Unusual Series Research Articles

Environmental and Convenient Construction Strategy to Obtained New Supreme Series of Fused 1,2,4-Triazalo System Incorporating N-Acetyl Quanazole

The presentation goal is to develop new procedures for regioselective synthesis of unusual series of heterocyclic compounds (2-8) derived from N-acetyl guanazole (1) which received a great deal of attention due to it's unique properties. N-acetyl guaunazole used as active precursor to obtained two type of fused 1,2,4-triazole system. The first one including grinding for (1 min.) of a mixture consist of N-acetyl guanazole , malononitrile and substituted benzaldehlyde through direct one-pot multicomponent reaction to achieve a new series of 1,2,4-trazolo[1,5-a,4,3-a]bispyrimidine (2-7). Whereas, the second one involved firstly the conversion of N-acetyl gluanazole to the corresponding Schiff base (8-13) accelerated by microwave irradiation (MWI) for few minutes, then they will underwent intercyclization reaction with phenyl isothiocynate and also acceclerated by grinding then by microwave irradiation to afford 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a,4,3-a] bistriazine (14-18).

Stannylenes and Germylenes Stabilized by Tetradentate Bis(amidine) Ligands with a Rigid Naphthalene Backbone.

An unusual series of germylenes and stannylenes stabilized by new tetradentate bis(amidine) ligands RNC(R')N-linker-NC(R')NR with a rigid naphthalene backbone has been prepared by protonolysis reaction of Lappert's metallylenes [M(HMDS)2] (M = Ge or Sn). Germylenes and stannylenes were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. DFT calculations have been performed to clarify the structural and electronic properties associated with tetradentate bis(amidine) ligands. Stannylene L1Sn shows reactivity through oxidation, oxidative addition, and transmetalation reactions, affording the corresponding gallium and aluminum derivatives.

Structural Diversity in Divalent Group 14 Triflate Complexes Involving Endocyclic Thia-Macrocyclic Coordination.

A highly unusual series of M(II) (M = Ge, Sn, Pb) complexes with endocyclic thioether macrocyclic coordination and with coordination numbers ranging from three to nine have been prepared by the reaction of [9]aneS3 (1,4,7-trithiacyclononane), [12]aneS4 (1,4,7,10-tetrathiacyclododecane), or [24]aneS8 (1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octathiacyclotetracosane) with M(OTf)2 (M = Sn and Pb; OTf = CF3SO3-) or with GeCl2·dioxane and 2 mol equiv of TMSOTf (Me3SiO3SCF3) in a mixture of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and MeCN. The isolated bulk products are characterized by 1H, 13C{1H}, 19F{1H}, and 119Sn{1H} NMR and IR spectroscopy, high-resolution ESI+ MS, and microanalytical data. Crystal structures are also reported for [M(L)][OTf]2 (M = Ge, Sn, Pb; L = [9]aneS3, [12]aneS4) and for [M([24]aneS8)][OTf]2 (M = Sn, Pb). In all cases, the ligand is bound in an endocyclic fashion, but the coordination environment and number are highly dependent on the group 14 ion, the macrocyclic ring size, and the number of S-donor atoms it presents. Solution NMR spectroscopic data suggest that the metal-macrocycle coordination is retained in solution but that the triflate anions are extensively dissociated on the NMR timescale. Density functional theory calculations on the [M([9]aneS3)]2+ and [M([12]aneS4)]2+ (M = Ge, Sn, Pb) dications reveal that the HOMO is centered on the group 14 atom as a directional "lone pair"; it also retains a significant amount of positive charge.

Breast abscess in two Nepalese newborns: An unusual series.

BackgroundBreast abscess in newborns is an exceedingly rare pyogenic inflammation that usually starts as mastitis neonatorum. Although mastitis can respond to antibiotic therapy in the initial stages, once advanced into a purulent collection, decompression may be indicated either in the form of needle aspiration or even surgical drainage. We present two newborns with breast abscesses managed surgically with successful outcomes.Case presentationCase 1: A 13-day-old boy presented with swelling and redness over the left breast for a day. Local examination revealed a warm, indurated swelling with redness and fluctuation. Needle aspiration confirmed pus. Intravenous (IV) antibiotics were started right away followed by pus drainage, the culture of which yielded Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Regular wound care subsequently resulted in complete recovery.Case 2: A 15-day-old boy presented with swelling, redness and milky discharge from the right breast for two days. The swelling was erythematous, tender and indurated but not cystic or fluctuant. Ultrasonogram was suggestive of an abscess. Once again, IV antibiotics were administered followed by drainage. Pus yielded MSSA. Following regular wound dressings, satisfactory healing was achieved.ConclusionNeonatal mastitis and breast abscess are uncommon. Early recognition followed by appropriate antibiotic therapy and drainage of the abscess is the mainstay of treatment.

Phylogenetic analysis and diversity of peculiar new lecanicephalidean tapeworms (Eniochobothriidae) from cownose rays across the globe

The three members of the lecanicephalidean tapeworm family Eniochobothriidae are unusual among tapeworms in that they lack a vagina and possess a series of expanded proglottids forming a trough at the anterior end of their body. They exclusively parasitise cownose rays of the genus Rhinoptera (Myliobatiformes: Rhinopteridae). New collections from six of the nine known species of cownose rays from the waters off Australia, Mexico, Mozambique, Senegal, Taiwan and the United States (off Mississippi, Louisiana and South Carolina) yielded eight new species and a new genus of eniochobothriids. Here we erect Amiculucestus, gen. nov. and describe six of the eight new species – four in the new genus and two in Eniochobothrium – expanding the number of genera in the family to two and the number of described species in the family to nine. Morphological work was based on light and scanning electron microscopy. The tree resulting from a maximum likelihood analysis of sequence data for the D1–D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene for 11 species of eniochobothriids supports the reciprocal monophyly of both genera. The mode of attachment to the mucosal surface of the spiral intestine of the host was investigated using histological sections of worms in situ. These cestodes appear to use the anterior trough-like portion of their body, which consists of an unusual series of barren proglottids, rather than their scolex, to attach to the mucosal surface. Based on our new collections, we estimate that the total number of eniochobothriids across the globe does not exceed 27 species. ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0740EC72‐AC3F‐43AA‐BD41‐B9820BA9D0CE

Splenic injury following endoscopic drainage of a large pancreatic pseudocyst: a case report

BackgroundMany pancreatic pseudocysts spontaneously resolve, but larger or symptomatic pseudocysts may require procedural management. Though endoscopic ultrasound guided approaches are standard of care and have high success rates, complications can include bleeding, infection, and splenic perforation. This patient case report details an unusual series of complications of endoscopic cystogastrostomy that should encourage clinicians to evaluate for anatomic disruptions caused by mass effects of pancreatic pseudocysts prior to endoscopic pseudocyst drainage.Case presentationA 53-year-old African American male with a past medical history notable for alcohol use disorder, chronic pancreatitis, and insulin dependent diabetes presented with a 4-day history of left upper quadrant abdominal pain. Computed tomography imaging with contrast revealed enlargement of a known pancreatic pseudocyst to 15.9 × 10.4 cm. Due to pseudocyst size and the patient’s symptoms, endoscopic cystogastrostomy stent placement was performed. However, postprocedurally, he developed leukocytosis to 19,800 cells/m3 (from 14,100 cells/m3 preoperatively) as well as acute hypoxemic respiratory failure with a large left pleural effusion. Postprocedural computed tomography with contrast demonstrated a new large subcapsular splenic hematoma in communication with a new subdiaphragmatic fluid collection. Due to suspicion of endoscopic procedural complication, he underwent open laparotomy which revealed grade 4 splenic laceration, septic splenic hematoma, and a subdiaphragmatic abscess.ConclusionsWhile endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst was technically successful, this case demonstrates complications from mass effect of a large pancreatic pseudocyst which putatively tore the splenorenal ligament, leading to excessive separation of the left kidney and spleen. If anatomic disruptions caused by mass effect from a pancreatic pseudocyst are recognized through preprocedural abdominal imaging, such cases may be considered for early open repair versus cystogastrostomy.

Pyramidal Dicationic Ge(II) Complexes with Homoleptic Neutral Pnictine Coordination: A Combined Experimental and Density Functional Theory Study

An unusual series of Ge(II) dicationic species with homoleptic phosphine and arsine coordination, [Ge(L)][OTf]2, L = 3 × PMe3, triphos (MeC(CH2PPh2)3), triars (MeC(CH2AsMe2)3), or κ3-tetraphos (P(CH2CH2PPh2)3) (OTf- = O3SCF3-) have been prepared by reaction of [GeCl2(dioxane)] with L and 2 mol equiv of Me3SiOTf in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (or MeCN for L = triars, triphos). X-ray crystal structures are reported for [Ge(PMe3)3][OTf]2, [Ge(triars)][OTf]2, and [Ge(κ3-tetraphos)][OTf]2, confirming homoleptic P3- or As3-coordination at Ge(II) in each case and with the discrete OTf- anions providing a charge balance. The Ge-P/As bond lengths are significantly shorter than those in neutral germanium(II) dihalide complexes with diphosphine or diarsine coordination. Solution NMR spectroscopic data indicate that the complexes are labile in solution. Using excess AsMe3 and [GeCl2(dioxane)] gives only the neutral product, [Ge(AsMe2)2(OTf)2], the crystal structure of which shows four coordination at Ge(II), via two As donor atoms and an O atom from two κ1-OTf- ligands; further weak, long-range intermolecular interactions give a chain polymer. The electronic structure of the [Ge(PMe3)3]2+ dication has been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The computed geometrical parameters for this dication are in good agreement with the experimental X-ray crystallographic values in [Ge(PMe3)3][OTf]2. The results also indicate that the pyramidal arrangement of the [Ge(PMe3)3]2+ (computed P-Ge-P angle 96.8° at the B3LYP-D3 level) arises from a balance between electronic energy (Eelec) contributions, which favor a lower P-Ge-P angle, and nuclear-nuclear contributions (Enn), which favor a higher P-Ge-P angle, to the total energy (ETOT). An Atoms in Molecules (AIM) analysis reveals that one reason why Eelec decreases as the P-Ge-P angle decreases is because of C···H and H···H interactions between atoms on different CH3 groups. The stability of the [Ge(PMe3)3]2+ dication is enhanced by the distribution of a significant part of the positive charge on Ge2+ to the atomic centers of the PMe3 ligands. Similar results were obtained for [Ge(AsMe3)3][OTf]2, showing the tris-AsMe3 complex to be less stable compared to the PMe3 analogue. Related calculations were also performed for the neutral [Ge(PMe3)2(OTf)2] and [Ge(AsMe3)2(OTf)2] complexes.

Immunisation in Byron Shire.

What an unusual series of encounters with Byron Bay ‘Gav’ and his amusingly inconsistent vaccination views.1 This story does highlight some of the key findings from our recent research with a group of non-vaccinating parents in the Byron Shire. The Byron Shire in Northern NSW has about 30 000 residents with a well-established community emphasis on natural health and lifestyle, and a national reputation for lower than average childhood vaccination rates. In 2015–2017 we spoke with 32 parents living in the Byron Shire who had chosen not to vaccinate their children, to understand more about their reasons for this choice. Recent studies with similar aims have also been conducted in well-defined geographical areas near Adelaide and Perth and more recently through nationally targeted recruitment.2, 3 We have learned that parents who make this decision come to it in vastly different ways, that they are in general reasonable, conscientious parents and quite often they review their decision surprisingly frequently.3, 4 Perhaps Gav has reached his views through online conspiratorial reading. However, studies in Australia and internationally convincingly refute the concept that passively reading anti-vaccination messages online or otherwise is the sole cause of vaccine refusal.3, 5 More commonly parents reported such things as an event which caused them to doubt the safety or efficacy of vaccines, mistrust for the institutions who provide and promote vaccination and misalignment with their inherent belief systems and parenting values.3, 4, 6 Despite the path parents take in reaching their decision not to vaccinate, what we have learned is that a nuanced, personalised conversation with non-vaccinating parents is more fruitful than a one-size-fits-all approach. Health professionals' recommendations, when accessible and non-judgemental, have often been highly valued in our studies. They can approach this by asking about parents' stories, making every effort to understand the reasons behind their decision and acknowledging their experiences and concerns. Parents expect health professionals to make a clear, unambiguous recommendation to vaccinate according to the immunisation schedule and appreciate being provided with information addressing their specific questions regarding the safety, efficacy or necessity of recommended vaccines.3, 7 In regards to managing casual conversations in a Byron café, perhaps we need a further research project, for which I (approaching the end of a part-time doctorate) will not be volunteering! There are some great resources for both health professionals and parents including those on the Sharing Knowledge About Immunisation (SKAI) website (https://www.talkingaboutimmunisation.org.au/ and http://providers.talkingaboutimmunisation.org.au/) which has a suite of excellent evidence-based resources to guide effective, respectful conversations with parents about vaccination.8 Gav's story also provides a reminder of the importance of collecting accurate vaccination data. Currently we know the percentages of vaccination coverage throughout Australia; however, since the introduction of No Jab No Pay legislation in 2016, Australia does not record the number of conscientious objections as distinct from incomplete vaccination for other reasons.9 Just as a vet cannot know how many dogs are vaccinated as a percentage of the whole population, only those who present to their practice, Australia no longer has a truly accurate measure of intentional childhood vaccination refusal. One last thing to consider: living in the Byron Shire for over 20 years, I have witnessed a significant cultural change in the past couple of years. As houses are listed for sale, they are snapped up by city dwellers at increasingly impressive prices. This is visibly changing the culture and norms of the area. Perhaps it is timely for us to consider changing our narrative to avoid ongoing ‘anti-vax’ stereotyping of the Byron Shire, steering clear of the risk that we may normalise or even glamorise vaccination rejection as ‘part of the Byron lifestyle’.

Mucormycosis osteomyelitis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: treatment and outcomes of 21 reported cases.

AimsOur purpose was to describe an unusual series of 21 patients with fungal osteomyelitis after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R).MethodsWe present a case-series of consecutive patients treated at our institution due to a severe fungal osteomyelitis after an arthroscopic ACL-R from November 2005 to March 2015. Patients were referred to our institution from different areas of our country. We evaluated the amount of bone resection required, type of final reconstructive procedure performed, and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) functional score.ResultsA total of 21 consecutive patients were included in the study; 19 were male with median age of 28 years (IQR 25 to 32). All ACL-R were performed with hamstrings autografts with different fixation techniques. An oncological-type debridement was needed to control persistent infection symptoms. There were no recurrences of fungal infection after median of four surgical debridements (IQR 3 to 6). Five patients underwent an extensive curettage due to the presence of large cavitary lesions and were reconstructed with hemicylindrical intercalary allografts (HIAs), preserving the epiphysis. An open surgical debridement was performed resecting the affected epiphysis in 15 patients, with a median bone loss of 11 cm (IQR 11.5 to 15.6). From these 15 cases, eight patients were reconstructed with allograft prosthesis composites (APC); six with tumour-type prosthesis (TTP) and one required a femoral TTP in combination with a tibial APC. One underwent an above-the-knee amputation. The median MSTS functional score was 20 points at a median of seven years (IQR 5 to 9) of follow-up.ConclusionThis study suggests that mucormycosis infection after an ACL-R is a serious complication. Diagnosis is usually delayed until major bone destructive lesions are present. This may originate additional massive reconstructive surgeries with severe functional limitations for the patients.Level of evidence: IVCite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;2(1):3–8.

Magneto-optical conductivity of a topological nodal ring semimetal in a tilted magnetic field

The frequency-dependent magneto-optical response of a topological nodal ring semimetal in a tilted magnetic field is studied systematically. Because of its specific low-energy band structure, we find that the magneto-optical response is affected qualitatively by both the strength and direction of the magnetic field. In the clean limit under the magnetic field along the ring axis, the magneto-optical response is investigated analytically, and several meaningful features are presented. For large ring radii, we find an unusual series of peaks in the transverse optical conductivity. As the ring axis tilts away from the magnetic field, the optical transitions are broken by the vertical projection of the magnetic field. For small ring radii, there is mixing of resonant peaks. The magneto-optical conductivities are explained by optical transitions between the underlying Landau level structure. The influence of chemical potential on the magneto-optical conductivities has been investigated correspondingly.

From Oak Woods and Swamps: The Butterflies Recorded in Georgia by John Abbot (1751-C.1840) Based on His Drawings and Specimens

Despite numerous references to his drawings in the literature, the actual number of butterfly species that English artist-naturalist John Abbot (1751-c.1840) recorded in Georgia was unknown. As part of an exhaustive study spanning nearly 20 years, several thousand of Abbot's insect and bird drawings were examined. This includes a newly rediscovered collection of insect life history watercolors that Abbot sold to Heinrich Escher-Zollikofer, 20 of which were used for illustrations in the book Histoire Generale et Iconographie des Lepidopteres et des Chenilles de l'Amerique Septentrionale by Boisduval and Le Conte (1829-[1837]). Many of Abbot's figures that were used for this book were overpainted by Charles Emile Blanchard. Also recently discovered is an unusual series of Abbot's drawings that almost entirely portray early stages of insects, mostly Lepidoptera. Each collection of Abbot's insect drawings is detailed, and the butterflies they portray are documented. Examples from most collections are figured. Abbot's species names and abundance observations are given, and his duplicate compositions are chronologically tabulated. Historical books and manuscripts that figure (or may figure) Abbot's specimens are cited, as are more recent publications that include photographs of his butterfly drawings. Insect collections that are known to contain Abbot's specimens are summarized, and known (or suspected) specimens are listed by species. Based on these findings, Abbot recorded at least 107 species of butterflies in eastern Georgia, but another 29 species have been recorded in the region since his lifetime. Some additional details about the production of Smith and Abbot (1797) are also presented.

Interpellating the state

ABSTRACTNo longer the sole purview of comedians, satire is increasingly used by activists as a tool of political intervention. During a protest campaign in postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina, activists used the satirical frame of a fake confession as a form of an “inverse interpellation” to provoke a response from the disinterested and dysfunctional postwar state authorities. This unusual series of events involved an unpopular prime minister, incriminating graffiti, and citizens who were hailing the police in an ironic key, showing how some forms of leftist political activism may be based on a desire to restore, rather than oppose, an overarching governing authority. [interpellation, satire, activism, postsocialism, the state, Bosnia and Herzegovina]

Mechanical Insertion and Reliability Testing of Thermal Interface Materials for Semiconductor Test and Burn-in Applications

Abstract Very challenging requirements exist for thermal interface materials (TIMs) for demanding applications I semiconductor testing. Reliability requirements and multiple contact cycling requirements are substantially different and do not exist in traditional applications for TIMs. Developing new material types to meet these very exacting and unusual requirements has been a long-term goal and requires development of an unusual series of test procedures to demonstrate whether the desired reliability goals have been met. Use of a servo-driven, commercial test stand that has unique features for operation and control is described as the basis for a reliability and performance test program developed for these new materials in three phases, with new data for a fourth test phase added, and comparative values for material performance.

An Unusual Series of Autonomous Discrete Integrable Equations on a Square Lattice

We present an infinite series of autonomous discrete equations on a square lattice with hierarchies of autonomous generalized symmetries and conservation laws in both directions. Their orders in both directions are equal to κN, where κ is an arbitrary natural number and N is the equation number in the series. Such a structure of hierarchies is new for discrete equations in the case N > 2. The symmetries and conservation laws are constructed using the master symmetries, which are found directly together with generalized symmetries. Such a construction scheme is apparently new in the case of conservation laws. Another new point is that in one of the directions, we introduce the master symmetry time into the coefficients of the discrete equations. In the most interesting case N = 2, we show that a second-order generalized symmetry is closely related to a relativistic Toda-type integrable equation. As far as we know, this property is very rare in the case of autonomous discrete equations.

Supraselar tumor as cause of amaurosis - the unusual suspects-case series

Supraselar tumor as cause of amaurosis - the unusual suspects-case series

Detection of extensive optical emission from the extremely radio faint Galactic supernova remnant G182.4+4.3

Abstract Wide-field H α images of the radio faint Galactic supernova remnant G182.4+4.2 reveal a surprisingly extensive and complex emission structure, with an unusual series of broad and diffuse filaments along the remnant’s south-western limb. Deep [O iii] 5007 Å images reveal no appreciable remnant emission with the exception of a single filament coincident with the westernmost of the broad south-west filaments. The near total absence of [O iii] emission suggests the majority of the remnant’s optical emission arises from relatively slow shocks (≤70 km s−1), consistent with little or no associated X-ray emission. Low-dispersion optical spectra of several regions in the remnant’s main emission structure confirm a lack of appreciable [O iii] emission and indicate [S ii]/Hα line ratios of 0.73–1.03, consistent with a shock-heated origin. We find G182.4+4.2 to be a relatively large (d ∼ 50 pc at 4 kpc) and much older (age ∼ 40 kyr) supernova remnant than previously estimated, whose weak radio and X-ray emissions are related to its age, low shock velocity, and location in a low-density region some 12 kpc out from the Galactic Centre.

Editorial Comment

The authors present an unusual series of patients with complaints of persistent suprapubic pain. The report details their presumptive explanation for the etiology of the discomfort and a successful treatment regimen. This observation gives urologists a reasonable plan for management of symptomatic suprapubic fluid collections in males with a history of bladder exstrophy and/or epispadias repair.

Formation of corundum and associated mineral zones in the hybrid ultramafic-pegmatite association of the Neoproterozoic Hafafit core complex, South-Eastern Desert, Egypt

Unusual series of hybrid metasomatic mineral zones are well developed when the granitic pegmatite veins cross-cut through ultramafic rocks at the Hafafit complex, South Eastern Desert of Egypt. Two groups of mineralogical zones are developed; the first group related to the serpentinized ultramafic rocks (peridotite-related zones) comprises anthophyllite-, actinolite- and vermiculite-bearing zones, whereas the second group related to the pegmatite veins (pegmatite-related zones) comprises hercynite- and corundum-bearing zones. Tourmaline-rich zone only occurs when the pegmatite veins come in contact between ultramafic rocks and biotite-rich granitic gneiss. The mineral assemblages, bulk rock geochemistry and in situ mineral chemistry suggest a metasomatic origin for the hybrid zones. The mineral assemblages: corundum + margarite ± Ca-plagioclase, hercynite + corundum + garnet ± chlorite, and anthophyllite + actinolite + enstatite, in addition to the constrained garnet-biotite/phlogopite geothermometer, and the higher tourmaline XMg, strongly indicate amphibolite facies metamorphism for the ultramafic-pegmatite hybrid zones. The constrained temperature ranges between 500 and 700 °C and a pressure around 7 kbars, with pronounced increases of metamorphism from the outermost zone in the serpentinized ultramafic ongoing to the pegmatite mineral zones. Juxtaposition of two contrasting rock types (highly reactive hot SiO2-, alkali-rich melt and cool silica-deficient ultramafic rocks) side by side would results in an intense contact bimetasomatic elemental exchange. The SiO2, H2O and alkalies would be offered by pegmatite melt, while MgO, FeO and CaO were supplied by serpentinized ultramafic rocks. The small volume of pegmatite melt relative to the ultramafic rocks would be easily desilicated by SiO2 diffusion into the ultramafic rocks to form the monomineralic SiO2-rich minerals in the peridotite-related zones. Consequently, Al2O3 would be concentrated in the residual melt to form corundum and other Al-rich mineral phases in the pegmatite-related zones. The small size of pegmatite veins and refractory nature of the ultramafic rocks could be the reasons precluding the formation of colored gem corundum in the Hafafit complex. Restricted occurrence of tourmaline-rich zone at the ultramafic-granitic gneiss contact is attributed to the diffusion of B-rich fluids generated from the leaching of biotite-rich granitic gneiss.

Unusual cases of Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis in naturally infected animals in the Czech Republic

The tapeworm Taenia crassiceps has an indirect life cycle. Occasionally, metacestode stages have been reported from aberrant hosts as dogs, cats, lemurs and humans. This study describes an unusual series of serious cysticercosis cases: an 18-month-old male Yorkshire terrier dog with pleural cysticercosis accompanied by a cough, a 10-year-old male Shih Tzu dog with subcutaneous cysticercosis as well as a Cape ground squirrel and a Senegal bushbaby, both with generalised cysticercosis. Surgery was successful only in the Shih Tzu. The Yorkshire terrier died a few hours after surgery, while the Cape ground squirrel was euthanised and the Senegal bushbaby died before surgery. Cysticerci from the four cases were identified morphologically and using molecular methods. Fragments of genes coding for cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 were sequenced for each of the four isolates. Their affiliation to T. crassiceps was confirmed by comparison with the sequence data of other isolates available in the GenBank database. In general, the comparison of sequences of all isolates showed low variability in nucleotide composition (at most five positions). The cases from captive zoo animals represent the first findings of T. crassiceps in the Cape ground squirrel and Senegal bushbaby. The optimal treatment of cysticercosis caused by T. crassiceps remains unclear. Successful attempts usually include extensive surgical interventions and prolonged anthelmintic treatment. Chemotherapeutic options are limited. Although regular deworming targeting intestinal helminths of dogs is not effective against T. crassiceps cysticerci, it may help to prevent contamination of the environment by tapeworm eggs contained in dog faeces and reduce the risk of infection for susceptible animals and humans.

Odontomas: An Unusual Case Series Associated with Infection and Cutaneous Fistula Formation

Odontomas: An Unusual Case Series Associated with Infection and Cutaneous Fistula Formation