Unwanted Hair Research Articles

Follicular Unit Excision Hair Removal of Unwanted Facial Terminal Hair in Five Facial Areas: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Conventional epilation methods commonly encounter challenges in achieving permanent removal of unwanted facial terminal hair (uFTH), particularly when it is interspersed among normal hairs. To assess the safety and effectiveness of follicular unit excision (FUE) for permanent removal of uFTH. The retrospective analysis included 231 patients who underwent FUE hair removal at three medical centers. uFTH in five facial areas was excised and assessed for follicular integrity. Surgical details, complications, in situ hair regrowth, and patient satisfaction were recorded and analyzed. Scattered uFTH was excised using a fine punch (inner diameter, 0.6~0.7 mm) at a rate of18.0~23.6 units per minute in five facial areas. The procedure yielded a low transection rate of only 6.2% (median), minimizing in situ hair regeneration and facilitating the intact harvesting of hair follicles for transplantation. Most sites exhibited optimal wound healing without visiblescarring. The overall complication rate is 26.3%, with folliculitis accounting for 3%. Overall satisfaction was significantly high, reaching 96.6%. FUE technique is a precise and effective potential approach for uFTH permanent removal in facial areas. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

5048 A Rare Cause of Hyperandrogenism in Postmenopausal Women: Ovarian Stromal Hyperplasia

Abstract Disclosure: S. Mark: None. M.H. Shanik: None. I.J. Romao: None. Ovarian stromal hyperplasia (OSH) is a rare cause of hyperandrogenism. It is a non-neoplastic proliferation of ovarian stromal cells that leads to the overproduction of testosterone. This case report highlights that OSH should be considered in patients who present with hyperandrogenism.A 49-year-old postmenopausal woman with a past medical history of polycystic ovary syndrome, type 2 diabetes and obesity complained of unwanted hair growth. On the physical exam her BMI was 51. She had an obese body habitus, hirsutism of her chin, chest and back and acanthosis nigricans on her neck. Blood work showed a total testosterone of 203 (2-45 ng/dL) and free testosterone 29 (0.1-6.pg/dL). FSH, LH, DHEAS, estradiol, SHBG and 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17 OHP) were in the normal range. She completed a 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test that was normal. She took spironolactone for hirsutism with minimal relief. Pelvic ultrasound was limited due to body habitus. CT of the abdomen and pelvis showed no adrenal or ovarian masses. The patient had a family history of pancreatic, ovarian, and breast cancer. Given her symptoms and her family history, the patient underwent genetic testing that was negative. She underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Pathology revealed bilateral ovarian stromal hyperplasia. After surgery, her total testosterone normalized to 18 ng/dL and free testosterone was 1.6ng/dL with improvement in hair distribution. The patient continued to struggle with her weight and diabetes management.OSH is a non-malignant proliferation of ovarian stromal cells which leads to overproduction of testosterone. It occurs more in postmenopausal women and rarely in women of reproductive age. There is approximately 1 case of OSH in every 1000 cases of hirsutism. Clinical features include obesity, insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, acne, and hirsutism. Testosterone levels are usually greater than 150 ng/dL. Differential diagnosis includes PCOS, Cushing’s disease, adrenal or ovarian tumor and non-classic adrenal hyperplasia. Transvaginal ultrasound can be used to assess the ovaries for tumors or increase in size. If negative a pelvic MRI or CT can be done for further assessment. The gold standard for diagnosis would be histological evaluation following bilateral oophorectomy which is curative. Pathology usually shows stromal hyperplasia that is nodular or diffuse. Alternative treatment options include GNRH agonist therapy in patients who are not surgical candidates. Complications of this condition include insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans and diabetes mellitus. After treatment hyperandrogenism skin changes improve. It is important that clinicians consider OSH as a cause of hyperandrogenism to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Therapeutic and skincare products used in hirsutism and hypertrichosis

Introduction. Hirsutism is a disorder manifested by excessive hair growth in the telogen phase in androgen-dependent areas: on the face, lower back, thighs and breasts in women with hormonal disorders. Hypertrichosis is excessive hair covering the entire skin surface or limited to certain areas of the skin, independent of androgens. It may occur in both men and women and is not limited to androgen-dependent areas. Hormonal disorders are not observed in hypertrichosis. It may be genetically determined or caused by medications taken by the patient: minoxidil or cyclosporine A. Hypertrichosis most often occurs on the arms and lower legs. Aim. The aim of the study was to identify the therapeutic and skincare products used in hirsutism and hypertrichosis available on the Polish market. Material and methods. In 2022 and 2023, therapeutic and skincare products used in hirsutism and hypertrichosis available in 10 randomly selected pharmacies and 10 drugstores in the Lubelskie Voivodeship in Poland were analyzed. Results. Together 53 therapeutic and skincare products used in hirsutism and hypertrichosis were found. The therapeutic products were available with doctor’s prescription only (Rp.), while the skincare products were available without prescription, like cosmetics. In the analyzed preparations for hirsutism, the most frequently used active substances are dienogest and cyproterone acetate. Conclusion. The most commonly used form of drugs in hirsutism are tablets, and in hypertrichosis – foams that facilitate the removal of unwanted hair. The new promising formulas for treatment of hirsutism and hypertrichosis contain eflornithine, acyclovir, licorice and vitamin D. Keywords: hirsutism, hypertrichosis, skincare products, therapeutic products.

What's New in Diode Laser Hair Removal?

ABSTRACTIntroductionLaser hair removal remains one of the most common procedures in cosmetic dermatology. It has always been challenging because of the higher competing epidermal melanocyte as the targeted hair chromophore is also melanin. As a result, to avoid unwanted side effects from laser therapy while maintaining high efficacy levels, the use of the right laser device, appropriate settings, and customized pre and posttreatment care are crucial. With more efficient versions of existing lasers in the market, the safety profile has been taken care of without compromising the efficacy. Diode lasers along with long pulsed Nd:YAG and alexandrite are considered as the safest hair removal lasers.ObjectiveTo summarize recent developments in diode laser hair reduction focusing on improvements in efficiency, safety, and patient compliance with recent innovations.Materials and MethodsA review of recent literature updates in diode laser hair reduction technology focusing on multiwavelength systems, safety profiles, and innovations in laser device was searched using keywords diode laser hair removal and mutliwavelength diode laser devices.ResultsCurrently, 810 nm diode laser is the most extensively used technology for the long term elimination of unwanted hair, thus establishing itself as an efficacious and safe modality. The rapid multiple pass in motion technique with lesser fluence and gradual heating of the skin epidermis was more well tolerated in patients than the higher fluence single shot method. Most popular combination of triple wavelength was 755, 810, and 1064 nm, which is considered most effective with least complications.ConclusionDiode lasers still remain the gold standard in laser hair removal especially on darker skin types. Recent innovations in diode laser have significantly improved the efficacy, safety, and patient compliance with hair reduction. Multiwavelength platforms seems to be the way forward, however the basic principles and certain problems like minimal pain, treating thin hair, paradoxical hair growth, white hair removal still remains a challenge.

Study of risk factors for insulin resistance in women with a burdened metabolic history

Insulin Resistance (IR) is a state of insufficient biological response of the body's cells to insulin, which leads to further disruption of carbohydrate metabolism and increased blood glucose levels. Early detection of IR risk factors improves the prognosis and prevention of severe metabolic syndrome, preservation and restoration of women's reproductive potential, and becomes the foundation for the health of the future generation. Aim of the study was the influence of potential risk factors on the development of latent IR manifestations 82 women of early reproductive age who signed an informed consent for the study were examined. A specially designed questionnaire was used for the study, and anthropometric parameters and laboratory data (including insulin, glucose tolerance test), and calculation of indices (HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) and Matsuda). According to the results of the study, in accordance with the indicators of Relative Risk (RR) and Odds Ratio (OR), we consider the following potential factors to be developmental bad habits (tobacco smoking regardless of the amount, regular alcohol abuse) (RR=1.299; p=0.00321), burdened hereditary history of cardiovascular diseases (essential hypertension, heart attacks and strokes) (RR=1.313; p=0.0041), type I and type II diabetes mellitus (RR=1.340; p=0.0038), obesity (RR=1.641; p=0.0043), thyroid diseases (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism) (RR=1.565; RR=1.565; p=0.00284) and adrenal (Itzen-Cushing's syndrome, adrenal cortex insufficiency) (RR=1.348; p=0.0025). The manifestations of IR should be skin rashes (OR=3.542; p=0.0033) and unwanted hair growth (OR=3.670; p=0.0029). Keywords: overweight, obesity, metabolic syndrome, vaginal microbiome, ovulation, infertility.

Laser hair removal complications and the associated risk factors at a tertiary dermatology center: a case-control study.

Laser hair removal (LHR) has been established as a safe and efficient method for eliminating unwanted hair. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of LHR complications and assess the contributing factors. During one year, 16,900 patients undergoing LHR therapy were evaluated for complications. For each case, two external controls were selected (matched based on age, sex, Fitzpatrick skin type (FST) III-IV, and the treated anatomical region). To assess the impact of anatomical region on complication occurrence, each patient was used as their internal control if another area was treated during the same session. GEE analysis was used for statistical analysis.The incidence of LHR complications was calculated to be 0.69%. The most common complications were petechia, purpura, and ecchymosis (31.66%) followed by pigmentation changes (20.0%). LHR complications were most commonly observed in the lower limbs (32.0%), face and neck (23.3%), and genitalia and thighs (22.3%), respectively. Possible risk factors were younger age (OR = 0.74, P-value ≤ 0.001), operating LHR in the head and neck (OR = 5.8, P-value = 0.022), utilization of the alexandrite laser (OR = 2.32, P-value = 0.011), and fluence in the Alexandrite laser (OR = 3.47, P-value = 0.003).Overall,the results of this study indicate that LHR is generally a safe method for removing unwanted hair. However, factors such as younger age, treatment of the facial area, and use of the alexandrite laser especially with higher fluence levels in patients with FST III-IV were identified as potential risk factors.

Nanotechnology for Effective Epilation: Assessment of the Application of a Protease-Containing Microemulsion

Background: Epilation is a very effective way to remove unwanted hair because of its long-lasting effects. However, there are some disadvantages such as pain during the procedure, the possibility of ingrown hairs and perifollicular inflammation. In the present study, we investigated whether a protease-containing post-epilation microemulsion is effective in improving epilation performance and alleviating the above problems. Methods: The application characteristics and effects of the tested microemulsion were evaluated during and after three applications in 30 female volunteers. This was conducted by measuring hair density, assessing hair strength, and evaluating the subjective experience of the volunteers using a questionnaire. Results: The measurements showed that after three applications, the apparent hair density in the axilla was reduced from 43.89 ± 12.44 hairs/cm2 to 16.67 ± 6.61 hairs/cm2 (p < 0.0001). In general, volunteers observed a reduced hair regrowth rate, resulting in longer epilation intervals, and more soothed and moisturized skin. Volunteers who previously experienced ingrown hairs or perifollicular inflammation reported the absence or improvement of these problems. Conclusions: The protease-containing microemulsion not only improves the performance of the epilation procedure, leading to less frequent epilation, but also improves possible negative effects of epilation such as ingrown hairs and perifollicular inflammation.

Intraoral laser hair removal: A scoping review.

Intraoral hair growth is a debilitating side effect of flap or graft-based oropharyngeal reconstruction. There is no standardized treatment, but groups have successfully eradicated unwanted hair growth with intraoral laser hair removal. This scoping review assesses the utility of laser therapy in managing this condition. This scoping review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Ovid Medline, Embase (Ovid) and Scopus were queried using index terms and keywords. Resulting articles were reviewed for inclusion by two independent reviewers against inclusion criteria and relevant data were extracted. The literature search yielded 297 articles, 22 of which met inclusion criteria. In total, 77 patients were treated: 38 patients with an Alexandrite laser, 19 with an Nd:YAG laser, 18 with a diode laser, and two with a CO2 laser. Complete response defined as 80% or more reduction in hair count was achieved in 70 patients (90%) and six patients (8%) achieved a partial response (10%-79% reduction in hair count). One patient (1%) with gray hair saw less than a 10% reduction in hair count. On average, 3.84 treatment sessions were needed, spaced 5.4 weeks apart. Treatments were well tolerated without major side effects. This is the first scoping review assessing the utility of intraoral laser hair therapy and suggests it may be a safe and effective treatment. However, surgeons should advise preoperative hair removal when clinically feasible to mitigate this side effect as much as possible.

Patient Experiences With Dismissal, Delay, and Uncertainty in Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome [ID 2683465

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately 10% of females and is underdiagnosed, undertreated, and underresearched. A majority of people with PCOS report dissatisfaction with their care experiences. We conducted focus groups to identify factors contributing to suboptimal PCOS care. METHODS: We conducted 60- to 90-minute virtual focus groups. Patients receiving PCOS care at a university hospital obstetrics and gynecology clinic were recruited. Participants were asked about PCOS symptoms and experiences of care. Rapid qualitative analysis was performed to identify major themes. RESULTS: Twenty-four participants completed focus groups. Three identified as any non-White race and eight as Hispanic or Latino; median age was 29 years. Participants' most bothersome symptoms were menstrual irregularity, unwanted hair, cystic acne, and pelvic pain. Time from symptom onset to diagnosis ranged from 2 months to 13 years. Providers’ dismissal of symptoms and failure to perform diagnostic testing contributed to diagnostic delays. Once diagnosed, participants reported feeling confused, overwhelmed, and fearful, and received little education from providers. Participants desired more information about treatment options and implications of PCOS on fertility and long-term health. Regarding initial treatment, recommendations for weight loss and prescriptions for oral contraceptives, metformin, and spironolactone were common. Referrals to nutrition and behavioral health services were rare and non-existent, respectively. Treatments focused on individual manifestations of PCOS more often than comprehensive well-being. CONCLUSION: Dismissal of symptoms, delays in diagnosis, and uncertainty about future health are common patient experiences in PCOS care. Our findings identify a need for improved patient resources and provider education about PCOS manifestations, diagnosis, and treatments.

Predicting the Therapeutic Results of Unwanted Hair Growth with the Alexandrite Laser Device

The growth of excess hair on the chin, under the neck, near the navel, around the chest, etc. is one of the main disorders that both women and men face. The best, most efficient and least invasive way to remove thick and dark hair is to use a laser. It is important to check the effectiveness of laser in removing unwanted hair after treatment sessions. In this study, the treatment of unwanted hair in the armpit or thigh area in 14 patients was investigated. The participants with skin type I and III were aged 27-37 years and were treated with 755 nm alexandrite laser. Examination of each area (armpit and thigh) was done with a camera system specifically to count the number of hairs at 1 and 3 months after the treatment period. In this study, Monte Carlo modeling was used to estimate the density of excess hair remaining after treatment sessions, and the results showed that the number of excess hair decreased both by Monte Carlo method and manual counting method, and the accuracy rate of the simulation was 75%.

A review of hair removal modalities in pediatric patients: Ethical and clinical considerations.

Unwanted hair is a common concern among patients presenting to pediatric dermatology clinics, and parents and patients alike inquire about the safety of methods employed for elective removal. Various methods of hair removal exist with different levels of invasiveness and permanence, from simple mechanical depilation to light-based therapies. All methods of hair removal appear to be safe and generally well tolerated in children, and there are no age restrictions to any modality. In this review, we aim to address the available literature on the safety and efficacy of hair removal modalities in pediatric patients and propose guidance on how to manage requests for at-home and in-office therapies within an ethical framework.

On the borderlines of health, beauty, and enhancement: an analysis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

This article analyzes the publications of women who suffer from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Facebook groups. PCOS is a metabolic syndrome experienced by a vast number of women of childbearing age. Some of its main symptoms are acne, weight gain, and unwanted hair. On the other hand, the treatment focuses on changing the lifestyle associated with diet control and adopting new habits. The analysis of statements and pictures posted by the participants of the groups, which express their before-after transformations, reveals that diagnosis, treatment, and perception of PCOS are currently deeply associated with aesthetic factors. Finally, we discuss how this event is linked to the historically produced binary gender pattern centered on body differences and how it illustrates the emphasis on self-enhancement, especially concerning its expression in body and aesthetic standards.

Nas fronteiras entre saúde, beleza e aprimoramento: uma análise sobre a Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos

Abstract This article analyzes the publications of women who suffer from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Facebook groups. PCOS is a metabolic syndrome experienced by a vast number of women of childbearing age. Some of its main symptoms are acne, weight gain, and unwanted hair. On the other hand, the treatment focuses on changing the lifestyle associated with diet control and adopting new habits. The analysis of statements and pictures posted by the participants of the groups, which express their before-after transformations, reveals that diagnosis, treatment, and perception of PCOS are currently deeply associated with aesthetic factors. Finally, we discuss how this event is linked to the historically produced binary gender pattern centered on body differences and how it illustrates the emphasis on self-enhancement, especially concerning its expression in body and aesthetic standards.

Empowering early detection: A web-based machine learning approach for PCOS prediction

Nowadays, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects many women, making it a prevalent concern. It is a hormonal disorder that causes irregular, delayed, or absent menstrual cycles in the female body. This condition can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, weight gain, unwanted body hair, and various other complications. In severe cases, PCOS can result in infertility, posing a challenge for patients trying to conceive. Statistics show that the incidence rate of PCOS has significantly increased in recent years, which is alarming. If PCOS is identified early, people may follow their doctor's recommendations and live a better life. The dataset used for this research contains records for 541 patients. The aim of this study is to employ machine learning models to identify patterns in this disorder. The information learned is then inputted into various algorithms to assess accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and precision using different ML models, such as Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), AdaBoost (AB), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) among others. The research utilized the Mutual Information model for feature selection and compared the models to determine the most accurate one. Employing the Mutual Information model for feature engineering, AB and RF achieved the highest accuracy of 94 %.

Efficacy and safety of diode laser for facial hair reduction in hirsutism-a clinico-trichoscopic evaluation.

Hirsutism is the presence of excessive terminal hair on androgen-dependent sites of the body. Lasers like Alexandrite, diode, and Nd:Yag lasers have been used for hair reduction with varying efficacy. Trichoscopy of hair is a simple noninvasive method of hair assessment. However, it has not been used in the assessment of diode laser hair reduction. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of diode laser hair reduction in skin color with the help of clinical and trichoscopic assessment. This prospective observational study included 73 patients of hirsutism recruited in 18-month period. All participants received sessions of 805 nm diode laser at monthly intervals up to six sessions. Clinical and trichoscopic evaluation along with photographs were obtained at each visit. Side effects, if any, were noted in every sitting. All patients were females of Fitzpatrick skin types III-V. All clinical parameters showed statistically significant hair reduction when compared with baseline. Trichoscopic parameters of hair reduction like total hair count, terminal hair count, and terminal/vellus hair ratio showed reduction compared to baseline which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The most common side effect noted in our study was pain followed by erythema and perifollicular edema. Diode laser is an effective and safe procedure for the reduction of unwanted facial hair, even in darker skin types. We also wish to emphasize that trichoscopy for the assessment of laser hair reduction is a recent, noninvasive, simple, and underutilized tool. No serious adverse events were noted in our study.

Comparative Efficacy of Diode Laser System versus Intense Pulse Light (Ipl) In Management of Unwanted Hair

Unwanted hair growth can be caused by several factors, including genetics, systemic illness, and even drug reactions. According to the underlying medical condition, excessive hair growth was labelled as either hirsutism or hypertrichosis. Objective: To compare the efficacy of diode laser system versus intense pulse light in the management of unwanted hair among female patients. Methods: Patients in this randomized controlled study had hirsutism. Group A received powerful pulse light therapy for three sessions, one month apart, while Group B received diode laser treatment. To determine the effectiveness and side effects in both groups, patients were monitored for four months and subsequently assessed clinically. Results: Out of these total 60 patients, intense pulse light system was more efficacious in achieving patient satisfaction (73.3%) at the end of three months as compared to diode laser (26.7%) (p value &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: This randomized controlled trial showed that intense pulse light therapy was more efficacious in management of unwanted hair compared to diode laser therapy.

Mechanical epilation exerts complex biological effects on human hair follicles and perifollicular skin: An exvivo study approach.

Electrical epilation of unwanted hair is a widely used hair removal method, but it is largely unknown how this affects the biology of human hair follicles (HF) and perifollicular skin. Here, we have begun to explore how mechanical epilation changes selected key biological read-out parameters exvivo within and around the pilosebaceous unit. Human full-thickness scalp skin samples were epilated exvivo using an electro-mechanical device, organ-cultured for up to 6 days in serum-free, supplemented medium, and assessed at different time points by quantitative (immuno-)histomorphometry for selected relevant read-out parameters in epilated and sham-epilated control samples. Epilation removed most of the hair shafts, often together with fragments of the outer and inner root sheath and hair matrix. This was associated with persistent focal thinning of the HF basal membrane, decreased melanin content of the residual HF epithelium, and increased HF keratinocyte apoptosis, including in the bulge, yet without affecting the number of cytokeratin 15+ HF epithelial stem cells. Sebocyte apoptosis in the peripheral zone was increased, albeit without visibly altering sebum production. Epilation transiently perturbed HF immune privilege, and increased the expression of ICAM-1 in the bulge and bulb mesenchyme, and the number of perifollicular MHC class II+ cells as well as mast cells around the distal epithelium and promoted mast cell degranulation around the suprabulbar and bulbar area. Moreover, compared to controls, several key players of neurogenic skin inflammation, itch, and/or thermosensation (TRPV1, TRPA1, NGF, and NKR1) were differentially expressed in post-epilation skin. These data generated in denervated, organ-cultured human scalp skin demonstrate that epilation-induced mechanical HF trauma elicits surprisingly complex biological responses. These may contribute to the delayed re-growth of thinner and lighter hair shafts post-epilation and temporary post-epilation discomfort. Our findings also provide pointers regarding the development of topically applicable agents that minimize undesirable sequelae of epilation.

Formulation and Evaluation of Hair Removal Cream by Using an Herbal Base

The cosmetic and hygiene industry and the hair removal market are growing in importance. Teenage girls and women often worry about unwanted hair. This study highlights the importance of choosing herbal hair removers over herbal depilatories due to their high efficacy, safety and lack of side effects. Hair removal herbs and their composition in herbal creams, as well as other hair removal methods, are being studied. Hair removers are cosmetic products designed to remove hair from the skin. Chemical hair removers mostly contain salts of thioglycolic acids as active components. The following ingredients are needed to make the hair cream: thioglycolic acid, cetyl alcohol, turmeric powder, neem and Tulsi extract, ginger and papaya powder, liquid paraffin and the required amount of orange oil. The pH, viscosity, spreadability and homogeneity of the depilatory cream composition were evaluated. The results showed the composition and excellent properties of F3.

Development of a novel in vitro strategy to understand the impact of shaving on skin health: combining tape strip exfoliation and human skin equivalent technology.

The removal of unwanted hair is a widespread grooming practice adopted by both males and females. Although many depilatory techniques are now available, shaving remains the most common, despite its propensity to irritate skin. Current techniques to investigate the impact of shaving regimes on skin health rely on costly and lengthy clinical trials, which hinge on recruitment of human volunteers and can require invasive biopsies to elucidate cellular and molecular-level changes. Well-characterised human skin equivalent technology was combined with a commonplace dermatological technique of tape stripping, to remove cellular material from the uppermost layer of the skin (stratum corneum). This method of exfoliation recapitulated aspects of razor-based shaving in vitro, offering a robust and standardised in vitro method to study inflammatory processes such as those invoked by grooming practices. Tape strip insult induced inflammatory changes in the skin equivalent such as: increased epidermal proliferation, epidermal thickening, increased cytokine production and impaired barrier function. These changes paralleled effects seen with a single dry razor pass, correlated with the number of tape strips removed, and were attenuated by pre-application of shaving foam, or post-application of moisturisation. Tape strip removal is a common dermatological technique, in this study we demonstrate a novel application of tape stripping, to mimic barrier damage and inflammation associated with a dry shave. We validate this method, comparing it to razor-based shaving in vitro and demonstrate the propensity of suitable shave- and skin-care formulations to mitigate damage. This provides a novel methodology to examine grooming associated damage and a platform for screening potential skin care formulations.

Hybrid transformation with 1’st order statistics for medical image analysis and classification

Skin cancer, one of the most critical forms of cancer, required early detection and documentation for efficient treatment, especially as certain types are fatal. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) was utilized to discover and index diverse melanomas using the ISIC 2018 dataset. The pre-processing phase is stringent as it insulates the cancerous fraction of a skin image, involving removing, trimming, thinning, and normalizing. In this phase, unwanted hair pieces on the image are eliminated in this phase. Feature extraction from the clipped image is achieved using a discrete cosine transform (DCT) and a gradient transform to transform it into frequency domain coefficients. Statistical feature extraction is used to reduce the amount of data required for ANN training. A dataset from ISIC 2018 that consists of seven different images from dermoscopic procedures for classification purposes is used in the empirical investigation. An accuracy of 85.44% for DCT in the sub-bands and 76.07% for the sub-band gradient transform was achieved by the applied ANN. The hybrid system's mean squared error (MSE) was discovered to be 3.52×10-4. The work highlights the potential of ANN in the early detection of skin cancer, supporting more efficient treatment and preventing advanced cases.