Unsatisfactory Sanitary Conditions Research Articles

Factors Influencing Open-air Defecation in Tribal Villages of Dhamni and Dhodani in Raigad District of Maharashtra: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Background and Objectives: The burden of poor sanitation, particularly in India, is exacerbated by challenges in infrastructure and education. Previous studies reveal unsatisfactory sanitary conditions, the association between low standard of living and open defecation, the need for collective effort, the positive impact of improved sanitation on child height, and factors hindering latrine adoption. This study aimed to identify factors influencing open-air defecation in tribal villages of Dhamni and Dhodani in the Raigad district of Maharashtra, India. Subjects and Methods: Data were collected through a door-to-door survey using a pretested questionnaire from December 2019 to February 2020, covering sociodemographic information, personal and family history, and environmental factors. Out of 130 willing participants, 112 were included in the final analysis. Descriptive statistics, including percentages, means, and standard deviations, were used to analyze the data. The Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Results: The study found that a significant majority of the subjects (75%) engaged in open field defecation (OFD), whereas a smaller proportion used household latrines (25%). Among those practicing OFD, a considerable portion (46%) defecated in agricultural fields, and a notable percentage (27%) preferred defecating near water sources. Conclusion: The study revealed unsatisfactory sanitary conditions in the research area. It was observed that rural areas with higher levels of literacy exhibited a lower prevalence of OFD and higher rates of sanitary latrine utilization.

New generation antiseptics and disinfectants for the prevention and treatment of diseases in animals

The main etiological factors for the occurrence of limb diseases in cows were unsatisfactory sanitary and hygienic conditions. At the same time, the incidence of cows with mastitis was 22.8-28.6%. Antiseptics and disinfectants used for the treatment and prevention of such diseases are not effective enough. The purpose of this work was to identify the role and effectiveness of antiseptics and disinfectants of a new generation in the conditions of livestock complexes for the production of milk, as well as during operations on small animals in clinics in St. Petersburg.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПІДГОТОВКА МАЙБУТНІХ ВЧИТЕЛІВ З КУРСУ «БЕЗПЕКА ЖИТТЄДІЯЛЬНОСТІТА ОХОРОНА ПРАЦІ В ГАЛУЗІ»

The article is devoted to the topical problem of preparing future teachers for future professional activities. It is noted that the emergence of new risks in the professional activities of teachers necessitates improving the content of the training course «Life Safety and Occupational Safety in the field.» In particular, the following groups of risks were taken as a basis: organizational and technical risk (inadequate material and technical support of educational institutions, unsatisfactory sanitary and hygienic conditions, etc.); information and communication risk (information and communication hazards of the teacher), socio-cultural risk (manifestation of destructive phenomena in the interaction «teacher-student», reducing the moral and ethical qualities of the school team, threats of natural, terrorist, man-made or other origin for teams, etc.). It is determined that the objectives of the course «Life Safety and Occupational Safety in the field» are the acquisition by future teachers of a system of knowledge, skills and abilities that should ensure their own safety and the safety of others in everyday life and activities. The emergence of new risks in the professional activities of teachers necessitates the improvement of the content of the training course «Life safety and labor protection in the field.» In particular, the following risk groups were taken as a basis: organizational and technical risk (inadequate material and technical support of educational institutions, unsatisfactory sanitary and hygienic conditions, etc.); information and communication risk (information and communication hazards of the teacher); socio-cultural risk (manifestation of destructive phenomena in the interaction «teacher-student», reduction of moral and ethical qualities of the school team, threats of natural, terrorist, man-made or other origin for teams, etc.). The content of the course «Life Safety and Occupational Safety in the industry» has a structure, its purpose is to form the relevant competencies of future professionals in the field of education, namely: the ability to behave consciously in everyday life and activities, as well as in various emergencies; ability to identify dangerous and emergency situations, to analyze the information obtained using their own experience; ability to assess the development of events during emergencies; the ability to take responsibility for one's own behavior and not to allow actions that could lead to danger; ability to behave appropriately in the event of an emergency to prevent risks to life and health.

Sociodemographic and spatiotemporal profiles of hepatitis-A in the state of Pará, Brazil, based on reported notified cases.

Hepatitis-A virus is a worldwide healthcare problem, mainly affecting countries with poor sanitary and socioeconomic conditions. This communication evaluates the spatiotemporal variability of the disease's socioepidemiological profile in one of the endemic Brazilian regions (Pará State) prior to (2008-2013) and after (2014-2017) the launch of the national public vaccination programme. Hepatitis-A epidemiological reports concerning Pará State - Brazil - were used for this study including municipalitylevel data of the disease's reported positive notification cases (PNCs). The analyses involved socioepidemiological profiling and space-time scan statistics. A total of 5500 PNCs were reported in the study period. On average, PNCs decreased over time throughout the state, with strongest drops after 2015. The PNCs were specific for gender, race/ethnic origin and age group. The predominant gender and race/ethnic groups was male and brown, respectively. While children were the most susceptible age group prior to 2015, there was a shift towards older ages (young and adults) in later years. Those found to be the most affected by the disease, as shown by space-time scan statistics, were people in densely populated municipalities with unsatisfactory sanitary conditions and also less well covered by the public vaccination programme. Despite drops in the number of hepatitis-A PNCs, thanks to the national vaccination programme, the disease still persists in Pará State and elsewhere in Brazil. The present study reinforces the need of continuous prevention and control strategies for effective control and erradication of hepatitis-A.

Effects of infestations of the storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acaridae) on the presence of fungal species and mycotoxin production in stored products

The storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Acari: Acaridae) is one of the most important pests of stored foods (cheese, corn, oats, wheat, soy etc.), and is found in heavy infestations. Mites can infest food that are stored under unsatisfactory sanitary conditions, which may also provide conditions for fungi growth, which indicates mite-fungus association. However, little is known about the influence of T. putrescentiae on mycotoxins production under different stored products over time. The main objective of the present study was to identify the fungal species present in oats, corn, and wheat flour associated with T. putrescentiae infestations, and evaluate mycotoxin production before and after six months storage with these infestations. Wheat, corn and oat grain samples were compared, and each crop was stored in six containers infested by T. putrescentiae. Three remaining containers were stored under the same temperature and humidity conditions without introducing the mites, which worked as control. We obtained 55 fungi isolates, and the majority were identified with 99% or 100% of identity and ≥97% of coverage with type strains of each fungal species. Mycotoxin concentrations analyzed from corn flour stored for six months decreased with and without T. putrescentiae (p < 0.05). Regarding mycotoxin concentration with T. putrescentiae, aflatoxin increased in oats (p < 0.05) while zearalenone decreased in wheat (p < 0.05). Our findings proved that T. putrescentiae could significantly induce mycotoxin production in stored products evaluated for six months.

Sodium sulfite research and microbiological analysis of ground beef and fresh sausage

In general, the meat contains nutrients of high biological value and susceptible to contamination by enteropathogens. One way of minimizing/eliminating this contamination is the use of food additives, in the case of meat, usually sodium sulphite. This technological resource is used to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp. and thermotolerant coliforms, mandatory parameters foreseen in sanitary legislation. Therefore, the objective of this article was to evaluate the presence of sodium sulfite and detection of Salmonella spp., total and thermotolerant coliforms in 23 samples of ground beef and 7 of fresh pork sausage, marketed in open markets and public markets of Grande Recife - PE. In a total of 30 samples analyzed, it was not detected in any presence of sodium sulphite. In the microbiological assays, also it was not detected the presence of Salmonella spp. and thermotolerant coliforms. The Total Coliforms was found in 20 meat samples (87%), at the maximum concentration of 35 MPN/g-1 and in all sausages (100%) at the concentration of 35 to 36 MPN/g-1. Although the Total Coliforms is not considered pathogenic, the presence of this indicates unsatisfactory sanitary conditions in the production, which may constitute biological risk for vulnerable groups.

Hygienic-health quality and microbiological hazard of clandestine Minas Frescal cheese commercialized in north Tocantins, Brazil

Cheese is a popular product that integrates the diet of the majority of the population, almost on a daily basis. It is rich in nutrients and, therefore, also an excellent substrate for the multiplication of microorganisms, including pathogens. The microbiological contamination of these products is highly relevant to the industry, resulting in an economic loss, and to public health, due to the risk of causing foodborne diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary quality and the presence of bacterial pathogens in the clandestine Minas Frescal cheeses sold in the street open markets of Araguaína, TO, Brazil. Twenty-one samples were collected to evaluate the presence of total (TC) and thermotolerant (TTC) coliforms, Escherichia coli, and the pathotypes enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes. The results showed that 100% of the cheese samples were in disagreement with the maximum standards of TC and TTC defined in the Brazilian legislation that regulates food quality control. In addition, 85.71% of the samples had values above the standard Brazilian maximum limit. In the study of diarrheagenic E. coli, 52.38%, 66.6%, and 4.76% of the samples were positive for EPEC, STEC, and EHEC, respectively, indicating fecal origin contamination of the samples and a potential consumer risk. No Salmonella spp. or Listeria monocytogenes were detected in these cheese samples. The high count of total and thermotolerant coliforms found in the samples demonstrates unsatisfactory sanitary conditions in the production, storage, and/or commercialization of this food product. The presence of EPEC, STEC, EHEC, and coagulase-positive staphylococci at high concentrations shows the health risk of the imminent consumption of Minas Frescal cheese.

Юхтинская колония для несовершеннолетних в 1943—1945 гг.

The article, based on previously unpublished archival materials, examines the process of organizing and operating the Yukhta labor educational colony for minors. It is concluded that during the war, the colony played an important role in the fight against homelessness, neglect and prevention of juvenile crime in the far Eastern region. However, when implementing the tasks of keeping teenagers in the colony, the NKVD bodies of the Khabarovsk territory faced a complex of problems related to the lack of qualified personnel and the necessary material resources. The result was a poor situation with the organization of food, clothing allowances and medical care for children, often unsatisfactory sanitary conditions in their places of residence, study and work. At the same time, the studied documents show that the activities of the colony were not repressive in nature, its main task was the socialization of teenagers who fell into a difficult life situation due to wartime, lost their relatives, and took the criminal path of life.

РИНОК ЗЕЛЕННИХ ОВОЧЕВИХ КУЛЬТУР В УКРАЇНІ

The article provides a marketing review of the green crops market, analyzes expert-import operations and sales channels for this type of product. The ranking and grouping of the main types of vegetable and melon crops in Ukraine by the indicator of gross production is carried out. Thus, according to the State Statistics Committee, despite the fact that Ukraine produces more than 40 types of vegetable and melon crops, about 10 main vegetable and melon crops, which are in the first group, are grown in masse. Thus, the first group with a gross production of over 1 000 thousand tons included 11 crops: borscht, cucumbers, pumpkins, zucchini and watermelon. The share of this segment in the total gross collection is 96.3%. The second group with a gross production of 100.1 to 1 000 thousand quintals includes such types of vegetable crops as melons, eggplants, sweet corn, leeks, green peas, cauliflower and broccoli, radishes, Chinese cabbage, green peppers. The group’s share in the total production structure is only 3.3%, and in the total sown area does not exceed 8%. The third group (with a gross production of up to 100 thousand centners) is a group of green vegetable crops. The share of this sector of the vegetable market does not reach 0.5% in gross fees. The range of uncommon crops in the markets of Ukraine, especially supermarkets is provided mainly through imports. The scientific novelty is that to study the attitude of consumers to green vegetable products, a sociological survey was conducted and an analysis of the main factors influencing the purchase of this type of product. It was found that when choosing a point of sale, such factors as location, service, quality of service in places of purchase of green products, range, staff qualifications, etc. have a great influence on consumer behavior. The advantages and disadvantages of individual sales channels of greenery are analyzed. The advantages include: convenience, territorial proximity, wide range, price flexibility, product quality, its freshness, etc. Neoliks include: lack of certificates for products, narrow range and unsatisfactory sanitary conditions of trade places. It is found out that at formation of effective model of innovative development of branch of vegetable growing it is necessary to apply the newest methods of selection, new grades and hybrids which have high productive potential, to introduce scientifically proved systems of cultivation and seed production, to master new segments of green cultures and microgreens. The article identifies the main problems and identifies priority areas for the development of the market of green crops for the future.

Influence of sanitary – domestic conditions in the rural settlements of dnepropetrovsk region on the peasants’ healh

The aim: Implementation results of sociological survey to the practice of hygienic researches at the subjective estimation of the drinking water quality and sanitary conditions of people's life. Materials and methods: At our study was used standardized "Questionnaire survey about quality of piped drinking water, which enters to the building (apartment)", which contained 25 questions. In the sociological survey were participated 150 respondents. Results: Peasants of Dnepropetrovsk region considered that the following indicators of drinking water quality impact on their health: deterioration quality of piped drinking water, smell - 22.6%, color - 14.6 %, rust - 13.3 %, precipitate - 8.0 %, turbidity and suspended solids - 10.6 %, taste and aftertaste - 13.3 %, foam and impurities - 10.6% (p<0.05). Some of peasants (14.6 %) have unsatisfactory sanitary conditions, living on 5 - 6 persons in 1 rooms flat (p<0.05). Conclusions: Results of sociological survey shown that among rural residents increased the demand for a consumption of pre-treated drinking water, due to the deterioration quality of tap water in the rural area. It was determined, that increased frequency of use the bottled drinking water - daily it was used by 13 rural respondents (17.3%), once a week - 21 respondents (28%), 2-3 times a week - 8 respondents (10.6%).

Показатели физического развития детей 3-6 лет

Relevance of the research topic. The foundation of harmonious development of personality is laid in preschool age. However, the results of many studies have shown that in preschool children there is a tendency to deteriorate their physical development and, consequently, health. This fact is explained by the increase of computerization, aggravation of social problems, decrease in the level of motor activity, unsatisfactory sanitary and hygienic conditions, non-observance of the daily routine, etc. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the indicators of physical development of 3- 6-year-old children. In the course of the study we used such research methods as: analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the topic of the research, anthropometry and methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Analysis of the mean group values of height and body weight of 3-6-year-old girls and boys revealed that they are slightly higher in boys than in girls. The most intensive increase in the above indicators was registered in the period from 4-5 to 5-6- years-old in both sexes. The comprehensive size of the chest of 3-4 and 4-5-year-old girls is smaller than boys of this age. The comprehensive size of the chest in 5-6-year-old girls and boys is almost no different. We measured head circumference in children of junior, middle and senior preschool age. We found that the girls’ average values at all ages are lower than in boys. It should be noted that the most intense increase in the average values of comprehensive size of the chest is observed in the period from 4-5 to 5-6 years, while a more intense increase in head circumference was recorded in the period from 3-4 to 4-5 years. Conclusions. Thus, the mean values of all anthropometric indicators that we used in our study are higher in boys than in girls.

ДО ПИТАННЯ ОЦІНКИ ЯКОСТІ УМОВ ПЕРЕБУВАННЯ ПСИХІЧНО ХВОРИХ У ЛІКУВАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ В УМОВАХ СТАЦІОНАРУ ЗА ОПИТУВАННЯМ ЇХНІХ РОДИЧІВ

The article presents the results of a sociological survey of relatives of patients with mental disorders to assess the sanitary and hygienic conditions of patients in psychoneurological hospitals, determine their satisfaction with the provision of medical services to patients, establish the stigma of medical staff and their sick relatives, and evaluate their proposal to improve the hospital. According to the results of the survey of relatives of the mentally ill, 32,6% of patients have referred without a referral, given their awareness of extremely unsatisfactory sanitary and hygienic conditions in the hospital and the lack of trust on their part and their relatives to the medical staff who served them Previously, 74,1% of male relatives and 66,2% of female relatives responded to inpatient treatment, which encourages patients and their relatives to seek medical help only in case of exacerbation of the disease, deterioration of health. Non-compliance with the normative area per patient, the distance of bathrooms and showers from wards at a distance of more than 25 m, outmoded decrepit equipment (furniture, cabinets, etc.) in the hospital of psychoneurological hospitals causes special dissatisfaction of relatives (77,3% of respondents) as extremely unsatisfactory -hygienic conditions are dangerous in epidemic terms – on the one hand, the long-term stay of mentally ill people in the hospital (this figure in Ukraine is 1,7-2,5 times higher than in European countries.) There are 27 state mental health centers in the Republic of Poland, which provide free psychiatric care to every Pole, so there is no need to hospitalize patients for continued stays in psychiatric wards. In these centers, 70% of mental health counseling has been providing by psychiatrists. According to the results of the survey, relatives of patients have spending money on food in 96% of cases, on medicines for the treatment of patients in the hospital up to 85,3%, on personal hygiene products 81,3% of respondents. It is necessary to implement European requirements in the standardization of design of these institutions in Ukraine and to develop additions to the State building norms "Health care facilities" for construction of a new type – "Mental Health Centers" to improve the quality of psychiatric care and speed recovery of Ukrainian patients in health care facilities psychoneurological health.

Institutional aspects of solid waste treatment in Russia

Institutional aspects of solid waste treatment in Russia

HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF NUTRITION OF CONVICTS SERVING SENTENCES IN PENAL COLONIES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

The issues of nutrition of convicts, for years of existence of the Soviet Union and currently, are not studied completely. Citizens detained in penitentiary institutions (PI) have specific socio-demographic characteristics. Along with the unsatisfactory sanitary conditions for convicts in the colonies, the hygienic assessment of their nutrition becomes important. Without proper hygienic evaluation of food it is impossible to develop effective interventions to improve their health. Taking this into account, the article shows the hygienic assessment of the actual nutrition of convicts over the period of 2009-2012, according to 320 menu layouts accepted by the Order Ministry of Justice of Russia, No. 125, August, 2005. There are presented data on caloric value of diets of persons sentenced to imprisonment in penal colonies in the Republic of Tatarstan, provision of the body by proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium. There is given the analysis of the ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the diet of prisoners, as well as calcium and phosphorus.

The Role of Ecological Factors in Acute Enteric Infection Morbidity of Population of the People's Republic of Bangladesh

The studying of influence of natural factors on distribution of acute intestinal infections in the territory of the People's Republic of Bangladesh was organized and carried out for the first time. Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The country occupies the 8th place of population density making up to 1237,51 people per km2. It is one of the poorest states in Asia with annual income per capita $520 (as of 2008) whereas the average world income per capita makes up to $10 200. One more feature of Bangladesh is the country annually is exposed to large number of natural disasters and the most frequent is flood. The dense population, poverty, unsatisfactory sanitary and hygienic conditions, illiteracy promote wide circulation in Bangladesh of acute intestinal infections which take first place in the structure of general incidence of the population of the country. It is shown that the nature of spread of acute intestinal infections in the country is defined by ecological, demographic, social and economic and sanitary and hygienic factors. As a result of a complex ecological hygienic research of the causes of wide circulation of acute intestinal diseases among population of the country the correlation relationship between natural features, social and ecological conditions and incidence for each of 64 administrative regions of the People's Re-public of Bangladesh were revealed. On the basis of the obtained regularities the recommendations were submitted to decrease epidemiological tension in the country related to diarrheal diseases.

MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF PROCESSING OF POULTRY WASTES AND PRODUCTION OF HIGH-PROTEIN FEED ADDITIVES: DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

The article highlights different technologies of aviculture wastes recycling, first of all feather raw materials, for fodder purposes, in particular hydrothermal method, extrusion method, thermochemical method, and method of high temperature and high pressure. Hydrothermal method of recycling of meat and bone wastes in the horizontal vacuum boilers has quite satisfactory results, but ineffective in the processing of feather raw materials. More effective methods of raw feathers processing are ones with the use of extrusion process and thermochemical machining, but due to the complexity of processes, large amount of outlay and unsatisfactory sanitary and environmental conditions these technologies are not widely used in manufacturing. European experience of non-waste production and processing of aviculture wastes deserves deeper studying, particularly recycling of raw feathers, by processing method with high temperature and high pressure at continuous technological process and the possibility of using these technologies in the domestic large-scale production at poultry farms of industrial type.&#x0D; The purpose of the work was to study domestic and foreign advanced technologies of processing of non-food wastes of poultry products and production of high-protein feed additives and to consider the widespread introduction of the most effective ones in domestic manufacture on an industrial scale.&#x0D; The main wastes of processing of poultry products are gastrointestinal tract and its content, bone frame in the case of deep processing of carcasses, heads, legs, and other expired products, blood and, above all, feather raw materials, which totally constitute 20% of poultry weight. Recycling of meat and bone wastes from poultry slaughtering is carried out in horizontal vacuum boilers (so called Laps boilers), which are mainly used for animal origin wastes at sanitary-veterinary factories, united in association "Ukrvetsanzavod."&#x0D; The vacuum horizontal boiler for the production of fodder flour from animal raw materials wastes at the sanitary-veterinary utilization factories is a cylindrical metal frame located on stilts, which has a loading manhole and unloading pipes and on the outside of a cylindrical frame – a shell for heating of the frame with pipes for filing and withdrawal of the heat carrier and shaft, which is mounted along the length of the frame, with a mixer, fixed on the ends by bearings. Hot steam is the heat carrier for temperature processing of raw materials, which is supplied directly from the boiler room into the frame shell.&#x0D; In order to improve horizontal vacuum boiler for producing fodder flour from animal raw material wastes and to reduce its prime cost the special device was designed for its heating by using electricity. To do this on the outside of boiler (for its heating) there is a bullet made of the refractory material with three electric heaters, covered with a layer of insulation.&#x0D; In our country animal origin feed production has recently decreased, and the price of imported fodder is extremely high due to the reduction in livestock numbers and their processing. At the same time, Ukraine has gained intensive development of the poultry industry, particularly growing the broiler chickens and processing their meat at the large poultry farms of industrial type. Herewith, the substantial amount of non-food wastes from poultry products processing (gastrointestinal tract, bone frame in the case of deep processing of carcasses, dead poultry, blood, feather raw materials etc.) is not used for fodder purposes in many poultry farms. Furthermore, in order to get rid of wastes from poultry and livestock products processing, and instead of organizing high protein feed additives production from them, the technologies of destruction them by burning are developed, which can’t be considered reasonable solution to this problem. It is not only the reason of significant losses of valuable high-protein raw material for animal origin fodder, but also leads to environmental pollution. Therefore, in the conditions of a shortage of animal origin fodder, the use of non-food poultry products processing wastes is not only a great resource saving value, but simultaneously solves some environmental problems.

Aspectos parasitológicos da traíra (Hoplias malabaricus ) proveniente da cidade de São Bento, MA

The aim of this study was to verify the parasitologycal aspects of fish (Hoplias malabaricus), coming from Sao Bento city, Maranhao state. For this, 70 fish were used, verifying the parasitism indexes and coefficients. For the parasitological results nematodeos were identified, with zoonotical potential of the Contracaecum spp, Pseudoterranova spp, Eustrongylides spp; monogenetics Gyrodactirus spp, Dactylogirus spp and larva Acanthella of Acanthocephalo. Of the 70 (100%) fishes, 64 (91.4%) were sponged, with prevalence of 82.8% (58) for the nematodeo Contracaecum spp, 65.7% (46), Pseudoterranova spp, 7.1% (5), Eustrongylides spp, 71.4% (50), monogenetics and larva Acanthella of Acantocephalo, respectively. A maior amplitude de intensidade (1-30), coeficiente de variacao foi verificado para o nematodeo Pseudoterranova spp., a intensidade media (7,3), indice de abundância (6,7), coeficiente de dominância (36,4) foi ao Contacaecum spp., todos os parasitos estavam no mesenterio da cavidade abdominal, encistados em forma larval.The largest intensity width (1-30), variation coefficient was verified for the nematodeo Pseudoterranova spp, the medium intensity (7,3), abundance index (6,7), dominance coefficient (36,4) it went to the Contacaecum spp, all of the parasites were in the mesenterio of the abdominal cavity, encysted in larval form. The results show that fish from this region presented unsatisfactory sanitary conditions in parasitological aspect and can expose consumers to the risks of foodborne illnesses.

Análise microbiológica do tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) comercializado na feira municipal de Ariquemes, Estado de Rondônia, Brasil

O tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) é um peixe nativo da Região Norte do Brasil, de grande participação na economia do Estado de Rondônia e comumente comercializado nas feiras municipais. Sua avaliação microbiológica é de grande importância, pois faz parte do cardápio da população de forma geral. O pescado é um alimento perecível devido a sua elevada atividade água (aw) e presença de diversas bactérias de deterioração, estando suscetível à contaminação de microrganismos oportunistas e patogênicos, caso as condições higiênico-sanitárias sejam insatisfatórias. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica do tambaqui comercializado na feira municipal de Ariquemes, Estado de Rondônia. Dessa forma, foram coletadas 16 amostras provenientes de quatro boxes e submetidas a análises de quantificação de coliformes totais e Staphylococcus aureus, além da avaliação da presença/ausência de Listeria monocytogenes. Os resultados demonstraram que todas as amostras estavam contaminadas por coliformes totais, enquanto que, em relação ao S. aureus, 37,5% apresentaram índice acima do permitido. Não foi detectada a presença de L. monocytogenes. Conclui-se que as amostras de tambaqui analisadas foram expostas a condições higiênico-sanitárias insatisfatórias.

Quality of Minimally Processed Products Marketed in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Consumers have been increasingly seeking healthier foods without sacrificing sensory satisfaction and convenience, which are highly acclaimed attributes in modern times. Minimally processed products can meet these demands. The present study evaluated the microbiological, microscopic and physicochemical quality of minimally processed fruits and vegetables marketed in Cuiabá, Brazil. A total of 36 samples, consisting of sliced melon, fruit salad in pieces, grated carrot, diced melon, sliced papaya and pineapple rounds were subjected to microbiological, microscopic and physicochemical analyses. &lt;em&gt;Salmonella&lt;/em&gt; spp. was absent in all samples, while 27.8% (10/36) of the samples showed coliform counts at 45 °C over 2.0 and 2.7 log CFU.g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; in fruit and vegetables, respectively. Light dirt and foreign matter were present in 55.5% of the samples (20/36), including wood fragments and insect/animal excrements (rat hair) in 13.9% (5/36) of the samples. The pH and soluble solids (°Brix) results ranged from 3.84 to 6.66 and from 8.19 to 10.24, respectively. The products were in different stages of maturation and 27.8% (10/36) of the sliced papaya and grated carrots were in unsatisfactory sanitary conditions under the current Brazilian legislation.

Listeria spp., coliformes, bactérias mesófilas e psicrotróficas no leite in natura e pasteurizado tipo C

The microbiological quality of 30 samples of raw and 30 type C pasteurized milks, from the dairy region of the Medium Mearim/MA, was assessed by analyzing coliforms at 35 oC and 45 oC, mesophilic aerobic and psychrotrophic bacteria counting, and Listeria spp. detection. The raw milk showed higher counts for coliforms at 35 oC and 45 °C (15 x 102 to >1.1 x 103 MPN/mL; 1.1 x 103 MPN/mL), mesophilic bacteria (2.8 x 104 to 2.2 x 106 CFU/mL) and psychrotrophic bacteria (5.2 x 104 to 2 x 106 CFU/mL). Listeria spp. was found in 10 % (n=03) of samples. Among the type C pasteurized milk samples, 96.66 % (n=29) and 86.66 % (n=26) did not comply with IN 51 for coliforms at 35 oC and 45 °C, respectively. For mesophilic bacteria, 100 % of samples were in agreement with the legislation. Psychrotrophic bacteria counts were significant with values from 1.5 x 102 to 2.5 x 104 CFU/mL, and no Listeria spp. was detected. These findings suggest that the both raw and type C pasteurized milks were produced and processed under unsatisfactory sanitary conditions, with risk of transporting Listeria spp. through the raw milk.