Unsatisfactory Sanitary Conditions Research Articles

Qualidade microbiológica do ambiente, alimentos e água, em restaurantes da Ilha do Mel/PR

Each year, several outbreaks of foodborne diseases are reported in Parana state, Brazil. Bacteria are responsible for 70% of these outbreaks and 95% of cases of food poisoning. There are reports that kitchen equipment and utensils contaminated have participated of approximately 16% of outbreaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of water, fresh foods, frozen foods, ready to eat food and sanitary conditions of three restaurants in Ilha do Mel – Paraná, Brazil, using PetrifilmTM. The results showed that 72.2% surfaces of had unsatisfactory sanitary conditions. Cutting boards, scrub sponge, kitchen sinks and dish towels had the highest average contamination. According to Brazilian law, samples of food outside of the standard were: seafood sauce, with 7,0 x 102 CFU/g of E. Coli, frozen mussels, with 7,0 x 102 CFU/g of E. coli; sample lettuce and grated carrot, considered clean, with 1,0 x 103 e 2,0 x 105 CFU/g of EC, respectively. All samples of food, in general, had high bacterial counts. Vegetables were the main responsible for the contamination of kitchen boards and sinks. The water used in the three restaurants had satisfactory microbiological quality. Better hygienic sanitary conditions were found in the restaurant where the employees had training in good manufacturing practices.

Evaluation of contamination for extraneous materials in "sun meat" sold in the "houses of the north" in the municipality of Diadema (SP, Brazil).

The “sun meat” is a handmade product, combining surface techniques of salting and dehydration, commonly used by people from the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. The sun meat cooking process lacks in sophisticated technology and official standards of procedure and quality. Thus, production, sale and distribution under unsatisfactory sanitary conditions are risky to the consumers’ health. This paper is aimed at evaluating the sanitary conditions of “sun meat” sold at the “houses of the north” for the presence of extraneous materials. Analysis of 44 samples of “sun meat” from 22 “houses of the north” located in “Diadema District” (SP, Brazil) had been carried out. The product conditions of exposure and sale in the “houses of the north” were evaluated and provided additional information to assess the degree of food safety of this product. In 44 samples were found various types of extraneous materials such as whole insects and debris, larvae, exuvia, mites, rodent hairs, bird feather pieces, fungi, and sharp objects. Mechanical vectors were observed at 11 locations of the sale area. The results indicated that 90.9% of the “sun meat” has unsatisfactory sanitary conditions, caused by the presence of physical hazards of contamination. These results, associated with conditions found in the “houses of the north”, indicated that these products can put the health of consumers at risk. Keywords : Sun meat, Sanitary Conditions, Food security.

Modern Particularities of Campilobacteriosis Epidemiology in Azerbaijan

The process of campylobacteriosis agent distribution among agricultural poultries was shown to depend upon a number of factors including conditions of maintenance and importation of the agent (with feed and etc.). Unsatisfactory sanitary conditions of poultry farms and high level of infection among hens lead to intensive contamination of different environmental objects with campylobacters. Therefore, the first priority is to select those objects which can really be exposed to contamination with campylobacters and provide circulation of infection among people, animals and poultry due to their functional characteristics.

HYGIENIC WATER SUPPLY FOR THE BEES

The bees must have continuous and adequate supply of good quality water for normal development and survival. In their work, the beekeepers use various water supply containers that usually have many disadvantages ( inadequate loading capacity, inconstant supply of water, unsatisfactory sanitary conditions). In order to study permanency, consumption and hygiene of water supply, a new model of hygienic water supply container has been constructed and applied in the experiment on the island of Unije. The trial took place from 26 July to 29 September 2006 and it included six isolated apiaries of equal strength of colonies. During that period, 83 beehives consumed 374,10 litters of water, the average water consumption per beehive being 5,19 ± 2,88 liters. The average daily water consumption per beehive was 0,12 ± 0,07 liters.

Associação entre concentrações séricas de minerais, índices antropométricos e ocorrência de diarréia entre crianças de baixa renda da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a associação entre concentrações séricas de ferro, zinco e cobre, perfil nutricional e ocorrência de diarréia entre crianças residentes em uma comunidade de baixa renda no município de Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, que avaliou 104 crianças, na faixa etária de 1 a 5 anos, selecionadas entre os meses de abril a dezembro de 2004, pelo projeto Vila Rosário. Avaliou-se o perfil socioeconômico das famílias e de saúde das crianças, incluindo a ocorrência de diarréia. A avaliação nutricional incluiu peso, estatura/comprimento, índices peso-para-idade e estatura-para-idade, expressos em escores-Z e classificação do estado nutricional segundo estes índices. As concentrações séricas de zinco, ferro e cobre foram determinados em uma sub-amostra (n=59) a partir da técnica de florescência de raios x por reflexão total com radiação síncroton. RESULTADOS: As crianças residiam em domicílios caracterizados por condições sanitárias insatisfatórias, com famílias numerosas e com baixo poder aquisitivo. A prevalência de diarréia no último mês foi de 55,7%. Cerca de 28,4% das crianças apresentaram déficit ponderal e 4,9% delas déficit estatural. A deficiência de ferro, zinco e cobre encontrada na amostra foi de, respectivamente, 13%, 7,5% e 8,9%. Não foi observada associação significante entre os indicadores do perfil nutricional e os valores séricos dos minerais. As crianças com relato de diarréia apresentaram valores séricos médios de minerais inferiores aos daquelas sem relato, sendo significante para os valores de zinco. CONCLUSÃO: As crianças com episódios de diarréia podem apresentar comprometimento das concentrações séricas de zinco.

Health risk due to the consumption of raw milk commercialized without due authorization

Sixty raw milk samples commercialized without due authorization in the counties of Botucatu and S. Manuel, State of S. Paulo (Brazil), were submitted to mesophilic microorganism and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and most probable number of total coliform and fecal coliform counts. Forty-one (68.3%) and 50 (83.3%) of the samples were found, respectively to contain mesophilic microorganisms and total coliforms above the maximum limits established by the Health Ministry for type C pasteurized milk. Thirty (50.0%) and 11 (18.3%) of the samples were found, respectively, to the contaminated by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and fecal coliforms. Only 5 (8.3%) samples were found to comply with the required legal standards. The results showed the unsatisfactory hygienic and sanitary conditions of the raw milk and suggest the existence of great risk to the health of the consumers, especially when the product is taken without being boiled.

On the Epidemiology of Plague

In areas in which plague is present, or has recently been present, in India, as an epidemic, no definite relation has been observed between intensity of plague (apart from its persistence), and badness of sanitary condition of dwellings. On the other hand, in areas in which plague is present endemically, so far as evidence goes, very unsatisfactory sanitary conditions exist. Such areas are generally situated in mountainous countries (Garhwal, Yunnan, Beni-Cheir, Transbaikalia). The inhabitants of such places, owing to the difficulty of obtaining water for domestic purposes, are apt to be filthy both in their houses and persons. In Garhwal, Yunnan, and Beni-Cheir domesticated animals are stabled in the houses, the paucity of level area making separate provision for cattle a matter of difficulty. Stable refuse consequently is liable to accumulate in the lower floors of the houses, producing conditions favourable to the presence of swarms of fleas.