Unused Material Research Articles

PKM Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Bahan Bekas Sebagai Media Pembelajaran IPA bagi Kelompok Guru IPA

Based on observations at SMP Nusantara Indah Sintang and SMP Panca Setya 2 Sintang as a schoolspartner, it is seen that the condition of the laboratory is inadequate wherethe available of the tools and materials are less. Science Teachers did not innovate and create creations to overcome the problem. In addition, practicum activities are rarely done, including in utilizing the surrounding environment. Science Teachers tend to do learning process with theory. Therefore, the joint proponent cooperates to overcome the problem through the program of Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM). This PKM program is aims to improve teachers' skills in designing and developing learning media with unused materials. The method used in the achievement of the goal is the implementation of inservice in the form of training and mentoring. The training was carried out is the training of techniques to design learning media with used materials. The results of the training is there are six media developed i.e linear motion, simple machine, digestive system, additive substances, structure and function of plant tissue, and circulatory system.

Green Roofs - A Sustainable Tool of Healthier Cities, Applications in Egypt

The huge roof areas of buildings in Egypt are currently neglected or occupied by storing unused furniture, building materials & leftovers. these areas are considered a sort of danger to buildings rather than been utilized to create green areas, or social spaces that can be used by people in a better way. Green roofs as an idea could be easily applied, considering the suitable climatic conditions in Egypt among the whole year, this paper is an attempt to explore the idea of green roofs, and its applications in Egypt putting in consideration the huge available roof areas on public or private scale(s), and how these neglected resources could help in making the city healthier through the applications of green roofs, it also shed the light on different applications of green roofs on both scales, urban scale, and buildings' scale. The case of Cairo is suitable for this study, since thousands of buildings do have large roof areas, that are totally accessible, these areas in itself is a an important resource that can be incorporated within the urban fabric, supplying the city with many thousands of square meters of green areas, social spaces and living spaces in a city that vitally still misses a lot of areas with such specifications, networks could be established to link rooftops of some buildings in Cairo, applying green roofs concept may lead to a more healthier city that lacks a lot of green areas.

Usage of Recycled Concrete as Subsoil under Industrial Floor

The current construction trend is the reconstruction or revitalization of damaged, unsuitable or unused building materials or objects. One of such large projects in the Czech Republic currently is the reconstruction of the D1 motorway, where the original cement-concrete cover is being replaced. This bulged material has limited field of use. Further use of this material in the Czech Republic is hampered by the lack of legislative provisions for defining the properties of recycled aggregate produced by pre-treatment of old concrete and, consequently, the experience with the further use of this material. Recommendations for which types of concrete or other silicate composites should be used are stated in legislation. It is possible to use recycled concrete in stacked substrates under base concrete or final concrete layers.

O-09 栃木県の新規木質バイオマス発電所における未利用材調達の可能性

O-09 栃木県の新規木質バイオマス発電所における未利用材調達の可能性

After the Massacres: Nursing Survivors of Partition Violence in Pakistan Punjab Camps

AbstractThis article explores the conditions and treatment of the ordinary refugees—survivors of the 1947 partition violence—in the Pakistan Punjab relief camps, in particular the circumstances of women, children and those who arrived with terrible wounds, yet received at best rudimentary medical assistance when the emergent Pakistan state was still working out its responsibilities in the process of transition. A large number of them succumbed to the epidemics which swept refugee camps. The impact of cholera on the camp population will be addressed in a discussion of the episode in Hanfia School Camp. This created the circumstances for the second major theme of this article—the adoption of children. Little if anything has previously been written about the extent of adoption following partition, or on its mixed motivations and social implications. Finally, the article considers the governmental responses to the camp population and state provision to the orphan refugee children. Much of the previously un-used material in this article is both harrowing in its character and disturbing for sanitised nationalist historiography. It is necessary however to address it in order to provide a full appreciation of the ‘lived experience’ of the partition.

An optimisation approach for finding an optimal pricing in a hybrid manufacturing/remanufacturing system

Hybrid manufacturing/remanufacturing in closed loop manufacturing system (CLMS) has gained considerable attention in industry over past few years due to environmental concern. Remanufacturing of used products basically includes activities like acquisition of used product, reverse logistics, cleaning, inspection, reassembly, disposal of unused material, and remarketing. Determination of selling prices of remanufactured product is also complex and an important decision making area as the profitability of remanufacturing business is significantly dependent on it. Under the above circumstances in this research paper, a profit-maximisation model is developed to optimise selling price of new products and used products using genetic algorithm. OEM (original equipment manufacturer) sells remanufactured products in place of brand new products as there is no quality difference between them and also sells refurbished products and spare parts into secondary market. In this paper a numerical example and sensitivity analysis has been performed.

An optimisation approach for finding an optimal pricing in a hybrid manufacturing/remanufacturing system

Hybrid manufacturing/remanufacturing in closed loop manufacturing system (CLMS) has gained considerable attention in industry over past few years due to environmental concern. Remanufacturing of used products basically includes activities like acquisition of used product, reverse logistics, cleaning, inspection, reassembly, disposal of unused material, and remarketing. Determination of selling prices of remanufactured product is also complex and an important decision making area as the profitability of remanufacturing business is significantly dependent on it. Under the above circumstances in this research paper, a profit-maximisation model is developed to optimise selling price of new products and used products using genetic algorithm. OEM (original equipment manufacturer) sells remanufactured products in place of brand new products as there is no quality difference between them and also sells refurbished products and spare parts into secondary market. In this paper a numerical example and sensitivity analysis has been performed.

RECYCLING ENDEAVOURS AMONG THE P.P.R RESIDENTS IN KUALA LUMPUR: A QUALITATIVE APPROACH

The involvement of households in the recycling activity in the last decade has been perceived as an effective way to reduce the amount of solid wastes in the landfill areas as well as to reuse the materials. The recycling practice among the public is very crucial in order to reduce the problem of overwhelming landfills and energy. The ever-increasing flow of household waste is an enormous environmental problem in many countries. By looking at the tremendous amount of solid wastes, Malaysia needs public participation in solid waste management by recycling the unused materials. Thus, the present study explores predictors that lead households to participate in recycling activities. A qualitative approach is employed in this study where key stakeholders were interviewed in order to get their different perspectives with regard to recycling activities among households. This study is vital as it supplements the information to the existing body of knowledge on households’ recycling activity in Malaysia.

The Effects of Long-Term Operation and High Temperature on Material Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel Type 321H

Changes in mechanical properties of material as a result of service in different conditions can be provided by mechanical testing to assist the estimation of current internal situation of these materials, or the degree of deterioration may exist in furnaces serviced at high temperature and exceed their design life. Because of the rarity works on austenitic stainless steel material type AISI 321H, in this work, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, hardness, and absorbed energy by impact are evaluated based on experimental data obtained from mechanical testing. Samples of tubes are extracted from furnace belong to hydrotreaterunit, also samples from un-used tube material are used to make comparisons between these properties. Tensile properties of stainless steel (AISI 321H) were decreased as temperature increases; the trend of properties decreasing for the samples of un-used tube material is the same for the ex-used material. The trend of stress-strain curve will not change due to elevated temperature exposure for long time of service, except the yield strength will be higher in this diagram. The yield strength increased under these conditions, but the ability of material which is elongated will decrease. Hardness and absorbed energy increased by 11.28 and 14% respectively when the material is aged for long time under effect of high temperature accompanied with creep effect.
 Keywords: Hardness, Impact, Mechanical Properties, Stainless Steel 321H, Mechanical Properties, Tensile Strength, Tube Furnace.

Study of the ultrafiltration rate of a membrane based on polysulfone modified by the OGTAPMDA epoxy resin on colored waters by the indigo and the red cibacrone.

The textile industry is one of the most chemically intensive industries on earth and it is the main polluter of drinking water. This industry generates huge amounts of complex chemical substances in the unused materials including coloring agents in the form of waste waters during the various stages of textile processing. In this work, we prepared the membrane having mechanical properties and improved hydrodynamics. For this task, we modified the polysulfone with synthetic epoxy resin Octaglycidylether tetra-aniline para of methylenedianiline (OGTAPMDA).

‘One of the best men of business we had ever met’: Thomas Drummond, the boundary commission and the 1832 Reform Act

As one of Britain's landmark constitutional reforms, the 1832 Reform Act has attracted considerable historical attention. However, only cursory notice has been paid to the extensive work completed by the 1831–2 boundary commission to reform the nation's parliamentary boundaries. Drawing on previously unused archival material, this article provides the first sustained analysis of the boundary reforms that took place in England's ancient boroughs in 1832, revealing the significance of Thomas Drummond, a previously obscure royal engineer and chair of the English and Welsh boundary commission, to the ‘Great Reform Act’. As well as revealing the wider importance of parliamentary boundaries to the passage of reform by 1832, Drummond and the boundary commission established significant precedents for the expansion of the reformed British state and future parliamentary reform.

Beyond Petliura: the Ukrainian national movement and the 1919 pogroms

ABSTRACTOn the basis of largely unused archival materials in Kyiv, this article re-examines the responsibility of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (UNR) for the pogroms of 1919. It consciously puts aside the question of Symon Petliura’s personal guilt, preferring to concentrate on the broader responsibility of members of the Ukrainian national movement for propagating antisemitic stereotypes and engaging in anti-Jewish violence. This approach reveals a widely held belief among members of the UNR that they were fighting a Jewish Bolshevik enemy. This led to pogroms but also probably prevented the UNR from punishing its soldiers who had perpetrated them. Despite the declarations by UNR figures condemning pogroms and the creation of an organ to investigate them, there were apparently very few, if any, convictions, at least in 1919, the year of the worst pogroms.

Comparing Forest Biomass Utilization Systems from the Perspectives of CO2 Emission Reduction and Effects on Regional Economy: Thermal Utilization and Power Generation Using Unused Materials

Comparing Forest Biomass Utilization Systems from the Perspectives of CO₂ Emission Reduction and Effects on Regional Economy: Thermal Utilization and Power Generation Using Unused Materials

INVESTIGATION OF STRESSES IN TURBINE ENGINE DISC

In this paper, the failure analysis of the air engine's turbine disk has been established in a certain type of aircraft. From the visual examination of the surface of the fracture, the signs of the beach could be inspected, general of fatigue failure. In operating conditions, a non-linear finite element was used to determine the stress position of the disk / blade segment. High stress areaswere found in the area of lower fur-tree slots, where the failure occurred. A calculation was also done at a very rotational pace.The focus of this study is devoted to the mechanism of damage to turbine discs and significant high stress areas.Residual stressesthat after removing the root cause of stress, it remains in solid content. Under residual stress engineering environmental andaircraft load challenges, increasingly important aspects of design and construction of monolithic wind farms are becomingincreasingly important. Residual force does not affect structural performance only during the life cycle of the service, but theyalso affect the quality of the part during manufacturing and assembly. Residual stress can be desirable or undesirable, duringmost of the manufacturing processes related to physical deformation, heat treatment, machining or processing operation, residual stress occurs, which change the size or properties of the material. They have originated from many sources and can be present in unused raw materials produced during production or manufacture by in-service shipment.

Implementasi Makerspace di Perpustakaan Kota Yogyakarta

This article presents about a work produced by a society, which aims to train skills and add creativity. Makerspace is one person's or group's activities in producing a work. Works created new works or can be either recycle materials you have available. Works created new works or can be either recycle materials you have available. The city library is one of the libraries that have leveraged makerspace as regular activity in filling the holiday for children. There were taught how to make unique items made of unused materials and also made paintings that were created together. Enthusiasm of children is very high, they are very happy and enjoy the activities. To that end the need for activities in the library to add makerspace knowledge and hone skills for children. At the same time it is important to add to the attractiveness of the child to come to the library.

The Desperate Diplomat Revisited

This article, an elaboration on The Desperate Diplomat (2016), reexamines Japanese Special Envoy Kurusu Saburo’s mission to the United States before Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, presenting a new “concurring opinion” in support of his innocence. The u.s. government firmly believed that Kurusu had been informed of the impending attack prior to coming to the United States and thus acted as a smoke screen. And so, the myth of the deceitful ambassador was born. Nevertheless, Kurusu insisted that he had no prior knowledge of Japan’s military action. Misunderstanding of his role in the Pearl Harbor attack and harsh remarks about it upset him. Utilizing Kurusu’s unpublished and previously unused materials in both Japanese and English housed in the National Diet Library in Tokyo, records from the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, and The Desperate Diplomat, based on his original memoir, this article helps Kurusu tell his side of the story to initiate scholarly debate on this insufficiently researched diplomat. This reassessment also presents excerpts from Kurusu’s unpublished personal correspondences with E. Stanley Jones, Bernard M. Baruch, and Joseph C. Grew.

Integrated Waste Management System for Resort Town

Waste is an unused raw material or energy source. The Waste Framework Directive requires applying techniques for minimisation of environmental impact throughout the whole product life cycle, including such stages as product manufacturing and waste processing. During the last decade, all EU courtiers have been making every effort to decrease amounts of landfilled waste, applying different waste treatment techniques with the purpose to efficiently use material and energy potential of waste. Feasibility analysis of all alternatives, including environmental impact assessment and economical evaluation, is very important for selection of the best available option(s). Waste management systems of all resort cities differ from other cities, in the first instance, due to the several times higher volume of generated municipal waste per capita and a number of disturbances for implementation of widely applied techniques, including prevention and source separation. Therefore, individual decisions have to be analysed in detail for each resort town. Palanga municipality – the biggest resort centre in Lithuania – was selected as a research object for detailed analysis. The paper presents the results of primary evaluation of the existing waste management system, including quantity and quality analysis of waste flows, and feasibility analysis of the options of source separation of biodegradable waste, including animal by-products from catering, alternatives of centralist processing of municipal waste after source separation and sewage sludge aerobic treatment. The most suitable solutions were suggested to improve environmental performance of the waste management system of Palanga municipality, applying integrated waste management methods. Only 14% of all the waste, generated in this resort will be disposed in a landfill after the implementation of the suggested options. Approximately 85% of biodegradable waste, including green waste from public territories, food waste or animal by-products from catering and sewage sludge will be used for the compost production for our purposes, growing of energetic plants or for composting parks and other public territories in Palanga resort. Certain solutions of the integrated waste management system can be successfully used in other resorts as well.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.72.2.16183

Truth-finding, procedural traditions and cultural trust in the Netherlands and England and Wales

Criminal justice systems in different jurisdictions are based on different accounts as to how facts and truth are to be found. Because these accounts are often linked to procedural traditions they tend to draw normative weight from the past. Thus different criminal justice systems develop their own particular and critical points of trust where fundamental assumptions are made upon which the fact-finding capacity of the system is based. For jurisdictions from the inquisitorial tradition, trust is invested in the active truth-finding judge and the dossier. Thus in the Netherlands, the assumption is that thorough investigation led by an impartial prosecutor, the existence of a complete dossier and the active fact-finding role of the inquisitorial judge at trial preclude the necessity of strong defence rights and guarantee accurate truth-finding. Within the adversarial tradition in England and Wales, along with the jury and cross-examination at trial, the assumption is that, advance prosecution disclosure and independent active investigation by the defence provide a basis for strong defence narrative building and thus something like the equality of arms upon which accurate adversarial fact-finding is thought to depend. But what if the investigation in the Netherlands is neither thorough nor impartial, the dossier is incomplete and/or the judge unwilling to fulfil an active role? And what if the defence in England and Wales in fact lack the capacity or will either to conduct active independent pre-trial investigations or to make sense of the ‘unused materials’ disclosed by the prosecution? At this point, cultural trust in what are seen as systemic strengths can conceal points of weakness that not only render miscarriages of justice more likely but more difficult to identify and redress.

Negotiating needletime: the Musicians’ Union, the BBC and the record companies, c. 1920–1990

This article examines an important, but hitherto largely overlooked, licensing system which operated in the UK between the late 1920s and late 1980s and limited the amount of recorded music that broadcasters could use in radio progammes. Known as ‘needletime’ the system was formalized in the 1930s when the BBC reached a collective agreement with the UK’s record companies – here acting via the copyright licensing society Phonographic Performance Limited (PPL) – about the amount of records that it could play. Drawing on previously unused materials, the article provides a revisionist account of the development of needletime, focusing on the actions of a third party, the Musicians’ Union (MU). As is shown, the MU was able to exercise influence on both camps and thus to have a profound impact on the development of music radio and the wider music industries in the UK. Previous accounts of needletime are critiqued and it is suggested that, while it was accused of operating ‘restrictive practices’, the MU’s role can be seen more as an attempt to ensure that the suitably remunerated employment of musicians was as widespread as possible. Needletime emerges as perhaps the key agreement thus far within the UK’s music industries’ industrial relations.

Electrode Mass Balancing as an Inexpensive and Simple Method to Increase the Capacitance of Electric Double-Layer Capacitors.

Symmetric electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) have equal masses of the same active material in both electrodes. However, having equal electrode masses may prevent the EDLC to have the largest possible specific capacitance if the sizes of the hydrated anions and cations in the electrolyte differ because the electrodes and the electrolyte may not be completely utilized. Here we demonstrate how this issue can be resolved by mass balancing. If the electrode masses are adjusted according to the size of the ions, one can easily increase an EDLC’s specific capacitance. To that end, we performed galvanostatic cycling to measure the capacitances of symmetric EDLCs with different electrode mass ratios using four aqueous electrolytes— Na2SO4, H2SO4, NaOH, and KOH (all with a concentration of 1 M)—and compared these to the theoretical optimal electrode mass ratio that we calculated using the sizes of the hydrated ions. Both the theoretical and experimental values revealed lower-than-1 optimal electrode ratios for all electrolytes except KOH. The largest increase in capacitance was obtained for EDLCs with NaOH as electrolyte. Specifically, we demonstrate an increase of the specific capacitance by 8.6% by adjusting the electrode mass ratio from 1 to 0.86. Our findings demonstrate that electrode mass balancing is a simple and inexpensive method to increase the capacitance of EDLCs. Furthermore, our results imply that one can reduce the amount of unused material in EDLCs and thus decrease their weight, volume and cost.