rather scarce. One of the most important is a group of seven inscribed stone fragments also known as royal annals, the most famous of which is certainly the so-called Palermo Stone. These annals have been the subject of countless studies over more than a century since their initial discovery. However, the reading and interpretation of the hieroglyphic inscriptions engraved on them is still partial and often obscure. In recent years, however, the annals underwent a complete re-examination by means of the most up-to date technologies of 3D photographic documentation and reproduction – first of all, the so-called ‘Reflectance Transformation Imaging’ (RTI). In this article we will provide some insights on the new reading of selected parts of the fragments, especially the two major pieces: the Palermo Stone and the so-called ‘Cairo Fragment 1’.

Relation of Parents Economical, Educational and Awareness on Immunization Status of Children

Aim: To determine the immunization status of children 0 to 2 years and factors leading to low vaccination status in children visiting tertiary care center. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Paediatrics Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore from 1st November 2019 to 31st April 2020. Methodology: Five hundred children age between 0-2 years were enrolled after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The mean age was 9.9±6.1 months, with mean weight of 7.4±3.4 kg and 200 (40%) were male and 300 (60%) were female patients. Sixty (12%) were not vaccinated, 145 (29%) partially vaccinated and 295 (59%) fully vaccinated. In the distribution by income level 255 (51%),180 (36%) and 65 (13%) parents were having low, middle and high income respectively; By education level,155 (31%) with no education, 140 (28%) some education and 205 (41%) with high education, regarding knowledge of immunization, 50 (10%) had no knowledge, 215 (43% )had wrong perception of immunization and 235 (47%) were fully aware.295 (59%) had up-to-date immunization Conclusion: More than half of the study populations were upto date about immunization status. It is also concluded that majority of parents of low-income level and uneducated were unknown about immunization status and majority of middle and high-income level and educated people were partial known or up-to-date about immunization status Keywords: Economical level, Educational level, Awareness level, Immunization status

Digital twin paradigm: A systematic literature review

Manufacturing enterprises are facing the need to align themselves to the new information technologies (IT) and respond to the new challenges of variable market demand. One of the key enablers of this IT revolution toward Smart Manufacturing is the digital twin (DT). It embeds a “virtual” image of the reality constantly synchronized with the real operating scenario to provide sound information (knowledge model) to reality interpretation model to draw sound decisions. The paper aims at providing an up-to date picture of the main DT components, their features and interaction problems. The paper aims at clearly tracing the ongoing research and technical challenges in conceiving and building DTs as well, according to different application domains and related technologies. To this purpose, the main questions answered here are: ‘What is a Digital Twin?’; ‘Where is appropriate to use a Digital Twin?’; ‘When has a Digital Twin to be developed?’; ‘Why should a Digital Twin be used?’; ‘How to design and implement a Digital Twin?’; ‘What are the main challenges of implementing a Digital Twin?’. This study tries to answer to the previous questions funding on a wide systematic literature review of scientific research, tools, and technicalities in different application domains.

FDI and Economic Growth in SAARC Countries: An Empirical Analysis

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI has been considered as a powerful weapon of globalization with double edge that cuts both ways mean it impacts positively and negatively. Its impacts positively by supporting the host country’s economy in terms of capital inflows and up-to date technology but FDI also affect the host country by overexploiting its resources. Despite all these thing, this capital provides an opportunity to underdeveloped and developing countries by providing to access new markets, advance technology, cost effective production facilities and more investment opportunities. It is a two way mechanism for both the countries first, from where FDI comes and second where FDI is invested in form Greenfield and Brownfield. For the host country, it is a new way to economic development. This chapter has been investigated the effect of FDI on economic growth of host country and effect of economic growth on FDI by applying regression analysis and found that that the overall model is positive and significant at 5 percent significance level for seven countries namely Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. However, for Bangladesh the model is found to be insignificant, at second stage, ADF test is employed to data for Stationarity check. ADF calculations indicate that both the variables are stationary at level and first difference at 1 percent level of significance; however few exceptions are there, at the final stage.

Parental Beliefs, Logistical Challenges, and Improvement Opportunities for Vaccination among Children Ages 19-35 Months Experiencing Homelessness

To examine parental beliefs and logistical challenges to early childhood vaccination completion as well as opportunities to support improved vaccine uptake among families experiencing homelessness. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between February 2018 and October 2019 with parents of children ages 19-35months old experiencing homelessness. Participants were recruited from 10 locations that serve families experiencing homelessness in Washington, DC and by referral from other participants. Vaccination records were obtained from health care providers to determine the child's up-to-date (UTD) status with a combined 7-vaccine series. Of 135 children of participants, only 69 (51.1%) were UTD. Most participants had at least 1 concern about childhood vaccines and at least 1 logistical barrier to completing vaccination (57% and 85.9%, respectively). The most frequent barriers were getting a convenient appointment time (46.3%), remembering appointments (44.8%), and commuting to appointments (44.4%). Although only 53.3% of the participants' children attended a licensed daycare center and only 43.7% received benefits from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), use of either of these programs that routinely assess vaccination status was associated with over 3 times higher adjusted odds of being UTD (aOR 3.4, 95% CI 1.6-7.3, and aOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.4-6.5, respectively). Logistical barriers to accessing primary care services are common among children experiencing homelessness, underscoring the importance of health care providers offering vaccines at every opportunity. Government-regulated programs are useful for promoting vaccination, and enrollment should be encouraged because many children experiencing homelessness may not access them.

Cell-based therapy of the elbow: evidence for lateral tendinopathy-a review on current treatments.

Cell-based therapies are on the rise in treating intra and extraarticular pathologies, trying to avoid surgical intervention and support local repair processes. Therefore, the aim was to summarize current evidence-based treatment options for a cell-based therapy around the elbow. Through a literature review up-to date treatment algorithms and therapies have been identified and have been rated according to their evidence level for clinical recommendation. Regarding the four extraarticular anatomical regions of the elbow (anterior, medial, posterior and lateral) and the joint itself, the lateral elbow and its´ tendinopathies as well as the use of cell-based treatment options have been extensively studied and, therefore, allow for clear and evidence-based recommendations. The remaining three regions as wells as the intraarticular application do not show enough evidence for a clinical recommendation. In conclusion the cell-based approach for treating elbow pathologies can only be recommended for the lateral elbow, as there has been shown sufficient evidence for the extraarticular application. It has to be mentioned, that the results from the lateral elbow maybe transferred to other extra-articular tendinopathies, as the lack of evidence may be due to the rare appearance of posterior, medial and anterior tendon affection. No recommendation can be given for intra-articular use. IV.

National institutions should improve the information made available to patients about cervical smears

ObjectiveTo assess the quality of the content of leaflets tools and websites of national institutions in United Kingdom and France informing patients about cervical smears. MethodsWe collected and analyzed the data and information on these two websites and leaflets made for patients. We screened those tools with the UP TO DATE SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE IPDAS grid. ResultsNone of the tools specify the level of evidence of the studies on which cervix cancer screening is based. The risk of complication due to cancer is poor. The effectiveness of screening in absolute value is not available. The risks and side-effects due to cervical smears are specified without the frequency. ConclusionInformation is truncated and pushes readers towards taking part in screening. This is not in accordance with the quality criteria of shared decision making. Practice implicationsPatients should take part in the creation of decision making tools, so that the information is the most suited to their representations and understanding. This is why the documents made available by institutions should be based on recognized scientific sources. Responsible of health programs should be independent and separated from those responsible of information tool creation.

Entodermoscopy Update: A Contemporary Review on Dermoscopy of Cutaneous Infections and Infestations.

Infectious cutaneous diseases are very common, especially in certain geographic and tropical regions. Sometimes they may simulate other dermatoses, ordering verification of diagnosis with particular investigations. Dermoscopy is among one of the most important tools readily available in the outpatient setting for the dermatologist to confirm the diagnosis. In this up-to date review, literature concerning the various dermoscopic features of parasitic, viral, dermatophytic and bacterial cutaneous infections is composed. In addition artefacts as well as practical issues in dermoscopy usage are discussed; with the aim to empower dermatologists to promptly and non-invasively diagnose and manage cutaneous infections and infestations.

Smart Attendance: An Automated Attendance Management System Using Machine Learning Techniques

The Smart Attendance system is a machine learning-based system that aims to improve the management and tracking of student attendance. It can be utilized in educational institutions to keep track of their students' attendance. The system uses radio frequency identification tags to record information in real time, which helps the system to provide updated and accurate records. The system uses machine learning techniques to analyze the data collected by it to identify trends and patterns in student attendance. This method can then be used to identify individuals who are habitually late or have high absenteeism rates. It can help educators implement effective measures to improve student attendance. The performance of various machine learning algorithms was evaluated in this study. The four algorithms were randomly forest, decision tree, SVM, and naive bayes. They were tested against conditions such as students who frequently skip certain classes, habitual latecomers, and individuals with high absenteeism rates. The results of the study revealed that the SVM and random forest algorithms performed well and had the highest accuracy rates. These findings show that these algorithms can help educators identify patterns in student behavior and implement effective measures to boost attendance. The Smart Attendance system has demonstrated the potential of artificial intelligence to help improve the management of student attendance in educational institutions. Through the use of machine learning and RFID tags, the system can provide up-to date and accurate records, as well as insights into the behavior of students. This information can then be utilized to implement effective measures to reduce absenteeism and improve student outcomes.

IoT innovation clusters in Europe and the case for public policy

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is currently developing fast and its potential as driver of innovative solutions is increasing, pushed by technologies, networks, communication, and computing power, and has the potential to drive the development of technological ecosystems, such as innovation clusters. Innovation clusters are agglomeration of enterprises and research organizations, which cooperate, interact and compete, generating innovation and driving the growth of ecosystems. The narrative around innovation clusters has been developing since many years and policy-makers seek to use such clusters as a policy instrument to support the growth of technology on the one hand and regional and sectoral development on the other hand. This policy paper expands an empirical study on IoT innovation clusters in Europe and places it within the current debate around clusters and innovation clusters to provide evidence-based advice to policy-makers on what may and may not work as public policy measures. The paper highlights the findings of the interaction with several hundred European IoT innovation clusters and points out their points of view on their own creation factors, operational characteristics, and success stories, as well as their expectations in respect to policy interventions for IoT and for clusters. Suggestions for IoT policy-making are provided. The paper has also undertaken an extensive review of up-to date research on innovation cluster creation and performance, thoroughly analyzing the real possibility to define causal relationships between clusters, productivity and economic growth, and business performance, and providing suggestions for policy-makers on the approach to cluster policy.

Is Unbalanced Type 2 Diabetes A Contraindication to Surgical Decompression of Dentigerous Cysts? Up-To Date Review and Case Report

Is Unbalanced Type 2 Diabetes A Contraindication to Surgical Decompression of Dentigerous Cysts? Up-To Date Review and Case Report