Untreated Industrial Wastewater Research Articles

Titanium dioxide coated carbon foam as microreactor for improved sunlight driven treatment of cotton dyeing wastewater

Abstract The reckless discharge of untreated industrial wastewater into the environment has caused serious pollution. Sunlight driven degradation with assistance of catalysts is a promising strategy for removing contaminants from water. TiO2 nanoparticles have been successfully immobilized on melamine foam via a biomimetic polydopamine coating strategy followed by a carbonization treatment. The obtained carbonized TiO2 nanoparticles-coated melamine foam inherited the porous structure from pristine melamine foam and had a high loading density of TiO2 nanoparticles on the foam fibrils. The binding interaction between TiO2 nanoparticles and melamine foam was enhanced by carbonization. The carbonized 3D framework of melamine foam improved the thermal stability of TiO2 nanoparticles and prevented TiO2 nanoparticles from aggregation. The carbonized TiO2-coated melamine foam maintained the porous structures of melamine foam and can act as a microreactor for color removal from the dyeing wastewater. The carbonized TiO2-coated melamine foam demonstrated the prominent photocatalytic activity on Rhodamine B degradation, with 16 times higher than the non-carbonized counterpart, with 98% of Rhodamine B removed after 60 min of irradiation. More importantly, the carbonized TiO2-coated melamine foam removed 90% of dyes in the traditional dyeing wastewater after 120 min under simulated sunlight irradiation, which shows 20 times higher photocatalytic performance than TiO2 nanoparticles for treating traditional dyeing wastewater. The remarkable photocatalytic performance of the carbonized TiO2-coated melamine foam is attributed to the combination of both high light absorption of nitrogen doped carbonized foam and the efficient charge carrier separation promoted by the carbon layer, which inhibited the recombination of electron-hole pairs in TiO2. The TiO2-coated carbon foam can be used as a microreactor, which has promising practical applications in clean production and environmental remediation.

Environmental and health impacts of industrial wastewater effluents in Pakistan: a review.

In developing countries, one of the most severe modern-day dilemmas is the management of industrial wastewater. In these countries, industrial wastewater effluents are directly discharged into the natural drain, a sewer system, an internal septic tank or a nearby field. Some of these industrial wastewater effluents are inadequately treated or untreated before being discharged. In recent years, in developing countries, urbanization and industrial activities have led to environmental deterioration. This paper was designed to review the health and environmental impacts of inadequately treated or untreated industrial wastewater effluents in Pakistan. The quality of industrial wastewater effluents is responsible for the degradation of the receiving water bodies. This is due to the reason that inadequately treated or untreated industrial wastewater effluents may cause eutrophication in the receiving water bodies and also form a favorable condition for toxin-producing waterborne pathogens. In order to comply with the wastewater guidelines and legislations, there is a need for proper treatment before discharge. In order to minimize the risk to the environment and public health, there is a need for proper treatment processes for industrial wastewater effluents. To achieve unpolluted discharge of industrial wastewater into the receiving water bodies, regular monitoring, proper and suitable treatment, careful planning and appropriate legislation are recommended.

Heavy metal phytoextraction potential of indigenous tree species of the family fabaceae

Untreated industrial wastewater (IWW) creates a number of problems in ecosystem. This study highlights the possibility of using IWW for forest irrigation. Five tree species were selected for this study, Albizia lebbeck, Bauhinia purpurea, Dalbergia sissoo, Millettia peguensis, and Pongamia pinnata, and these species were grown in pots and were irrigated with different concentrations of IWW, rich in heavy metals. All the species showed positive results for fresh weight, plant height, and stem diameter. The maximum proline content was observed in B. purpurea (6.33), whereas the least quantity was observed in P. pinnata (3.89). Lead uptake (163.801 mg/day) by B. purpurea was promising. Uptake of Cr and Cu was slow in all species. Translocation factor of D. sissoo was maximum, that is 3.37. This study successfully combats wastewater problem. These five species are much tolerant in IWW and can be successfully used for phytoextraction processes. The chromium accumulation in stem is as follows: D. sissoo > A. lebbeck > M. peguensis > P. pinnata > B. purpurea. Metal Bioaccumulation in leaf and root was less. The idea is to utilize IWW to generate urban forests (in eco-friendly and sustainable way), which can reduce multiple problems such as IWW toxicity and air pollution through urban forestry.

Daily variation of heavy metal contamination and its potential sources along the major urban wastewater channel in Kampala, Uganda.

Heavy metal pollution from untreated industrial wastewater has become a major concern to the environment and public health in many rapidly growing cities in low-income countries. Previous studies on heavy metals of urban wastewater systems have focused on long-term (weekly or seasonal) variations, while only few studies investigated short-term (daily) variation to capture potential bulk discharges. To monitor and enforce wastewater discharge regulations and reduce industrial pollution, a better understanding of the short-term variation of these pollutants and industrial discharge practices is needed. The aim of this study is to assess the daily variation of heavy metals and physicochemical parameters along the major urban wastewater system in Kampala, Uganda. Over 1week, daily water samples were collected at 16 locations and analyzed for lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr) and a range of physicochemical parameters. Additionally, 25 key informant interviews with industries were administered to investigate their potential to contaminate the environment. Among 78 water samples, 29 exceeded the national standards for Pb (> 0.1mg/L) and one for Hg (> 0.01mg/L). High daily variation and peak concentrations were detected which are likely due to industries retaining their effluents and discharging them irregularly. Although 24 industries used heavy metals in their manufacturing processes and are likely to discharge heavy metals, only ten industries had a wastewater treatment system in place. Our results show that repeated measurements of heavy metals over short time intervals are needed to capture their high daily variation in an urban wastewater system. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to register industries and to assess their effluent composition in order to select appropriate wastewater management measures.

Adsorption Mechanism of Lead on Wood/Nano-Manganese Oxide Composite

Discharge of untreated industrial wastewater containing heavy metals such as Pb2+ is hazardous to the environment due to their high toxicity. This study reports on the adsorption, desorption, and kinetic study on Pb2+ removal from aqueous solutions using wood/Nano-manganese oxide composite (WB-NMO). The optimum pH, contact time and temperature for adsorption were found to be 5.0, 4 h and 333 K, respectively. Pseudo-second-order kinetics best described the adsorption process with an initial sorption rate of 4.0 mg g min-1, and a half-adsorption time t1/2 of 31.6 min. Best fit for adsorption isotherm was obtained with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 213 mg/g for an initial metal concentration of 60 mg/L. Both intra-particle diffusion and film diffusion contribute to the rate-determining step. Desorption experiments with 0.5 mol/L HCl, inferred the reusability of the composite. Adsorption experiment of Pb2+ from industrial wastewater confirmed that the prepared WB-NMO is a promising candidate for wastewater treatment. The WB-NMO demonstrated high Pb2+ removal efficiency and is considered as a promising alternative and reusable composite for lead removal from contaminated effluents.

Evaluating the role of particle size on urban environmental geochemistry of metals in surface sediments

In this study, non-destructive techniques (X-ray Diffraction, Infrared and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive spectroscopies) and invasive procedures (pseudo-total and sequential metal extraction methodologies) were used to highlight the significance of evaluating different particle sizes of sediments for assessing the potential environmental and health implications of metal geochemistry in an urban ecosystem.The variability in composition and properties between bulk (<2 mm) and fine (<63 μm) fractions influenced the availability, and by extension, the toxicity of metals. Indeed, the fine fraction presented not only higher metal pseudo-contents, but also greater available metal percentages. Besides the larger surface area per unit of mass and the high content of clay minerals, it was observed that it was principally Fe/Mn oxyhydroxides that favour adsorption of metals on the fine surface sediments. However, although we demonstrated that the origin of metals in the bulk surface sediments was predominantly lithogenic, use of the <2 mm fraction proved to be a useful tool for identifying different sources of available metals throughout the Deba River catchment. Specifically, discharges of untreated industrial and urban wastewaters, and even effluents from wastewater treatment plants were considered to greatly increase the health risk associated with metal availability. Finally, an evaluation of sediment dynamics in different hydrological conditions has highlighted the role played by each particle size as a vector of metal transport towards the coastal area. While resuspension of fine surface sediments notably induced significantly higher particulate metal concentrations in water during the dry season, resuspension of bulk surface sediments and, fundamentally, downstream transport of suspended particulate matter became more relevant and lowered the ecological risk during the wet season. Greater attention therefore needs to be paid to the new hydrological scenarios forecast to result from climate change, in which longer seasons with low river discharges are forecast.

Synthesis of S-ligand tethered cellulose nanofibers for efficient removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from synthetic and industrial wastewater

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) tethered with sulphur as anionic ligand were synthesized from medical absorbent cotton by dissolution with NaOH, CO(NH2)₂ followed by mechanical intrusion of sulphur from SC(NH₂)₂ at an elevated temperature. The solid-phase CNFs embedded with sulphur complexes possessed negative sites which were used to remove cationic metals viz., Pb(II) and Cd(II) from synthetic and industrial wastewater. The physicochemical properties of the CNFs were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pH at point of zero charge (pHpzc) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Batch adsorption studies were conducted with synthetic wastewater to optimize the conditions for Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal by CNFs. Different adsorption kinetic models were applied to assess and define the adsorption mechanism. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity was found to be 1.16 and 0.82 mmol g−1 for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions, respectively. Regeneration studies showed that the CNFs can be reused using 0.1 M NaOH as eluent. The percentage removal efficiency of different cationic metals by CNFs from untreated industrial wastewater ranged from ca. 90–98%.

WASTEWATER IRRIGATION, ITS IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT IN PERI URBAN AREAS OF PUNJAB PAKISTAN – A REVIEW

Due to water scarcity issues in developing countries, wastewater irrigation has become a viable common practice in majority of the agricultural areas of Pakistan. It has been widely claimed that the use of wastewater for irrigation purpose not only helps in addressing the issues of water scarcity but fulfills the nutritional requirements for the cultivation as well. But the municipal wastewater in urban and peri urban areas of Punjab are carrying excessive pollution loads of untreated industrial wastewater, which is becoming a source of subsurface contamination as well as health hazard, due to carriage of toxic chemicals and heavy metals through the drains, being released from the industries. Industrial areas have equally been spread out all over the province of Punjab, thus the issue of irrigation by using untreated wastewater exists in all the regions of the Punjab. This research work reviews the findings of impact of different significant parameters on soil and groundwater and the uptake of these parameters by the plants and vegetations, along with assessing the health risk of these contaminants on humans after consumption. Based on the review, frame work for the application of municipal wastewater for irrigation purpose in the peri urban areas of Punjab has also been recommended.

Application of a multivariate analysis method for non-target screening detection of persistent transformation products during the cork boiling wastewater treatment

Cork boiling wastewater is a very complex mixture of naturally occurring compounds leached and partially oxidized during the boiling cycles. The effluent generated is recalcitrant and could cause a significant environmental impact. Moreover, if this untreated industrial wastewater enters a municipal wastewater treatment plant it could hamper or reduce the efficiency of most activated sludge degradation processes. Despite the efforts to treat the cork boiling wastewater for reusing purposes, is still not well-known how safe these compounds (original compounds and oxidation by-products) will be. The purpose of this work was to apply an HPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry method and subsequent non-target screening using a multivariate analysis method (PCA), to explore relationships between samples (treatments) and spectral features (masses or compounds) that could indicate changes in formation, degradation or polarity, during coagulation/flocculation (C/F) and photo-Fenton (PhF). Although, most of the signal intensities were reduced after the treatment line, 16 and 4 new peaks were detected to be formed after C/F and PhF processes respectively. The use of this non-target approach showed to be an effective strategy to explore, classify and detect transformation products during the treatment of an unknown complex mixture.

Heavy metal accumulation by Corchorus olitorius L. irrigated with wastewater.

Many agricultural soils in Egypt irrigated with untreated wastewater. Herein, we investigated the effect of untreated industrial wastewater irrigation on the soil and fodder plant Corchorus olittorius (Jew mallow). It also aimed to assess its effect on the growth measurements as well as analyses of soils, irrigation waters, and plants for heavy metal and nutrient concentrations. Significant differences between irrigation waters and soil irrigated with fresh and wastewater were recognized. Wastewater irrigation leads to remarkable reduction in the growth parameters and reduced its vegetative biomass. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn were high significant and above phytotoxic concentrations in leaves (edible part) and roots of wastewater-irrigated plant. The present study indicated that Jew mallow plant tends to phytostabilize (Cd, Ni, and Mn) in its root and had the ability to translocate (Pb, Cu, Cr, Fe, and Zn) to its leaves. Higher concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn in the roots than leaves indicate that the roots are hyper-accumulators for Pb, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn more than the leaves. The research study recommended that there is a need to protect the soil from contamination through regular monitoring and not to cultivate Jew mallow in wastewater-irrigated soil and that it had a high capacity to accumulate heavy metals in its edible part and causes several harmful health effects for consumers.

Metal contamination in cultivated vegetables and soil receiving untreated industrial wastewater

Metal contamination in cultivated vegetables and soil receiving untreated industrial wastewater

Використання ароматичних сполук бактеріями. І. Аеробна й анаеробна деструкція

This review summarizes current information on the extent of environmental pollution by xenobiotics of aromatic nature, and their toxic effects on living organisms. Phenols, monocyclic (benzene, toluene, xylene etc) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, biphenуls, pyrene, benzpyrene, pyridine etc.) are the most dangerous pollutant aromatic compounds. A variety of microorganisms capable to destroy the aromatic compounds is described. The biodegradation of aromatic pollutants is carried out by denitrifying, sulfate-reducing, photosynthetic, fermentation, iron-reducing, acetogenic bacteria and methanogens. The paper analyzes and generalizes the ways of decomposition of compounds of aromatic nature under bacterial aerobic and anaerobic conditions, describes the peripheral ways of oxidation of aromatic compounds and their regulation, examines the ability of microorganisms to use substituents in the benzene ring as a source of carbon and nitrogen. The processes of aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of aromatic compounds have common particularities, that are the key intermediates formation. These intermediates are involved into the central metabolism of the cell due to the activity of metabolic pathways of various groups of microorganisms. Under the aerobic conditions, the rupture of benzene ring can occur between two successively connected carbon atoms carrying hydroxyl groups ( ortho -cleavage), or on other C-C bonds of the nucleus in meta -position ( meta -clea­vage). The central metabolic pathways provide a formation of intermediate compounds of the Krebs cycle. Benzoyl-CoA is a central intermediate of decomposition of aromatic xenobiotics under anaerobic conditions. In this review, different variants of benzoyl-CoA pathway for the degradation of aromatic compounds by bacteria are considered. Due to the destruction of aromatic compounds by various microorganisms, a large number of intermediate metabolites are formed. They are further degraded by bacteria of various ecological trophic groups. At the result, complete decomposition of the aromatic compounds occurs. The ability of microorganisms to decompose xenobiotics enables sol­ving a number of environmental problems associated with both the use of chemical pesticides and the discharge of untreated industrial wastewater.

Evaluation of genotoxic potential in the Velika Morava River Basin in vitro and in situ

The Velika Morava River is the greatest national Serbian river and the significant tributary of the Danube River. The major problems in the Velika Morava River Basin (VMRB) represent untreated industrial and municipal wastewaters. In this study, the level of genotoxic potential at the sites along the VMRB was evaluated by parallel in vitro and in situ approach. Within in vitro testing, genotoxicity of native water samples collected from the sites in VMRB was evaluated by SOS/umuC test on Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 and by the comet assay on HepG2 cells. DNA damage in situ was assessed in bleak (Alburnus alburnus) erythrocytes by the comet (alkaline and Fpg-modified comet) and micronucleus assays. Additionally, the concentration of heavy metals in fish tissue was measured and this data, compiled with the data of the physico-chemical parameters measured in water, was used as a measure of the pollution pressure at the sites.Results showed that applied in vitro tests with native water samples are less sensitive in comparison with in situ tests and should be taken with precaution when making predictions on the status of the ecosystem. Within applied battery of in situ assays differential sensitivity of assays was observed where alkaline comet assay showed the highest potential in differentiation of the sites based on genotoxic potential. Integrated biomarker response showed that usage of the battery of bioassays provides better insight in a genotoxic effects in animals, and consequently, that the holistic approach is more suitable for this type of study.

Multidimensional Analysis of Water Poverty and Subjective Well-Being: A Case Study on Local Household Variation in Faisalabad, Pakistan

Water poverty is difficult to evaluate because it is multidimensional. It is determined not only by the availability of water sources but also whether communities have adequate access to clean, uncontaminated water. It is also dependent on the resource needs of those using the water. Under the premise that water scarcity is multidimensional, we use a Water Poverty Index approach using Principal Component Analysis to develop an index at the household level in 10 villages in one large farming community to examine each household’s subjective view of well being as a result of water poverty. This paper reviews how water resources endowments and depletion because of indiscriminate disposal of untreated industrial wastewater, household sewage and climate change are posing serious threats to water poverty at the household level in developing agrarian economies like Pakistan. We report from our results that both the perceived level of pollution and the proximity to clean and polluted water sources matter significantly for subjective well-being in rural households of Pakistan. The villages closer to polluted water sources are unhappier while the villages, which have better access to fresh water, have relatively higher subjective well-being. A strong implementation of environmental protection measures and regional strategies are suggested to alleviate water poverty and increase subjective well-being in local communities.

Metal Contamination in Cultivated Vegetables and Agricultural Soils Irrigated with Untreated Industrial Wastewater

Metal Contamination in Cultivated Vegetables and Agricultural Soils Irrigated with Untreated Industrial Wastewater

Decentralized wastewater treatment systems: Efficiency and its estimated impact against onsite natural water pollution status. A Romanian case study

Abstract The paper proposes discussions of some concrete datasets resulted for three solutions of wastewaters management systems applied in case of a Romanian petroleum chemical company. These management options, differing especially in type (centralized or decentralized system) and wastewaters treatment system, were emphasized, mainly by real datasets on treatment performance, polluting species removals, risk of some residuals in treated effluents and natural watercourse nearby, but also environmental impact assessment, using the alternative methodology of global pollution index (I*GP). Interpreting datasets based on in-time analyzed physical-chemical quality indicators and river characteristics, it was estimated the standard quality classification of receiving watercourse as ‘medium’ (water quality indices, WQI = 55.58 − 67.47), affected more or less by treated effluents discharged in it. The environmental risks of some selected residuals in treated effluents and natural aquatic receptor were assessed by the risk quotient (RQ) which appreciated the risk of residuals toward aquatic life as no to low-medium level, with few exceptions. The impact assessment results conclude an admissible pollution status of natural water receptor due to company wastewaters mechanical–chemical–biological treatment plant activities, in decentralized (I*GP = 1.73) and centralized (I*GP = 1.83) system, but generating discomfort effects to aquatic life due to only mechanical–chemical treatment plant operating in decentralized system (I*GP = 2.205). Direct discharge of un-treated industrial wastewaters had been interdicted. These real results underline that decentralized systems are reliable, qualitatively efficient and costly effective, offering long-term solution, and that all wastewaters management strategies of petroleum chemical company had been adapted to specific on-site functioning situations.

Efficacy of microalgae for industrial wastewater treatment: a review on operating conditions, treatment efficiency and biomass productivity

Sustainable, clean, renewable energy without negotiating contiguous environment is a challenging task mainly comprises of natural resource management which involves operational efficiency, waste minimisation and energy recovery. Disposal of untreated industrial wastewater with chemical nutrients especially compounds containing nitrogen and phosphorous lead to eutrophication and related environmental issues that affect the recycling processes of bio system. Biotransformation of pollutants using microalgae has proven to be proficient and economic method of wastewater treatment due to their adaptability of growing in various wastewater streams and also useful in the process of CO2 fixation. Moreover this technology has the competence of producing bio fuels as an alternative energy resource in the form of bio diesel, bio ethanol and biogas. In this review paper, the applicability of microalgae cultivation in industrial wastewater treatment has been discussed extensively including the processes involved, influencing operational parameters such as study mode, cultivation mode and time, method of aeration, pH and intensity of light. Further, the cultivation methods, harvesting techniques involved in the treatment process have been presented. In addition, the analysis on removal efficiency of algal treatment, biomass productivity and lipid content of the cultivated biomass has been discussed widely which possibly will be helpful in adopting the process integration in industrial wastewater treatment with bio energy production.

PPCPs in Jiulong River estuary (China): Spatiotemporal distributions, fate, and their use as chemical markers of wastewater

The occurrence and fate of 50 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were investigated in the surface water of Jiulong River estuary in the southeast of China in spring, wet season, summer, autumn and winter. Results demonstrated a wide distribution of PPCPs in Jiulong River estuary, where 34 PPCPs were detected at least once and 5 PPCPs were detected in all the samples, including caffeine, diclofenac, metoprolol, methyl paraben, and propyl paraben. Spatial and seasonal variations were observed. Special emphasis was placed on the PPCP fate in the estuary. Most PPCPs showed a non-conservative behavior in the estuary, while the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and bisphenol A showed a pseudo-conservative behavior. The non-conservative and pseudo-conservative behavior was attributed to the combination of the seawater dilution, the introduction of PPCPs via the sewage water, and the physical, chemical, or biological removal processes. Furthermore, PPCP concentrations showed drastic variations in the turbidity maximum zones. To our best knowledge, this is the first work to indicate the pseudo-conservative behavior of PPCPs in the estuary, and to show the drastic variations of PPCPs in the turbidity maximum zone. In addition, the ratio of labile to conservative PPCPs was calculated to track the source of untreated sewage contamination. Results showed a significantly higher ratio compared to the average value in WWTP effluents, indicating the ubiquitous discharge of untreated domestic wastewater in Jiulong River estuary. In addition, the high ratio of bisphenol A to conservative PPCPs implied the potential input of untreated industrial wastewater in Jiulong River estuary.

Anthropogenic changes in the fluxes to estuaries: Wastewater discharges compared with river loads in small rias

The modification of chemical inputs into estuaries/rias by wastewater discharges is poorly documented. Concentrations and fluxes of nutrient salts, organic matter and trace metals in rivers and wastewaters to the mesotrophic Rias of Ortigueira (38 km2) and Viveiro (27 km2), located on the western Cantabrian coast (Bay of Biscay), were evaluated to assess changes in the land-sea fluxes. Water was sampled monthly during a year in the Mera (6.0 m3 s−1) and Landro (9.4 m3 s−1) rivers flowing into the Rias of Ortigueira and Viveiro, respectively. The urban effluents of Ortigueira (1800 inhabitants; treated sewage) and the Viveiro (7100 inhabitants; municipal treated sewage and untreated industrial wastewaters) were also monitored. Concentrations of chemical compounds and their fluxes were quite similar and close to pristine conditions in both rivers. Nitrate (98% of DIN), the limiting nutrient of ria primary production, was controlled by river flow while phosphate by wastewater discharge. Sewage discharges should not disturb the Ria of Ortigueira. Wastewaters fluxes of phosphate, POC, PON, dissolved Cu and particulate Cd, Cu and Zn into the Ria of Viveiro exceeded those of the Landro River, mainly during summer. Also, untreated wastewater effluents from fish food processing in such small fishing ports can be a source of contamination. The Rias of Ortigueira and Vivieiro are a reference point to evaluate fluvial pristine conditions and wastewater discharges on small estuary-ria receptor systems.

Spectrophotometric analyses of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in water

A simple and accurate spectrophotometric method for on-site analysis of royal demolition explosive (RDX) in water samples was developed based on the Berthelot reaction. The sensitivity and accuracy of an existing spectrophotometric method was improved by: replacing toxic chemicals with more stable and safer reagents; optimizing the reagent dose and reaction time; improving color stability; and eliminating the interference from inorganic nitrogen compounds in water samples. Cation and anion exchange resin cartridges were developed and used for sample pretreatment to eliminate the effect of ammonia and nitrate on RDX analyses. The detection limit of the method was determined to be 100μg/L. The method was used successfully for analysis of RDX in untreated industrial wastewater samples. It can be used for on-site monitoring of RDX in wastewater for early detection of chemical spills and failure of wastewater treatment systems.