Unsafe Practices Research Articles

Assessing Neglect in Pediatric Environmental Deaths: A Survey of Manner of Death Determinations.

There are 4 common types of environmental pediatric deaths that may involve various degrees of neglect: hyperthermia, ingestion, drownings, and unsafe infant sleep practices. Because the circumstances surrounding each are disparate, there is no set of standards by which these factors may be weighed and interpreted. Given the same facts, the manner of death certification may differ depending upon training/experience and/or local practice.To assess certification variations, 147 board-certified forensic pathologists were surveyed for the choice of manner in scenarios with different degrees of negligence intent. In addition to evaluating certification consistency, the survey examined whether certain factors affected the choice. The results demonstrated strong consistency in certain scenarios and widely disparate certifications in others.Medical examiner/coroner certifications are administrative decisions for vital statistical purposes. The manner of death reflects an evidence-based conclusion, but because it is ultimately an opinion, determinations may vary. Based on the survey, some certification criteria were identified (ie, intent, child age, and knowingly placing a child in an environment with a reasonable risk of harm). Using these criteria may improve consistency, but it is unreasonable to expect 100% concordance. Understanding the certificate's role helps to place the manner in the proper legal and public health contexts.

A study to assess the knowledge and practice regarding sanitation and hygiene among women in parts of Delhi, India

Background: Poor hygienic practices, inadequate water supply, and poor sanitary conditions play a major role in the spread of infectious diseases. So, safe drinking water and basic sanitation is of crucial importance to the prevention of health problems.
 Objects: To study the knowledge, attitude, and practices related to drinking water and sanitation facilities among the urban slum population of different areas of Delhi.
 Design: Open label, observational, non-randomized, community-based study.
 Methodology: A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the knowledge of 297 females of different slum areas of Delhi regarding sanitation and hygiene, their attitude, and practices were collected using a previously validated questionnaire. The data obtained was analyzed on MS Office (Excel).
 Major Outcome: Major Outcome: Findings of the study showed that 42% of the subjects had average knowledge and 75 % of the subjects followed unsafe practices on water, sanitation and hygiene.
 Result: The study was conducted on 297 housewives having mean age as 34.14 years living mostly in joint family with 6000- 12000 monthly family income. 76.4% had toilet in their household but lack proper water disposal system.
 Conclusion: Conclusion: The knowledge and practice on hygiene and sanitation among the households of slum areas of Delhi was found to be satisfactory. This study found significant association between knowledge, practice, age, education, occupation, family income per month. It was observed that young women had good knowledge however financial constrains rule the roast.
 Keywords: Sanitation and hygiene; Knowledge; Attitude; Practices, WASH.

Pesticide Application as a Risk Factor/Behaviour for Workers’ Health: A Systematic Review

The main objective of this review was to determine the main risks that agricultural workers are exposed to during pesticide application, which may have a harmful effect on their health and on public health. This systematic review was based on the PRISMA guidelines. A search for articles was conducted in the Medline/PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases. Fifteen articles were selected considering their assessment of agricultural workers’ knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, practices, and behaviours, identifying the main risks and risk factors for disease associated with the unsafe handling of pesticides. The main risk factors identified were age, education, pesticide safety training, farming experience, and contact with other farmers/intermediaries resulting in pesticide access. The most frequent risk behaviour was an application of pesticides without personal protective equipment (PPE), incorrect disposal of empty packaging and waste, and undervaluation of label information, as well as other unsafe practices. Multidisciplinary and more effective training must be delivered to enhance pesticide-safe usage. This will empower workers to adopt more conscious and safer behaviours while using pesticides.

Perceived Susceptibility and Responses to Ill-health Risks among Children of the Street in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract This study identifies perceptions about susceptibility and responses to health risks among children of the street in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews from 22 purposely selected street children. In addition to the field notes, audio was recorded, transcribed and translated into English. After coding the responses, themes and sub-themes were identified, followed by interpretations of responses. The findings showed that children of the street perceive to be highly susceptible for health risks such as HIV/AIDS, skin diseases, malaria, accidental injuries, lung cancer, and ‘Corella’. Whereas most of the health risks have been associated generally with the living situations of the children, engagement in risky behaviors such as unsafe sexual practices, addictions to drugs and other harmful substances, and sharing of sharp materials have also been reported to increase their vulnerability. The extent to which they perceive to be susceptible, the type of disease and its perceived cause were found to influence the preventive health behavior of the street children. The high risk perception among street children opened the way for individual and collective efforts of maintaining health and wellbeing which in turn facilitates interventions aimed at reintegrating street children into the society.

Residual Dialkyl Phosphate Metabolite Concentrations of Organophosphate Pesticides Among Indian Farmworkers: Implication of Exposure and Hazard Assessment.

Biomonitoring of urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites, a sensitive biomarker to assess pesticides exposure and also to study the impact of the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). A preintervention-postintervention study to biomonitor dimethylphosphate, diethylphosphate, diethylthiophosphate, and diethyl-dithiophosphate using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry among Indian farmworkers (n = 120). Dimethylphosphate was detected in all samples at a mean concentration of 74.91 μg · L -1 (17.616 μg · g -1 creatinine), whereas diethylthiophosphate and diethyl-dithiophosphate were detected in 88% and 82% of samples, respectively, among farmworkers who adopted unsafe pesticide-handling practices. Intervention studies showed a significant reduction in the urinary DAP metabolites detected among the farmworkers using PPE provided to them ( P < 0.01). Study confirms the exposure to pesticides among farmworkers and highlights the importance of the use of PPE to minimize exposure.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice regarding WASH among Community Dwellers of District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan

The sustainable development in communities and improved quality of life is the utmost adjective of various development programs globally. The 21st century challenge for community development is unprecedented and multilayered with diversity of stakeholders. Within the community context, individuals are strongly associated with their knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) in daily life. Poor knowledge and unsafe practices of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) among community dwellers are among the chief vehicles for transforming infections diseases, which are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity, especially among children. To understand the actual condition of KAP regarding WASH a cluster random sampling technique was applied to obtain samples from target communities of district Sargodha. Various univeriate and bivariate analysis applied through SPSS-21 for insight the individual practice. The findings indicated that two third of community dweller had moderate level of Knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) regarding WASH. The findings from T-test show that there is signification variation existed with respect to gender and socio-demographic aspects of community. The community dwellers somehow understand the importance of safe WASH practices, however, there is an intensive need for essential awareness among community dwellers regarding WASH.

Examining the health and wellbeing of women sanitation workers in Ghana and Kenya

About 3.6 billion people worldwide lack access to safely managed sanitation service. To bridge service gaps, informal sanitation businesses have emerged as alternative service providers to meet the sanitation needs of unserved populations. Informal sanitation workers include persons who empty septic tanks, clean toilets, sewers, and manage public toilets. They provide a fundamental public service particularly in areas where access to municipal sanitation service is limited. Through qualitative methodologies, this paper explores the lived experiences and associated health risks of women working in the informal sanitation sector in urban Ghana and Kenya. Our findings show that female informal sanitation workers were exposed to injuries and infections, stigma and discrimination, emotional and psychological distress, sexual harassment, and unhealthy coping strategies. Distinctively, younger female participants were more likely to experience sexual harassment. Because of social stigma, many of the women developed unsafe work practices such as refusal to wear PPE and working at night. By paying close attention to the embodied effects of informal sanitation work, we can better comprehend the daily politics, lived experiences, and urban social infrastructure regimes that have a significant impact on the quality of life of informal sanitation workers. The results are also crucial for developing programs for women's empowerment and labour and social protection policies, especially in lowincome settings where gender norms interact with income disparities and other sociopolitical issues to affect women's participation in the labor market.

Australian radiographers’ awareness of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) in mammographic imaging

IntroductionWomen presenting for mammography occasionally have pacemakers or other cardiac-implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) in situ. This research investigates Australian radiographers’ awareness of CIEDs in the diagnostic and screening settings. MethodsA survey of radiographers with mammography experience in Australia was conducted using SurveyMonkey™. Respondents were asked if they could confidently identify images of devices and whether they had imaged them mammographically. A Chi-squared test of independence was used to compare the association between demographics and CIED awareness. A value of p < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. ResultsThere were 220 valid responses. All CIED types had been imaged. Most respondents had imaged a pacemaker (94.5%) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) (85.6%), compared to the three different implantable loop recorders (ILRs) (ILR-1: 63.4%; ILR-2: 14.1%; and IRL-3: 26.9% and the emerging subcutaneous ICDs (S-ICDs) (11.9%). Most respondents felt confident identifying the pacemaker (95%) and the ICD (86.1%). Only 19.4% of respondents could confidently identify the emerging S-ICD. ConclusionA lack of awareness of new and emerging devices may impact approaches to imaging and present significant risk to patients. The lack of studies comprehensively describing devices and their mammographic appearance to support radiographers’ knowledge and awareness highlights an urgent need to progress research in this area. Implications for practiceAs a part of continuing professional development, radiographers performing mammography must ensure they remain up to date with current and emerging technology, including CIEDs. This study has identified a lack of awareness of the different types of CIEDs currently being implanted and imaged, which may translate to unsafe imaging practices. There is an urgent need for further education to bridge this knowledge gap and ensure the safety of practice in imaging women with CIEDs. FootlineMammography: CIED Imaging

Firearm Deaths among Youth in the United States, 2007-2016.

We sought to compare risk factors contributing to unintentional, homicide, and suicide firearm deaths in children. We conducted a retrospective review of the National Fatality Review Case Reporting System. We included all firearm deaths among children aged 0-18 years occurring from 2007 to 2016. Descriptive analyses were performed on demographic, psychosocial, and firearm characteristics and their relationship to unintentional, homicide, and suicide deaths. Regression analyses were used to compare factors contributing to unintentional vs. intentional deaths. There were 6148 firearm deaths during the study period. The mean age was 14 years (SD ± 4 years), of which 81% were male and 41% were non-Hispanic White. The most common manners of death were homicide (57%), suicide (36%), and unintentional (7%). Over one-third of firearms were stored unlocked. Homicide deaths had a higher likelihood of occurring outside of the home setting (aOR 3.2, 95% CI 2.4-4.4) compared with unintentional deaths. Suicide deaths had a higher likelihood of occurring in homes with firearms that were stored locked (aOR 4.2, 95% CI 2.1-8.9) compared with unintentional deaths. Each manner of firearm death presents a unique set of psychosocial circumstances and challenges for preventive strategies. Unsafe firearm storage practices remain a central theme in contributing to the increased risk of youth firearm deaths.

Limitations of Gold’s formula for predicting ice thickness requirements for heavy equipment

Common practice for determining the required ice thickness for vehicles and equipment relies on Gold’s formula as outlined in provincial and territorial publications relating to ice safety. This practice persists despite recent advances in ice engineering knowledge that provide more comprehensive design methods utilizing allowable stress design approaches. The authors have identified that the use of Gold’s formula for determining required ice thickness may lead to unsafe practices when utilized in the context of heavy construction equipment, increasing the risk of ice breakthrough to personnel and equipment. The authors use recent design examples to demonstrate instances in which the use of Gold’s formula results in predicted flexural tensile stresses in the ice cover that exceed the maximum design stress recommended in contemporary literature. In the case of large excavators (53 metric tonnes) and heavy dozers (40 metric tonnes), as examples, the use of Gold’s formula for determining the required ice thickness will result in predicted flexural tensile stresses that exceed the recommended maximum design stress by 56%–71%.

Alarming rise in HIV cases in Pakistan: Challenges and future recommendations at hand.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that suppresses the immune system by reducing the CD4+ T lymphocytes level. It has become a global challenge with fast prevalence ratio. Like other developing countries, Pakistan is also struggling for overcoming this viral disease since very first reported case in 1987. To update the society on the alarming rise in HIV cases in Pakistan: challenges and future recommendations at hand. The review paper utilized different search engines such pubmed central, scopus, web of science, google scholar etc. to conduct this review paper. Lack of awareness, low literacy rate, practice of unhygienic equipment in healthcare departments, unstable economy, and unsafe sexual practices are the major factors behind the increasing rate of AIDS in Pakistan. By regulating healthcare practices and policies, promoting psychological counseling to HIV positive patients, educating the society and minimizing commercial sex practices, Pakistan can overcome this viral disease.

Identifying self-presentation components among nursing students with unsafe clinical practice: a qualitative study

BackgroundMaintaining patient safety is a practical standard that is a priority in nursing education. One of the main roles of clinical instructors is to evaluate students and identify if students exhibit unsafe clinical practice early to support their remediation. This study was conducted to identify self-presentation components among nursing students with unsafe clinical practice.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted with 18 faculty members, nursing students, and supervisors of medical centers. Data collection was done through purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done using conventional qualitative content analysis using MAXQDA10 software.ResultsOne main category labelled self-presentation emerged from the data along with three subcategories of defensive/protective behaviors, assertive behaviors, and aggressive behaviors.ConclusionIn various clinical situations, students use defensive, assertive, and aggressive tactics to maintain their professional identity and present a positive image of themselves when they make a mistake or predict that they will be evaluated on their performance. Therefore, it seems that the first vital step to preventing unsafe behaviors and reporting medical errors is to create appropriate structures for identification, learning, guidance, and evaluation based on progress and fostering a growth mindset among students and clinical educators.

Integrating Information Entropy and Latent Dirichlet Allocation Models for Analysis of Safety Accidents in the Construction Industry

Construction accident investigation reports contain critical information, but extracting useful insights from the voluminous Chinese text is challenging. Traditional methods rely on expert judgment, which leads to time-consuming and potentially inaccurate results. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel approach that combines text mining techniques and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) models to analyze standardized accident investigation reports in the Chinese construction industry. The proposed method integrates an information entropy term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) weighting scheme to evaluate term importance and accounts for word and model uncertainty. The method was applied to a set of construction industry accident reports to identify the key factors leading to safety accidents. The results show that the causal factors of accidents in Chinese accident investigation reports consist of keywords and negative expressions, including “failure to timely identify safety hazards” and “inadequate site safety management”. Failure to timely identify safety hazards is the most common factor in accident investigation reports, and the negative expressions commonly used in the reports include “not timely” and “not in place”. The information entropy TF-IDF method is superior to traditional methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency, and the LDA model that considers word frequency and feature weights is better able to capture the underlying themes in the Chinese corpus. And the subject terms that make up the themes contain more information about the causes of accidents. This approach helps site managers more quickly and effectively understand the causal factors and key messages that lead to accidents from incident reports. It gives site managers insight into common patterns and themes associated with safety incidents, such as unsafe practices, hazardous work environments, and non-compliance with safety regulations. This enables them to make informed decisions to improve safety management practices.

Assessment of Drug-Drug Interaction Risk Between Intravenous Fentanyl and the Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir Combination Regimen in Hepatitis C Patients Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulations.

An unsafe injection practice is one of the major contributors to new hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections; thus, people who inject drugs are a key population to prioritize to achieve HCV elimination. The introduction of highly effective and well-tolerated pangenotypic direct-acting antivirals, including glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB), has revolutionized the HCV treatment landscape. Glecaprevir is a weak cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitor, so there is the potential for drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with some opioids metabolized by CYP3A4, such as fentanyl. This study estimated the impact of GLE/PIB on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous fentanyl by building a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. A PBPK model was developed for intravenous fentanyl by incorporating published information on fentanyl metabolism, distribution, and elimination in healthy individuals. Three clinical DDI studies were used to verify DDIs within the fentanyl PBPK model. This model was integrated with a previously developed GLE/PIB PBPK model. After model validation, DDI simulations were conducted by coadministering GLE 300mg + PIB 120mg with a single dose of intravenous fentanyl (0.5µg/kg). The predicted maximum plasma concentration ratio between GLE/PIB + fentanyl and fentanyl alone was 1.00, and the predicted area under the curve ratio was 1.04, suggesting an increase of only 4% in fentanyl exposure. The administration of a therapeutic dose of GLE/PIB has very little effect on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous fentanyl. This negligible increase would not be expected to increase the risk of fentanyl overdose beyond the inherent risks related to the amount and purity of the fentanyl received during recreational use.

Global assessment of surgical skills (GASS): validation of a new instrument to measure global technical safety in surgical procedures.

Broad implementation of the American Board of Surgery's entrustable professional activities initiative will require assessment instruments that are reliable and easy to use. Existing assessment instruments of general laparoscopic surgical skills have limited reliability, efficiency, and validity across the spectrum of formative (low-stakes) and summative (high-stakes) assessments. A novel six-item global assessment of surgical skills (GASS) instrument was developed and evaluated with a focus upon safe versus unsafe surgical practice scoring rubric. The GASS was developed by iterative engagement with expert laparoscopic surgeons and includes six items (economy of motion, tissue handling, appreciating operative anatomy, bimanual dexterity, achievement of hemostasis, overall performance) with a uniform three-point scoring rubric ("poor-unsafe", "adequate-safe", "good-safe"). To test inter-rater reliability, a cross-sectional study of four bariatric surgeons with experience ranging from 4 to 28years applied the GASS and the global operative assessment of laparoscopic skills (GOALS) to 30 consecutive Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure operative videos. Inter-rater reliability was assessed for a simplified dichotomous "safe" versus "unsafe" scoring rubric using Gwet's AC2. The GASS inter-rater reliability was very high across all six domains (0.88-1.00). The GASS performed comparably to the GOALS inter-rater reliability scores (0.96-1.00). The economy of motion and bimanual dexterity items had the highest percentage of unsafe ratings (9.2% and 5.8%, respectively). The GASS, a novel six-item instrument of general laparoscopic surgical skills, was designed with a simple scoring rubric (poor-safe, adequate-safe, good-safe) to minimize rater burden and focus feedback to trainees and promotion evaluations on safe surgical performance. Initial evaluation of the GASS is promising, demonstrating high inter-rater reliability. Future research will seek to assess the GASS against a broader spectrum of laparoscopic procedures.

Definition, management, and training in impacted fetal head at cesarean birth: a national survey of maternity professionals.

This study assessed views, understanding and current practices of maternity professionals in relation to impacted fetal head at cesarean birth, with the aim of informing a standardized definition, clinical management approaches and training. We conducted a survey consultation including the range of maternity professionals who attend emergency cesarean births in the UK. Thiscovery, an online research and development platform, was used to ask closed-ended and free-text questions. Simple descriptive analysis was undertaken for closed-ended responses, and content analysis for categorization and counting of free-text responses. Main outcome measures included the count and percentage of participants selecting predefined options on clinical definition, multi-professional team approach, communication, clinical management and training. In total, 419 professionals took part, including 144 midwives, 216 obstetricians and 59 other clinicians (eg anesthetists). We found high levels of agreement on the components of an impacted fetal head definition (79% of obstetricians) and the need for use of a multi-professional approach to management (95% of all participants). Over 70% of obstetricians deemed nine techniques acceptable for management of impacted fetal head, but some obstetricians also considered potentially unsafe practices appropriate. Access to professional training in management of impacted fetal head was highly variable, with over 80% of midwives reporting no training in vaginal disimpaction. These findings demonstrate agreement on the components of a standardized definition for impacted fetal head, and a need and appetite for multi-professional training. These findings can inform a program of work to improve care, including use of structured management algorithms and simulation-based multi-professional training.

Survey of the Relationship between Age of Smoking Onset and Risk-Taking Behaviors among University Students: A Web-Based Study

Background. Smoking at a younger age puts people at greater risk for health damage. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the age of smoking onset and high-risk behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, substance abuse, and high-risk sexual behavior among university students in Tabriz, Iran. Methods. This web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Tabriz, Iran, in 2019. A total of 3,649 students were included in the study according to the proportion of students in each university. The required information was collected through an online questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the age of smoking onset and high-risk behaviors. Results. The mean (standard deviation) age of the participants in the study was 22.85 (3.66) years old, and 55.7% were boys. The findings of the study indicate that students who initiated smoking at the age of 16 or younger exhibited higher likelihoods of alcohol consumption over the previous 30 days (OR= 1.77, CI 95%: 1.20 - 2.62) and participation in unsafe sexual practices (OR= 1.54, CI 95%: 1.06 - 2.26) compared to their non-smoking counterparts. Conclusion. Early smoking onset is associated with high-risk behaviors. The age of onset of smoking should be considered as one of the factors associated with high-risk behaviors, and smoking prevention programs should be started from adolescence.

Understanding the uptake of HIV testing among women in Liberia: the role of female genital mutilation/cutting

Past studies show that the processes of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) on women can increase their susceptibility to HIV infection. This is because genital tears or ruptures, scars and wounds from FGM/C may expose survivors to heightened risks of contracting sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, if they engage in unsafe sexual practices. Hence, there is the need to promote HIV screening and testing among this population. Yet, in Liberia, there is a dearth of studies exploring the uptake of HIV testing among women who have experienced FGM/C. To understand this relationship, we used the 2019–2020 Liberia Demographic and Health Survey (LDHS) and employed logistic regression analysis to answer the following questions: (1) Are FGM/C survivors less likely to have been tested for HIV compared to non-FGM/C women; and (2) How does this disparity in the uptake of HIV testing differ by women’s marital status? We found that survivors of FGM/C were less likely to have been tested for HIV than non-FGM/C women, even after accounting for theoretically relevant variables (OR = 0.83, p < 0.01). In response to our second question, we found that survivors of FGM/C who were formerly married were less likely to have been tested for HIV compared to their non-FGM/C counterparts (OR = 0.48, p < 0.01). These findings highlight the importance of trauma-informed HIV prevention strategies in Liberia, and the need for policymakers to take a holistic approach to addressing the challenges that FGM/C survivors, especially formerly married women, may face in accessing HIV prevention and testing services, and to work towards creating a more inclusive and supportive environment for all at-risk groups.

Cultural patterns and outcome of umbilical cord care among caregivers in Africa: a systematic review.

In order to find published studies on cultural patterns and outcomes of umbilical cord care among caregivers in Africa from January 2015 to December 2021, we conducted a systematic literature search across six computerized bibliographic databases: Google Scholar, POPLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus. As a result, a narrative synthesis of quantitative and qualitative data was employed to summarize the data from the included research. There were 17 studies included in this review with 16 out of the 17 studies having a total of 5757 participants. The odds of neonatal sepsis were 13 times higher among infants whose caregivers had improper hygiene compared with those who had proper hygiene. The outcome of cord management showed that the majority (75.1%) of the umbilical cords were infected. Majority of the included studies (n=13) show that the respondents (caregivers) had a low level of knowledge and practice. This systematic review reveals that unsafe umbilical cord-care practices remained prevalent in some African regions. Home delivery is still a prevalent practice in some communities and inappropriate umbilical cord cleaning practices were common findings.

FAMILY PLANNING KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE AMONG POSTNATAL WOMEN IN A TERITIARY CARE CENTER

Background: Family planning methods prevent pregnancy-related health risks for women. Aims and Objectives: The study aims to describe the socio demographic profile, knowledge, awareness, source of information, and utilization of various family planning methods among postnatal women who delivered in a kurnool Government general hospital(teritiary care center) Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, kurnool Medical College and Hospital, kurnool,ANDHRA PRADESH over a period of 6 month from june 1,2022 to , December 30,2022. •After obtaining informed verbal consent, a predesigned standardized questionnaire was given to 500 postnatal mothers who delivered in the institution either by vaginal or by caesarean section. Data on socio demographic profile, knowledge, awareness of various family planning methods, source of information, utilization, and reasons for non-use were collected and statistical analysis was done using MS Excel. Results were expressed in terms of numbers and percentage. Result: Only 412 (82.4%) of the respondents had heard about family planning. About 65.7% of respondents have good knowledge, 34.3% have poor knowledge. Out of 500 respondents 349 (69.8%) have positive attitude towards contractive and the remaining 151 (30.2%) had negative attitude. Out of 500 respondents 152(30.4%) of respondents had a safe practice and the remaining 348 (69.6%) were unsafe practice towards contraceptive use. Conclusion: In our study •it is evident 65.7% had good knowledge regarding family planning methods•Regarding attitude gender bias having male is anasset to family having female child is curse.•This attitude has to be overcome by proper education, counseling to the elligible couple and community by health care professional•By this we can impart knowledge, practice regarding family planning methods.