Unsuccessful Participation Research Articles

Различия между заданиями регионального и заключительного этапов всероссийской олимпиады школьников по английскому языку

The issues of preparation for the All-Russian Olympiad of schoolchildren in English are relevant in the light of the increased interest in this intellectual competition from students. The state policy in the field of the development of giftedness encourages higher educational institutions to accept Olympiad winners without entrance tests, which also raises the prestige of the competition. In our article, we analyze the differences between the sets of regional and final stages of the 2020-21 school year, highlight the main differences and offer certain recommendations for preparation. A number of tasks are integrated, which increases their complexity and causes problems when solving them. At the Olympiad, listening and reading, a lexico-grammatical test and reading are integrated. The article analyzes scientific research on the topic, including the method of content analysis of the tasks. We are also studying official documents of the Central Subject-Methodological Commission, including methodological recommendations and protocols of the regional and final stages of the 2020-21 academic year. We emphasize the importance of developing creative thinking skills for the successful solution of complex logical tasks that are offered to students at Olympiad. The article identifies universal competencies, the development and formation of which allows developing the creative abilities of schoolchildren. We analyze our empirical experience in preparing Moscow schoolchildren as part of working with the Moscow city team from 2017 to 2021, including identifying the reasons for the unsuccessful participation of individual students. Our recommendations can be used to design educational courses in different regions of the country.

On the Role and Place of Perestroika in the Cycle of Russian — Soviet Reforms in XX Century: A Political Aspect

The article analyzes the reforms of the political system of Russia, starting with the revolution of 1905 and ending with the reforms of Boris Yeltsin in the 90s of the twentieth century. The author shows t that the political model that had developed in tsarist Russia by the beginning of the last century did not meet the needs and realities of that time and did not allow the country to develop dynamically. The inconsistency of the reforms proposed by Nicholas II, against the background of Russia’s unsuccessful participation in the First World War, led the country in 1917, first to the February and then the October revolutions, which ended the monarchy, proclaimed a republic, first bourgeois, and then Soviet. But even these reforms did not allow us to abandon the authoritarian form of government that reigned in the Soviet Union for more than 70 years. The reform initiatives of the 60s by N. Khrushchev and A. Kosygin, aimed at softening the current political and economic regime, also had little success. The most decisive attempt to transform this regime towards its greater effectiveness and sustainability were the reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev, known as “perestroika”. They assumed a radical transformation of the existing political and economic slowness by giving it real competitiveness, more active involvement of citizens in public and business activity, rejection of the ideological and political monopolism of the Communist Party. But the initiators of perestroika failed to implement all these ideas in a short five-year period. Many of their ideas were embodied in the reforms of Boris Yeltsin, the results of which were enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993. But their practical implementation in the last decade of the twentieth century showed that so far Russia has not been able to completely abandon the ideas and principles of political monopolism, which do not allow the people to put into practice their socio-economic potential and ensure the country’s sustainable and progressive development.

PRACTICE OF IRVING JOHN GILL MODERNISM

The article is devoted to the work of Irving John Gill during his heyday, and then in conditions when the principles of modernism discovered by him, due to the lack of society’s need for new architecture in the United States, were not needed in this country - from 1909 until his death in 1936. New technologies used by Gill in the construction of public and residential buildings from concrete are described as well as his unsuccessful participation in the Panama-California World Exhibition of 1915-191, the construction near Los Angeles of the “ideal” city of Torrance and end-of-life projects. The reasons why Gill did not become the leader of the American and one of the leaders of world architecture are discussed, and his work is still controversial.

Dental Visits for Autistic Children: A Qualitative Focus Group Study of Parental Perceptions.

Patient groups who pose behavioral challenges during dental attendance may be offered more restricted dental treatment options. Unsuccessful participation with dental visit tasks and demands has been commonly reported for autistic children. This study aimed to examine parental perceptions of difficulties associated with dental attendance and oral care for autistic children and young adults, to highlight reported challenges and potential adaptations, and to identify interventions that will encourage positive experiences of dental attendance. Qualitative data were gathered through 2 focus groups with parents of primary school and secondary school pupils with autism, interviewed in separate groups. Questions about parents' perceptions of dental attendance and oral care were asked. The groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analyzed and initial codes generated. Development of subthemes and themes followed a process of thematic analysis. Parental perceptions, which confirmed data from other studies, included the need for understanding and training, awareness of sensory issues, recognition of the individuality of autistic traits, time and clarity for communication, and factors affecting the confidence of parents to advocate in the clinical environment. Focus group participants identified the critical value of empathizing with an autistic perspective and highlighted the importance of positive oral health messages. They also noted the lack of understanding regarding the complexity of altering self-imposed, ritualistic dietary regimes and attempting to enact good dental preventive habits for their children. Analysis of data from parent focus groups provided a greater understanding of the needs and responsivity required for successful dental visits for autistic children and young adults. A range of potential interventions was identified and incorporated within a model of needs. Interventions based on Partnership Working, System Change, and Training of Dental Staff could be effective in reducing challenges posed by dental attendance for many children with autism. Sensory sensitivities, communication difficulties, comorbid intellectual disability, and dental anxiety are barriers to successful participation during dental attendance for autistic children. This research proposes that interventions supporting Partnership Working, System Change, and Training of Dental Staff can reduce challenges posed by dental attendance. The model of interventions developed as part of this project can be used by oral care teams to help reduce barriers and improve the success of dental visits for autistic children.

Huang Pilie and the Rituals of Book Collecting during an Age of Prosperity

Abstract Apart from a number of brief visits to the capital required of him by his (unsuccessful) participation in the civil service examinations, the Suzhou bibliophile Huang Pilie 黃丕烈 (1765-1825) journeyed almost nowhere. Instead, books made their way to him, in great numbers. Huang devoted more than thirty years of his life to the acquisition, copying, and collating of ancient editions. He was one of the most important book collectors of what has been regarded as the golden age of private book collecting in China, the half-century covering the late years of the reign of the Qianlong emperor (1711-1799; r. 1736-1795) and the entire reign of the Jiaqing emperor (1760-1820; r. 1796-1820), an ‘Age of Prosperity’ (shengshi 盛世). For almost a decade between 1801 and 1811, this library owner, editor, bibliographer, publisher, and, in his final year, (again, somewhat unsuccessfully) bookseller, who styled himself as the Master besotted with imprints of the Song dynasty (Ning Song zhuren 佞宋主人) and was the owner of the famous Hundred Song Imprints in a Single Shed (Bai Song yichan 百宋一廛), also conducted a book ritual (ji shu 祭書) of his own devising whereby, every New Year’s Eve, he would lay out before a select number of guests his best acquisitions of the preceding year and undertake rituals more usually associated with ancestor worship. My paper discusses aspects of Huang Pilie’s life and work as a book collector with reference particularly to the 800 or so extant colophons he wrote for books either in his own collection or in those of his acquaintances.

Transforming Benevolence

Kang Youwei 康有為 (1858–1927) is certainly not a minor figure in Chinese modern history. Best known for his unsuccessful participation in the Hundred Days Reforms of 1898, he was the last interpreter of the New Text School of Classicism – a progressive interpretation of the Confucian Canon, which praised political participation and institutional transformations. Kang’s adherence to this philosophical view and his subsequent personal elaboration of Classicism, is already visible in the lectures he gave to his students in Guangdong from 1891 to 1896, published in 1897 as the Wanmu caotang koushuo萬木草堂口說 (Instructions from the Hall of the Thousand Tree Cottage) and the Nanhaishi chengji 南海师承记 (Records of Master Nanhai’s Lessons). This article sets out to analyse one of Kang’s lessons from the second collection: Lecture on “Ren” 講仁字, in which the author provides the students with his own view of the Confucian value of “benevolence.” In his interpretation, ren 仁 becomes a form of universal empathy rather than the “old” value of traditional orthodoxy. This short text will be used as the departure point for a reflection on the formative process of the author’s thought, following its philosophical hints in order to address two issues in particular: first, the origins of Kang’s “reformism” and “progressivism” (underlying his subsequent political activism and finally flowing into the utopianism of the Book of Great Concord), which may appear to be more rooted in a long-standing debate among Chinese Classicists than in the abrupt awakening caused by foreign influences; second, the presence of a pervading Buddhist undertone throughout Kang’s production, and its apparent contrast with his “Confucianist” intellectual endeavour.

Sexuality and Spinal Cord Injury: The Lived Experiences of Intimate Partners.

Although sexuality is an integral aspect of the human experience, individuals who sustain a spinal cord injury (SCI) often receive inadequate education to facilitate successful participation in sexual activities. Intimate partners are often not included in discussions related to sexuality during the rehabilitative process. The purpose of this study was to identify the lived experiences of intimate partners of individuals with SCI related to sexuality. Four intimate partners were selected to participate in semistructured interviews related to their lived experiences of sexuality. Participants identified aspects of SCI, extreme discomfort due to self-perceived sexual norms, and a lack of education as contributors to unsuccessful participation in sexual activity. Coupled sexual activity is a complex phenomenon which includes factors that influence both the injured individuals as well as their intimate partners. To provide effective interventions in addressing sexuality, practitioners should consider the entire issue, the couple.

Genuine Participation in Design Practice: Towards a Possible Metric

AbstractWhat is genuine participation in the context of design practice? Genuine participation is often considered the missing element that differentiates a successful participation project from an unsuccessful participation project. But what, exactly, does genuine mean and, more importantly for research purposes, how can the ‘genuineness’ of participation be measured? The present study is a first step to explore a possible metric for genuine participation. To begin, a questionnaire developed from six key topics of focus within participatory design research was created and administered to university design students. The results, analysed by a principal component analysis, yielded statistically reliable, strong, and otherwise clear and coherent patterns. These patterns were then qualitatively interpreted. The results indicated that intrinsic motivation, participation self‐efficacy and positive group affect can serve as reliable metrics for measuring the quality of the participation experience. It is proposed that future research into genuine participation consider the impact of these three variables.

Virtually unknown: teacher engagement in an online conference

For several teacher associations, webinars and online conferences are an increasingly important mode of communication in a wide range of educational contexts. Yet, despite this growing popularity, relatively little is currently known about their inherent usefulness, what counts as successful participation, or how webinar sessions might best be shaped to support teacher development. Our study aims to address this gap in existing knowledge by examining data gathered from a web conference hosted by the International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language over two days in October 2014. We ask what constitutes webinar discourse, what counts as successful and unsuccessful participation, and how the format might be refined in order to maximize successful participation in future online events. Furthermore, it evaluates participants’ general satisfaction with the online event. Our study combines discourse analysis of participant contributions with the analysis of questionnaire data gathered from participants. In this way, the study focuses on the turn-by-turn management of webinar discourse, while also taking into account participants’ own evaluations.

Offensive and defensive team performance: relation to successful and unsuccessful participation in the 2010 Soccer World Cup

Delgado-Bordonau, J.L., Domenech-Monforte, C., Guzman, J.F. & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2013). Offensive and defensive team performance: relation to successful and unsuccessful participation in the 2010 Soccer World Cup. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 8(4), pp.894-904. The present study was conducted to analyze the impact of selected offensive and defensive performance indicators in relation to teams’ success in the 2010 soccer World Cup. The sample used corresponded to 54 matches played in both the group and knockout stage. The game-related statistics gathered were: total shots, shots on goal, shots off goal, % of shots on goal from total shots, % of shots off goal from total shots, offensive and defensive effectiveness 1 (goals /total shots), and offensive and defensive effectiveness 2 (goals/shots on goal). In addition, the first’s goal influence in the match’s outcome (for the team scoring the goal: win, draw, lose) was also investigated. The results showed that, during the group stage, successful teams had better values (P <0.05) in all offensive and defensive performance indicators, with the exception of shots off goal for and shots off goal against, respectively, than unsuccessful teams. In the knockout stage, successful teams were able to maintain the same offensive performance that in the group stage while most defensive performance indicators, with the exception of shots off goal against (P=0.80), tended (P<0.2) to worsen. During the group stage, the team scoring the first goal had 66.7% of victories, 4.2% of defeats and 29.2% of draws (P<0.001). In the knockout stage, the first goal effect had a stronger influence in game’s outcome than in the group stage (P<0.01) since in 81.3% of the cases the team scoring first won the match, versus 6.3% of defeats and 12.5% of draws. Thus, offensive variables related to shots on goal and goal effectiveness appear to be better indicators of team’s success in the last World Cup than defensive variables. This information has directly implications for coaches, providing relevant feedback to plan finishing (goal scoring) practices. Key words: SOCCER, GAME-RELATED STATISTICS, SCORING EFFECTIVENESS, FIRST GOAL EFFECT, MATCH ANALYSIS.

Self-efficacy and motivation to quit during participation in a smoking cessation program

The associations between failure to quit and posttreatment self-efficacy and motivation were examined among 600 African American smokers enrolled in a randomized trial testing the efficacy of bupropion for smoking cessation. Participants also received brief motivational counseling and were followed for 6 months. Baseline levels of self-efficacy and motivation for all participants were high (8.2 and 8.5 on a 10-point scale, respectively). Longitudinal analyses indicated that smokers who failed to quit were less likely than quitters to report high self-efficacy and motivation from posttreatment to follow-up. However, examination of mean self-efficacy and motivation scores at posttreatment and follow-up revealed that smokers continued to sustain high self-efficacy and motivation. Mean self-efficacy and motivation scores differed by less than 1 point from baseline levels, even though the majority of participants failed to quit smoking. Results suggest that unsuccessful participation in a smoking cessation program does not meaningfully reduce smokers' self-efficacy and motivation to quit.

Regulatory aspects of proficiency testing: experience from the water sector

Proficiency tests in the regulated sector have requirements different from other areas. Repeated unsuccessful participation can lead to the economic ruin of a laboratory. This is illustrated at the water analyses sector in Germany as an example. Collusion and falsification have to be avoided. A special and uniform evaluation technique is necessary that includes the possibility of a common evaluation of different concentration levels and considers the skewed distribution of data. A suitable approach is published in a new German DIN standard (DIN 38402-45). The assessment of the values and the laboratories as a whole also needs special attention. A concept to do this with as few injustices as possible was developed in an inter-state working group in Germany.

Association between the Engagement of Relatives in a Behavioural Group Intervention for Smoking Cessation and Higher Quit Rates at 6-, 12- and 24-Month Follow-Ups

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a behavioural group intervention for smoking cessation, which included as its most original feature the recommendation to participate with a relative or close friend. Methods: A total of 1,060 subjects entered the programme, which consisted of 9 group sessions over a period of 5 weeks. The intervention consisted of a modified version of the Five-Day Plan, the main differences being the use of behavioural therapy techniques and small group work, and the addition of 4 weekly booster sessions. About two thirds of the participants came with a relative or close friend. Long-term abstinence from smoking was assessed with follow-up telephone interviews. Results: Very few subjects were lost to follow-ups (9.2% at 6 months, 9.7% at 1 year, 10.8% at 2 years). The observed quit rates were 42.6% at 6 months, 35.5% at 1 year and 32% at 2 years. When considering as smokers all subjects who were lost to follow-ups, quit rates were also satisfactory (38.7% at 6 months, 32.1% at 1 year and 28.6% at 2 years). The main predictors of a good outcome were being male, smoking less than 20 cigarettes per day, having started smoking after 18 years of age, having made previous quitting attempts, not having a history of unsuccessful participation to smoking cessation interventions and attending the sessions with a relative or close friend. Discussion: Although some limitations inherent in the design of our study suggest caution in interpreting the results and in making comparisons, the long-term effectiveness of the intervention was satisfactory. The inclusion of a relative or close friend appeared useful. This simple and inexpensive strategy may deserve recommendation, though in the future it should be tested in controlled trials.

Picking Publics Properly: An Artful Science

Choosing appropriate publics in the life cycle of an issue is a critical component for a successful public involvement program. The research presented provides an exploratory analysis of 15 public involvement experts’ experiences, attitudes, and beliefs about this critical process. What factors do experts consider when choosing publics for participation in management decisions? What characteristics of the public and outside influences should be considered? How do experts determine a public’s type and level of involvement? How do experts determine what stage an issue reached in its life cycle? Do these concepts, if not addressed properly during the decision process, lead to unsuccessful public participation programs? Four generalizations were developed from this exploratory analysis: ( a) experts attempt to be as inclusive as possible when choosing publics based on a public’s perceived salience and interest in an issue and group composition; ( b) issue development directly affects how experts choose publics for public involvement processes; ( c) issue development occurs through various communication methods driven by affected values and beliefs; and ( d) improper choices of publics for public involvement processes can lead to failure. A public involvement model is proposed that illustrates the effects of issue development and level of involvement on these processes. Management implications include a necessity to understand how the issue is developing; which underlying affected values and beliefs are driving current communication activities; and the various publics’ perspectives regarding their level of involvement and preferred participation level.