Unutilized Land Research Articles

Estimating water consumption based on meta-analysis and MODIS data for an oasis region in northwestern China

A severe water shortage in arid and semiarid regions in China has triggered regulations limiting the use of irrigation water in desert-oasis agricultural systems. To determine the actual water demand of agricultural systems and to develop standards for a rational use of water resources, maize evapotranspiration rates was simulated using meta-analysis of published data, determined land-use and soil properties in Zhangye oasis area and then estimated water consumption with MODIS for arid northwestern China for the 2014 growing season. Farmland in Zhangye oasis totaled 2189.88 km2 and accounted for 25.41% of the total oasis area; crop-protecting forestland totaled 8.56 km2 and accounted for 0.10% of the total oasis area, grassland and unutilized land accounted for 1.85%, 71.48% of the total oasis area, respectively. Soil moisture capacity at saturation ranged from 21.0 to 33.0% and at field capacity from 21.0 to 31.5%. Soil bulk density ranged from 1.36 to 1.58 g cm−3. Using meta-analysis, the simulated maize evapotranspiration rate was 655.91± 20.53 mm. During 2014 growing season, minimum, optimum and maximum water consumption used for agricultural yields and oasis stability was 1.14×109 m3, 1.46×109 m3 and 1.75×109 m3, respectively. In future research, increased big picture and high frequency data will allow operational monitoring of water use and requirements and irrigation at a regional scale.

Long-term afforestation efforts increase bird species diversity in Beijing, China

Bird communities are important components of biodiversity and provide terrestrial ecosystems with multiple functions. The impact of long-term afforestation and rapid urbanization on bird species diversity (BSD) is of interest and has attracted increasing attention from biologists, government officials and the public. This study focused on patterns of BSD and changes in forest coverage in an Asian mega-city (Beijing). Forest coverage in Beijing increased moderately from 1.3% (in 1949) to 21.26% (in 2003), and rapidly from 21.26% (in 2003) to 41% (in 2014). Natural types of land cover (i.e., woodland, grassland and water) increased from 55.25% (9070.29km2) in 1985–63.41% (10411.16km2) in 2013, while anthropogenic types (i.e., cultivated land, construction land and unutilized land) decreased from 44.75% to 36.59% based on remote sensing data. Three sets of BSD records were obtained from the published literature, revealing a species diversity of 344 in 1987, 375 in 1994, and 430 in 2014. Approximately 15% of bird species were endemic and 80% were migratory. From 1987–2014, Beijing gained 81 bird species (37 species disappeared while 118 species appeared), which could be a result of the progressive increase in forest coverage. The changes in BSD may be affected by long-term afforestation efforts and rapid urbanization, along with meteorological factors. This study sheds some light on the effects of afforestation and urbanization on biodiversity.

Effects of the land use change on ecosystem service value

The impacts of land utilization change on the ecosystem service values in Daqing during 1995 to 2015 were analyzed based on unit area ecosystem service value of Chinese territorial ecosystem from Mr. Xie Gaodi and ecosystem service value calculation formula from Costanza. Results showed that the ecosystem service value of Daqing decreased from US $4343.1559m in 1995 to US $3824.327m in 2015, with the ecological value of US $518.8289 m decreased during the past 20 years. Wetland and water body were the two main land utilization types with the greatest contributions to the ecosystem service value. Ecosystem services value of per capita decreased 23.52%. The sensitivity coefficient of eco-service values of all types of land utilization to their value coefficients were all less than 1 in Daqing area. The sensitivity coefficients followed that wetland > water body > woodland > unutilized land > pasture land> cultivated land in 2015, which indicating that the changes of the land utilization are lack of flexibility to the changes of the ecosystem service value.

Development Strategy 0f Local Food Diversification

The purpose of this research is to develop strategies that can be applied in the development of local food diversification in West Kalimantan. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Variables examined included internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) in the development of local food diversification in West Kalimantan. Data analysis were conducted in qualitative descriptive to describe the pattern of food consumption in West Kalimantan and continued with a SWOT analysis to carry out the development strategy of the local food diversification in West Kalimantan. The analysis result showed that the strategy for the development of local food diversification in West Kalimantan is SO strategy (Strengths - Opportunities) those are: 1) the increase in synergy between the government and the micro, small and medium enterprises for the development of local food products, 2) the utilization of communications and market information system in improving the marketing of local food products on micro, small and medium enterprises, and 3) the utilization of unutilized agricultural land to improve the quality and quantity of local food products.

Urban Change Detection of Pingtan City based on Bi-temporal Remote Sensing Images

In this paper, a pair of SPOT 5-6 images with the resolution of 0.5m is selected. An object-oriented classification method is used to the two images and five classes of ground features were identified as man-made objects, farmland, forest, waterbody and unutilized land. An auxiliary ASTER GDEM was used to improve the classification accuracy. And the change detection based on the classification results was performed. Accuracy assessment was carried out finally. Consequently, satisfactory results were obtained. The results show that great changes of the Pingtan city have been detected as the expansion of the city area and the intensity increase of man-made buildings, roads and other infrastructures with the establishment of Pingtan comprehensive experimental zone. Wide range of open sea area along the island coast zones has been reclaimed for port and CBDs construction.

Examining Factors Affecting the Growth of Horticulture Sector in Kenya (Case Study of Rarieda District a long Lake Victoria)

This study based its findings on population of 681 farmers. The researcher opted for 10% of accessible population to facilitate a concise sample size which was belief to be more accurate for collecting the required information. Thus, 68 farmers of the accessible respondents were drawn to represents the entire population. The instrument used to collect data was questionnaires which were self administered. Research findings were; majority of the respondents were age 45 and above. Secondly, majority were form four levers and primary school dropout, this was attributed by lack fee to proceed to next level of education. Thirdly, majority of respondents strongly agreed that lack of credited facilities, initial capital to enable farmers make use of unutilized land, lack of ready market and lack of basic farming knowledge hindered horticultural growth in Kenya. On the other hand, majority of respondents strongly disagreed that perception and non lucrativeness affect horticulture growth. Recommendations made were Government should offer incentives to youth and women to encourage them to practice horticultural farming so that agriculture should not be left in the control of the older and aging farmers. Government and Non-Governmental Organization should offer incentives programme e.g. offering capital and credits facilities so that farmers can invest in agriculture and buy modern farming technology. To solve the problem of lack of ready market, both national and county governments should ensure that all farmers can access information of the market in foreign country and local. The country government should established processing plant to deal with excess surplus of farm products and do value addition of those products. Lastly, both governments should introduce a policy where land should not lie idle especial in areas where horticultural can be practised and provide initial capital for farmers so that they invest and start farming on those idle lands.

Impacts of Soil and Water Conservation Practices on Crop Yield, Run-off, Soil Loss and Nutrient Loss in Ethiopia: Review and Synthesis.

Research results published regarding the impact of soil and water conservation practices in the highland areas of Ethiopia have been inconsistent and scattered. In this paper, a detailed review and synthesis is reported that was conducted to identify the impacts of soil and water conservation practices on crop yield, surface run-off, soil loss, nutrient loss, and the economic viability, as well as to discuss the implications for an integrated approach and ecosystem services. The review and synthesis showed that most physical soil and water conservation practices such as soil bunds and stone bunds were very effective in reducing run-off, soil erosion and nutrient depletion. Despite these positive impacts on these services, the impact of physical soil and water conservation practices on crop yield was negative mainly due to the reduction of effective cultivable area by soil/stone bunds. In contrast, most agronomic soil and water conservation practices increase crop yield and reduce run-off and soil losses. This implies that integrating physical soil and water conservation practices with agronomic soil and water conservation practices are essential to increase both provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. Additionally, effective use of unutilized land (the area occupied by bunds) by planting multipurpose grasses and trees on the bunds may offset the yield lost due to a reduction in planting area. If high value grasses and trees can be grown on this land, farmers can harvest fodder for animals or fuel wood, both in scarce supply in Ethiopia. Growing of these grasses and trees can also help the stability of the bunds and reduce maintenance cost. Economic feasibility analysis also showed that, soil and water conservation practices became economically more viable if physical and agronomic soil and water conservation practices are integrated.

Land Use Structure Change and Its Control Effect of Nitrogen Output in a Small Watershed of Three Gorges Reservoir Area: A Case Study of Lanlingxi Watershed

The nitrogen (N) output in Lanlingxi watershed of Three Gorges Reservoir Area in 2015 was monitored and the current land use map was investigated. Cluster analysis and correlation analysis were used to identify the major sources of pollutants and to discriminate the source and the sink land use types. The effects of land use on N exports were quantitatively analyzed by stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that: ① After the returning farmland to forest project the land use structure of this area changed dramatically. The area proportions of forest land and garden plot increased to 76.85% and 13.87% respectively, and the proportion of cultivated land dropped to 1.16%. Cultivated lands were stellate distributed and garden plots in some catchments were flake distributed. ② The content of TN in some monitoring points surpassed the Class V standard of the national groundwater environmental quality. The ammonium-N (NH4+-N) concentrations ranged 0.089-0.214 mg·L-1, 2.925-13.203 mg·L-1 for nitrate-N (NO3--N) and 3.561-14.572 mg·L-1 for total-N (TN). And NO3--N accounted for more than 80% of TN. ③ There were significant positive correlations between garden plot, residential land and N loss, and negative correlations between forest land, unutilized land and N export, which indicated that the former were N sources and the latter were sinks. ④ Forest land area should be increased and garden plot should be controlled, and the area ratio of residential land should be kept below 5% when adjusting land use structure of this watershed. Moreover, forest-tea and forest-fruits modes should be applied to change single land use type of garden plot in some catchments.

Soil Contamination of Grass Biomass Hay: Measurements and Implications

A large area of unutilized or underutilized marginal land in the northeastern USA, some of which currently produce a mature hay crop for use as mulch, is potentially suitable for bioenergy crop production. Mature-mixed grass hay bales (n = 1980) were sampled across New York in late summer and fall of 2011 and 2012 from 65 farms. Chemical analysis of 19 parameters, including gross calorific value, fiber, and elemental analyses, was conducted on the samples. In addition, 156 soil samples, representing 67 soil types, were analyzed for 12 to 14 parameters, using two different extraction procedures. Results indicate that hay composition is extremely variable among bales, and that much of the variation is due to soil contamination. Soil contamination reduced energy content of hay, a reduction best estimated from ash content of the hay. Standard plant analyses of contaminated hay samples determine total elemental content, but the same analyses only partially extract soil elements. A subset of samples showed that fiber analysis of soil-contaminated hay is problematic, with results impacted greatly by soil type and gravimetric filtration method. Aluminum, because of its low plant uptake potential, its high concentration in most soils, and its relatively moderate range in concentration across soil types compared to other soil elemental predictors, is the best indicator of soil contamination of biomass when the soil type is unknown. Evaluation of herbaceous plants for bioenergy parameters should include ash and Al analysis to assess soil contamination, which could significantly bias other compositional analyses.

Estimates of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Zhejiang Province of China Based on 1:50000 Soil Database Using the PKB Method

ABSTRACT Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important component of farming systems and global carbon cycle. Accurately estimating SOC stock is of great importance for assessing soil productivity and modeling global climate change. A newly built 1:50 000 soil database of Zhejiang Province containing 2 154 geo-referenced soil profiles and a pedological professional knowledge-based (PKB) method were used to estimate SOC stock up to a depth of 100 cm for the Province. The spatial patterns of SOC stocks stratified by soil types, watershed (buffer analysis), topographical factors, and land use types were identified. Results showed that the soils in Zhejiang covered an area of 100 740 km 2 with a total SOC stock of 831.49 × 10 6 t and a mean SOC density of 8.25 kg m −2 , excluding water and urban areas. In terms of soil types, red soils had the highest SOC stock (259.10 × 10 6 t), whereas mountain meadow soils contained the lowest (0.15 × 10 6 t). In terms of SOC densities, the lowest value (5.11 kg m −2 ) was found in skel soils, whereas the highest value (45.30 kg m −2 ) was observed in mountain meadow soils. Yellow soils, as a dominant soil group, determined the SOC densities of different buffer zones in Qiantang River watershed because of their large area percentage and wide variation of SOC density values. The area percentages of various soil groups significantly varied with increasing elevation or slope when overlaid with digital elevation model data, thus influencing the SOC densities. The highest SOC density was observed under grassland, whereas the lowest SOC density was identified under unutilized land. The map of SOC density (0–100 cm depth) and the spatial patterns of SOC stocks in the Province would be helpful for relevant agencies and communities in Zhejiang Province, China.

Cropland Dynamics and their Influence on the Productivity in Northern Shaanxi, China, for the Past 20 Years: Based on Remotely Sensed Data

In this paper, we mainly focused our research on northern Shaanxi district, which is a pilot area of the Grain for Green Project. We compared the spatial distribution patterns of croplands and their productivity for the past 20 years (from the end of the 1980s to 2010). Cropland dynamics for the past 20 years were Interpreted from medium- and high-resolutlon remote sensing images (Landsat TM/ETM ). In addition, using the GLO-PEM and AGRO-VPM models with a medium resolution and long time series remote sensing dataset (AVHRR/MODIS), net primary productivity (NPP) and its relationship with cropland were estimated. Finally, the effect of cropland change on productivity was analyzed. The results show that during the first decade of the research period, cropland area and productivity in northern Shaanxi experienced a small boost, while in the latter decade, both cropland area and NPP were significantly reduced. The main cause of the increase in cropland was the reclamation of large area of grassland and unutilized land to meet the food demands of the local population as well as to compensate for the occupation of urban constructions. While the main cause of the decrease in cropland was the implementation of the Grain for Green Project. In addition, urbanization was also a key factor. Overall, during the past 20 years, the total area of cropland in northern Shaanxi decreased by 42.56%, and cropland NPP dropped by 41.90%. This study is of great importance for the assessment of regional cropland security, food security and scientific planning of regional land use.

The Classification of Land Use and Land Cover in Shangri-La Based on Decision Tree Automatic Threshold Classification Method

The paper used decision tree automatic threshold classify model to study land use and land cover in Shangri-la County with Landsat ETM+ image in 1999, and got two results. The first result is the land use and land cover map, the second result is the surface features area statistical result from large to small: bush, spruce and fir, meadow, pinus densata, ice and snow, pinus yunnanensis, unutilized land, paddy field, town, dry land , marsh, water. Bush has the largest area, 4267492200m2, while water has the smallest area,6147900m2.

Effect of Ecological Water Supplement on Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Diaokou River

Diaokou River is one of the old courses of the Yellow River access to the sea before 1976 and its estuarine delta is an important part of National Nature Reserve of Yellow River Delta. The Yellow River Conservancy Commission decided the ecological water supplement to the wetland during the water and sediment regulation period in 2010. In this study, we analyzed the land use and land cover changes before and after the ecological water supplement in Diaokou River by using HJ-1B CCD data. The impact of the ecological water supplement on land use and land cover changes in Diaokou River was remarkable. The expansion of shrub-grassland and water body at large scale is conspicuous, while decreasing areas of shallows was 15.03 km2 and unutilized land decreasing amplitude was 28%. The main area of land use change was in Yiqianer protected areas, where concentrated in the estuary of the Diaokou River.

Sustainability of home gardens in Masemulla forest area in Matara district

Home-gardens are meant to be sustainable land use systems that provide a variety of products andservices to the people. This study was undertaken to evaluate the sustainability of home-gardens inMasemulla forest area in Matara district. Ullala, which is a small village closed to Masernulla forestarea, was selected for the study. A survey was conducted using a random sample of 40 home-gardensin the area. Average land area ranged from 0.25 to 0.5 acres with an average family size of 2-8 andalmost all the families belonged to the low income group.Majority of home gardens (90%) consisted of three canopy layers-near the ground surface herbaceouslayer, followed by an intermediate layer of shrubs and a tree layer at the upper level. Tree densityranged from low to medium with a combination of mixed species arranged in a random way. Canopycoverage was about 15 to 50% and there were more than 50% of unutilized land areas. Speciesdiversity in the selected home-gardens was low ranging from 20-25 species and the no of woody taxa was about 5-10. Dominant tree species included jak (Artocarpus heterophvilus [; coconut (Cocosnuciferai, mango (Mangifer a indica), areca nut (Areca catechu), mahogany (Swieteniamacrophvllai etc. Majority of house holders (90%) considered cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) asan additional income source. All the householders consumed the products of the home-gardens asfood.Less than 10% of house-holders rare animals and although there is a good potential for bee keeping,less than I% of householders practiced this. Wild-boar and wild-rat attack was one of the mainproblems in crop production. Soil erosion was also a problem in this area and less than 30% ofhouseholders practiced some form of soi I conservation methods. Half of the householders fu Ifi Iledtheir energy requirement from their home-gardens. Although there are many advantages in homegardening.householders don't pay adequate attention as they don't fully understand the various benefitsof proper home-garden ing.

Analysis on Plantation Potential for <i>Pistacia chinensis</i> as an Energy Plant in Sichuan Province of China Based on GIS

This article evaluated the plantation potential of Pistacia chinensis in Sichuan Province of China based on the spatial analyst technology of Geographic Information System and Analytic Hierarchy Process. The evaluation results show that the high suitable, suitable, moderate suitable and no suitable areas for the plantation of P. chinensis are 28×104hm2, 160×104hm2, 177×104hm2 and 690×104hm2 respectively. The high suitable areas of shrub land, open forest land and unutilized land for its plantation are 9×104hm2, 16×104hm2 and 3×104hm2 respectively. The high suitable regions distribute in fifteen prefecture-level cities. Yibin City has the biggest high suitable area with 4.92×104hm2. Dazhou City has the biggest suitable area of 23.47×104hm2. Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture aren’t suitable for its plantation basically. The evaluation results can provide scientific basis for the planting plan of P. chinensis to a certain extent.

基于面向对象及光谱特征的植被信息提取与分析

面向对象分类方法是实现精确详细提取遥感信息的新方法。以2010年TM影像作为基础数据,采用面向对象方法着重提取了西辽河流域平原的植被信息(耕地、林地、中生偏旱和中生偏湿草)。通过对不同地物的光谱和空间信息(位置、形状)进行比较分析,建立适当的隶属度函数和阈值范围,在草地的分类规则中,参考野外采集的草地植被光谱信息,辅助草地属性特征选择。最后构建分类决策树,完成自动分类,分类总体精度达到82.13%。在分类结果的基础上,讨论了植被分布特点,对不同类型的植被面积、不同区县植被面积以及植被与一级河流关系三方面进行分析。结果显示:研究区植被以林地和耕地为主,分别占总面积的38.9%和23.3%;耕地、林地、中生偏湿草地多分布于河流中下游区县,受人为因素影响较大的林地、耕地主要集中在科尔沁左翼中旗和科尔沁左翼后旗;林地、中生偏湿草较集中分布在一级河流的10km缓冲区内,耕地主要集中在5km缓冲区内,中生偏旱草与一级河流的关系不显著。;Object-oriented technique is a new method providing more accurate mapping product with higher detail. In this paper, TM images of 2010 were selected as the data sources. Based on object-oriented method, six categories information of west Liaohe river basin were extracted, including cultivated land, forest land, grassland (xero-mesophytes and hygro-mesophytes), water and unutilized land. Comparing and analyzing the spectral and spatial information among the categories, appropriate threshold were set in membership function. Meanwhile, the field spectral characteristics analysis was utilized to help in determining the appropriate grassland classification rules. Then combining classification tree, the automatic classification was accomplished and the general accuracy was 82.13%. Moreover, we discussed the characteristic of vegetation distribution in study area. Using spatial analysis of GIS to statistic different vegetation area, different vegetation area in different counties and relationship between vegetation and first class river, the results showed: (1) forest land and grassland were predominant vegetation in study area, which area accounted for 38.9% and 23.3% respectively. (2) Forest land, cultivated land and hygro-mesopgytes were mainly distributed in counties which located in middle and lower reaches of the river. Influenced by human impact, cultivated land and forest land concentrated distribution in Horqin Left Middle Banner and Horqin Left Back Banner. (3) Forest land and hygro-mesophytes were mainly distributed in 10 km buffer zone of the first class river, cultivated land concentrated distribution in 5km buffer zone of the first class river.

南京市景观时空动态变化及其驱动力

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 南京市景观时空动态变化及其驱动力 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201304110673 作者: 作者单位: 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,国家林业局城市林业研究中心;中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家科技部"十二五"科技支撑项目(2011BAD38B03) Spatio-temporal dynamics of land use/land cover and its driving forces in Nanjing from 1995 to 2008 Author: Affiliation: Research Institute of Forestry,CAF, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:选择南京市1995、2000和2008年的土地利用/土地覆盖数据,对其土地利用斑块动态变化与景观斑块的空间稳定性进行探讨。结果表明,全市总体上以耕地、林地和草地的减少,以及建设用地和水域的大幅度增加为典型特征。1995-2000年间耕地、林地和草地面积净减少了12017.2 hm2,2000-2008年间净减少41029.13 hm2;全市的建设用地面积1995-2000年间仅增加了11981.3 hm2, 2000-2008年间面积增加了41027.06 hm2。从斑块类型的面积稳定性来看,各种土地利用斑块的空间稳定性都非常高,除了2000-2008年间未利用土地的自身空间保持率为50.66%外,其他土地景观类型的保持率都在90%以上。从不稳定斑块的空间分布看,1995-2000年间,主要集中在南京市的栖霞区、浦口区和江宁区,呈离散分布特征; 2000-2008年间,不稳定斑块一方面呈现出集中连片的分布态势,这在江宁区和栖霞区最为典型,另一方面这种集中分布趋势也扩大到了六合区与高淳县。从不稳定斑块的转化方向看,均以建设用地所占比例最大,两个时段内转为建设用地的不稳定斑块分别占到了不稳定斑块总面积的87.09%和68.46%,其次的转化方向为水域,两个时间段内分别达到了10.61%和23.86%。从景观斑块变化的原因来看,对当地景观斑块稳定性影响最大的主要是人口与经济发展、城市规划的引导和重大的生态建设工程等人为因素。 Abstract:It is of great significance both theoretically and practically to describe and understand the dynamics of urban spatial structure for developing optimal urban planning and achieving the healthy urban ecosystem functions. We, hereby, used the land use maps of Nanjing in 1995, 2000 and 2008 to analyze the dynamics of land use patches, stability and the driving forces. The methodology includes the ArcGis tools and social-economic statistics. Finally the recommendations for urban forestry planning of Nanjing were provided thereafter.Overall, the cropland, construction land and forest land of Nanjing were three major landscape patch types and over 50% of the cropland has been the matrix throughout the year of 1995 to 2008. Landscape changes included the area decrease in cropland, forest land, grass land, and the increase in construction land and waters. In addition, the landscape change was getting more rapidly over the time. The area of cropland, forest land and grass land had decreased by 12,017 ha in total from 1995 to 2000, and 41,029 ha from 2000 to 2008. In the meantime, the area of construction land had increased by 11,981 ha from 1995 to 2000, and 41,027 ha from 2000 to 2008. From the perspective of the stability of the area of landscape patch types, the spatial stability of each land use type was very high. All land use types had a stability rate over 90%, except for the unutilized land with a stability rate of 50.66%, from 2000 to 2008. Using the GIS spatial locating techniques, all the unstable patches and its changing direction were all showed on the map. Based on this information, we found that, the unstable patches were mainly scattered in Qixia District, Pukou District and Jiangning District from 1995 to 2000; and from 2000 to 2008, those patches were more aggregated and connected especially in Jiangning and Qixia districts, and the unstable patches were also aggregated in Liuhe District and Gaochun County. Depond on the GIS satistacs founction,we found that the unstable patches were transformed into the construction land by an area rate of 87.09% and 68.46%, and to the water bodies by 10.61% and 23.86%, respectively, for the two periods. In contrast, the transformation rate in to cropland, forest land and grass land were all below 5%.Our analysis indicated that the climate warming and drying has posted the effects on the landscape changes and thus the quality of the whole urban ecosystem of the city, especial on the forest, grassland cropland and water body ecosystem. Moreover, it was the human factors that posted the most significant effects on the area and the stability of patches including population increase, economic development, urban planning strategies. From 2000 to 2008, the population increased from 544.89×104 to 624.46×104, and the GDP from 1021.3×108 to 3814.62×108, all of this changes exerted prodigious effects on urban development of Nanjing city. At the same time, there are three major ecological construction engineering were implemented which led the the area of forest increased from 7.71×104 hm2(2000) to15.33×104 hm2(2008). 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Sericulture For Sustainable Environment and Income Generation: The Case of the CHED-DMMMSU Sericulture Project

Abstract - This paper analyzed the role of sericulture as a tool for the socio-economic benefit of clients in the rural areas as well as its potential role for climate change adaptation as a result of the implementation of the CHED funded project entitled, Silk Technology Promotion and Commercialization: CHED-DMMMSU Strategy for Employment Generation of DMMMSU Graduates and Others as Agribusiness Entrepreneurs and in Support to RA 9242. The study was conducted in Bacnotan, Balaoan and San Gabriel, La Union. Descriptive analysis was used. Data was analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. Findings showed that most of the respondents were males, 33-59 years old, married with household size of 6, college graduate, main source of income is farming, owned and rented farms of less than a hectare to two hectares, and with the lands now planted with mulberry as previously unutilized and/or underutilized with some portions planted with camote, peanut, banana, rice or vegetables. Sericulture provided labor opportunities within the household for five to 75 years old. Labor generation for children of five to 24 years old is 41.18% while in support to Gender and Development, 30.77% of project cooperators are female, 38.1% of family members helping for silkworm rearing are female children while 30.3% are female adults, 33-53 years old. Income on cocoon production excluding other sericulture by products, amounting to P78,091 was generated by the farmer-sericulturist in 2009 with their income up to P12,390 and 117 ROI. In 2010, total income generated was P67,228 with highest income of P12,124. As of January 2011, the project produced a total of ( 1,038.05 (kg) ) fresh cocoons valued at P145,327, 105.46 kg raw silk yarn valued at P263,650 and ( 1,025.5(m) ) 100% silk fabric valued at P717,850. For environmental sustainability and natural resource management supportive to the Millennium Development Goals and on thrust on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, and RA 9729 (Phil. Climate Change Act), 3.3 hectares of unutilized and underutilized lands were made productive by planting mulberry trees. The total fresh biomass production of mulberry in the different project sites is ( 130,767.7 (kg) (about 28.57 tons/ha/yr). The 44,050 mulberry trees planted in the different areas has a total carbon dioxide sequestration of ( 172,977.5 (kg/yr) ) at a rate of 12,666kg/ha/yr (just one area with less than a year) to ( 53,998.65 (kg/ha/yr) ) in all other mulberry production areas. No occurrence of soil erosion was observed in all areas. Employing various strategies, the project was able to demonstrate the viability of sericulture for commercial cocoon production to 13 sericulture farmers surpassing its target by 30% integrating the conduct of research and extension and institutionalizing continuing support for the sericulture R & D/E activities. Sericulture is a good tool for climate change adaptation and mitigation manifested by its high rate of CO2 sequestration, prevention of erosion, use of marginal lands coupled with its income and labor generation potentials in almost all age levels. Thus, promotion of sericulture should be supported. Keywords - sericulture, climate change adaptation, income generation

Land use pattern optimization based on CLUE-S and SWAT models for agricultural non-point source pollution control

Improper land use is one major cause of non-point source pollution. Integrated modeling would support the evaluation and optimization of land use for the non-point source pollution control. In this study, the CLUE-S (the Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small regional extent) and SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) models were coupled to simulate pollution loads under different land use scenarios in the upstream watershed of Miyun Reservoir in Beijing, China. The results indicated that changes in land use structure and pattern under different land use scenarios have significantly affected the non-point source pollution load. The increase of orchards and loss of forest cover has led to an increase in the potential pollution loads of nitrogen by 5.27% and phosphorus by 4.03%. However, in the agricultural non-point source pollution control scenario, pollution loads of nitrogen decreased by 13.94% and phosphorus by 9.86%, resulting from the establishment of riparian vegetation buffers and restoring forest on unutilized land and slope arable land. Coupling the hydrological model SWAT and the land use model CLUE-S succeeded in evaluating the land use pattern for agricultural non-point source pollution control. The coupling of two models provides a new approach for land use optimization towards non-point source pollution control.

The Implications of Ecological Sensitivity on Exploitation of Unutilized Land: A Case Study in Ji’Nan City, China

As the cultivated land reserve resources, the unutilized land should be exploited to get the best benefits based on its suitability, meanwhile the exploitation should avoid ecological destruction for the aim of ecological security. Taking of unutilized land in Ji’nan city as a case, the paper established ecological sensitivity analysis model and suitability evaluation model to calculate the exploitation potential of unutilized land. The results showed that limited by environmental factors, the unutilized land located in severely sensitive area and extremely sensitive area accounted for 39.99% of the total unutilized land; 65.87% of the unutilized land are suitable for cultivated land. From the spatial distribution, the unutilized land suitable for cultivated land is mainly distributed in the northern plain region and the south area along the Yellow River region.