Unresolved Area Research Articles

Temperature of Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock (1983d)

Infrared (1.5–20 μm) observations of the nuclear condensation of Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock (1983d) during the interval 5–8 May 1983 (UT) show that the distribution of 3.5- to 20-μm radiation was blackbody in character with no evidence of 10-μm emission from silicate grains in the coma of the comet. The observed color temperature of the nuclear condensation of the comet was 319 ± 5°K on 7 May and 307 ± 5°K on 8 May. Low-resolution spectrophotometry on 5 May in the 1.5- to 2.6-μm region shows no obvious emission or absorption features, but thermal radiation of approximately the same color temperature as the 3.5- to 20-μm radiation was present along with reflected sunlight. Scans of the nuclear region of the comet indicate that most of the thermal radiation observed at 11.6 and 20.0 μm came from an ≤120-km-diameter, unresolved area centered on the nuclear region. Absolute flux measurements suggest that projected areas (unit emissivity) of 70 and 40 km 2 were responsible for the thermal radiation from the nuclear condensation on 7 and 8 May, respectively. This large change in total surface area suggests that the amount of dust in the nuclear region of Comet 1983d was highly variable and is consistent with the observation by M.A. Feierberg, F.C. Witteborn, J.R. Johnson, and H. Campins (1984, Icarus, 60, 449–454) of an outburst on 11 May 1983.

Current issues in intensive psychotherapy.

Seven current critical areas in intensive psychotherapy are discussed. (1) Social polemics, centering around the conflict between the humanistic and individualizing thrust of intensive psychotherapy, and the dehumanization of our current dark age; (2) training, where the resident is caught in a dilemma between techniques stressing fast relief and the possibilities of longer intensive therapy that stand in stark contrast to these techniques; (3) fundamental philosophical choices on the part of every practitioner that various types of therapy require; (4) delineation of intensive psychotherapy primarily defined as a modified form of psychoanalysis; (5) establishing the methodology of psychoanalysis and its derivative discipline, intensive psychotherapy; (6) use of intensive psychotherapy as the treatment of choice for pre-Oedipal disorders, severe character disorders, borderline patients, and certain others, such as some schizophrenic patients; (7) the collision between certain irreconcilable views such as those of Kohut and Kernberg that forces further choices on the therapist. This latter unresolved area could be placed in perspective by appeal to ego psychology which, as in the work of Blanck and Blanck, and others, is still a viable alternative and forms a critical area of investigation.