Unprotected Condition Research Articles

A Protected Class, An Unprotected Condition, and A Biomarker - A Method/Formula for Increased Diversity in Clinical Trials for the African American Subject with Benign Ethnic Neutropenia (BEN) - CORRIGENDUM.

A Protected Class, An Unprotected Condition, and A Biomarker - A Method/Formula for Increased Diversity in Clinical Trials for the African American Subject with Benign Ethnic Neutropenia (BEN) - CORRIGENDUM.

Screening of Rice Germplasms for their Resistance against Gall Midge, <i>Orseolia oryzae</i> Wood Mason (Biotype-3) in Ranchi, Jharkhand

An experiment was conducted to screen out twenty-three rice cultures, varieties and genotypes against rice gall midge (biotype-3) at the research farm of Birsa Agricultural University, RAC (Ranchi Agriculture College) Kanke, Ranchi during kharif season of 2017. Out of 23 genotypes, Kavya, W-1263, Abhaya, Phalguna, Lalat, BG-380-2, RD-202 and Suraksha emerged as resistant and promising against the gall midge (biotype-3), receiving silver shoot incidence below 5% even when they are grown in unprotected condition in the present studies as against the significantly and substantially higher pest incidence (i.e. SS%) recorded in case of TN- 1, IR-64 Sub-1 and IR-64 receiving 32.49%, 20.15% and 19.33%, respectively. Naveen was responsible for realization of the highest grain yield (52.70 q/ha) among all the tested rice varieties.

A Protected Class, An Unprotected Condition, and A Biomarker - A Method/Formula for Increased Diversity in Clinical Trials for the African American Subject with Benign Ethnic Neutropenia (BEN).

Expanding on previous industry guidance relative to increased clinical trial diversity, while honing more exacting treatments and better ways to fight diseases that have often disproportionately impacted people of color, is a topic being discussed by multidisciplinary public health experts across the nation.This writing draws attention to the African American demographic, which is continually subject to health care disparities. Any glimpses of knowledge or medical discovery that could potentially help to redress harm or reinforce a weakened familial-cultural infrastructure should be emphasized for sanative restoration of the impacted communities. The focus of this writing is the African American cohort and its nexus to Benign Ethnic Neutropenia as the diverse target population of discussion, hoping to convey a harmonized approach in the examination of (1) the African American Benign Ethnic Neutropenia cohort within the context of basic scientific understanding, (2) the interplay of applicable governing regulatory protections, and (3) increased clinical trial participation to enlarge the pathway for increased diversity in clinical trials.

SCREENING OF GENOTYPES AGAINST SESAME PHYLLODY DISEASE

Phyllody of sesame is an important disease caused by a pleomorphic phytoplasma and is transmitted by a leaf hopper called Orosius albinctus. The affected plants become stunted and floral parts are modified in to leafy structures bearing no fruits and seeds causing yield. In this view, a field experiment was conducted at PC unit Sesame and Niger farm field. Twenty genotypes were evaluated for various plant traits and screening against sesame phyllody disease in protected (Polyhouse) and unprotected (field) condition. Among the twenty genotypes, all genotype were found to be moderately resistant against phyllody under natural field condition. However no symptoms were observed in all 20 genotypes under protective (Polyhouse) condition. The yield contributing characters of sesame plants, i.e. plant height; number of capsules per plant, test weight was adversely affected due to phyllody. There was reduction in number of capsules, plant height, and yield and test weight in infected plant in comparison to healthy plants due to the phyllody disease.

Mitigating fuel tank syndrome pelvic injuries – is there potential for rider worn protectors?

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of rider-worn pelvis protection for mitigating injury risk when contacting the motorcycle fuel tank in a crash. Methods A newly developed test apparatus was designed and constructed to simulate the interaction between a rider’s pelvis and the motorcycle fuel tank in a frontal crash. Impacts were performed at a velocity of 18 km/h into four motorcycle fuel tanks. Further testing used a rigid fuel tank surrogate and the pelvis surrogate in an unprotected condition and with a series of impact protector prototypes. A subset of prototype samples was also tested at varying tank angles (30°, 37.5°, 45°) and impact speeds (8.5 km/h, 13 km/h, 18 km/h). Analysis of variance was used to determine whether the protector prototypes reduced pelvis response compared to unprotected. Results Resultant peak pelvis acceleration was reduced by three pelvis impact protector prototypes compared to an unprotected condition. The reduction in peak acceleration occurred without a significant change in the peak pelvis rotational velocity. The pattern of protector performance was consistent at varying fuel tank angles but only reduced the pelvis response at the highest impact speed tested of 18 km/h. Conclusions The results indicate that there may be potential for using pelvis impact protection to mitigate injury risk by absorbing and/or distributing impact energy that would otherwise be transmitted to the rider’s pelvis. However, due to the current paucity in understanding of pelvis biomechanics to anteroposterior loading, it is unknown whether the pelvis acceleration reductions achieved would prevent injury.

Cathodic Protection of Brake System Components

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The work investigates the use of cathodic protection -based strategies (e.g. sacrificial anodes) with the aim of extending the corrosion resistance of Aluminum components to be used in disc brake systems. Lab-scale electrochemical measurements, including voltammetry and zero resistance ammetry (ZRA), are used to: a) define the requirements of a cathodic protection system for a 42200 Aluminum alloy; b) evaluate the protection capability of a Zn-based sacrificial anode; and c) demonstrate an extended corrosion resistance of the protected part even in the presence of a galvanic coupling, with respect to the unprotected condition.</div></div>

The Influence of Hard Hat Design Features on Head Acceleration Attenuation.

This study evaluated the performance of 6 commercially available hard hat designs-differentiated by shell design, number of suspension points, and suspension tightening system-in regard to their ability to attenuate accelerations during vertical impacts to the head. Tests were conducted with impactor materials of steel, wood, and lead shot (resembling commonly seen materials in a construction site), weighing 1.8 and 3.6kg and dropped from 1.83m onto a Hybrid III head/neck assembly. All hard hats appreciably reduced head acceleration to the unprotected condition. However, neither the addition of extra suspension points nor variations in suspension tightening mechanism appreciably influenced performance. Therefore, these results indicate that additional features available in current hard hat designs do not improve protective capacity as related to head acceleration metrics.

Ovipositional Preference of lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica Fabr. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in certain wheat, Triticum vulgere (Linn.) varieties

Rhyzopertha dominica Fabr. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is a highly polyphagousserious insect-pest of stored cereals particularly wheat under tropical conditions and causes extensive damage both in terms of quantity and quality to stored wheat grains.. Study on ovipositional preference in wheat varieties was conducted at Department of Zoology, D.B.S.College, Kanpur, India during 2004 to 2005 Six wheat, Triticum aestvum Linn varieties viz., TL 174, K 65, HI 774, UPT 72294, Kalyan Sona and HD1982 were tested under laboratory condition in protected and unprotected condition. In the present investigations six varieties of wheat, Triticum aestvum (Linn.) were tested under laboratory trials for their relative food preference to Rhizopertha Dominica Fabr. The data revealed significant differences among various wheat varieties for oviposition of R. dominica. Fecundity was highest (121.33 eggs) on TL 174 and lowest on K 65 (30.33 eggs) and HI 774 (27.33 eggs) respectively. The second in order to preference for oviposition having 73.33 eggs was HI 774 followed by UPT 72294 and HD1982 in which 67.33 and 54.00 eggs have been laid respectively. K 65 and HI 774 having 30.33 and 27.33 eggs are comparatively less preferred for egg laying. Among the food preference the most preferred variety for the larvae was UPT 72294, and least preferred varieties was HI 7747.

Varietal resistance of certain indigenous wheat, Triticum aestvum (Linn.) for the larval development of lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica Fabrecios (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

A laboratory experiment was carried out to test the larval development of lesser grain borer. Rhyzopertha dominica Fabrecios on different varieties of wheat Triticum aestvum Linn was evaluated at Department of Zoology, D.B.S. College, Kanpur, India during 2004 to 2005 in protected and unprotected condition. The data revealed significant differences among six wheat varieties namely TL 174, K 65, HI 774, UPT 72294, Kalyan Sona and HD 1982 for larval development of R. dominica. The data revealed significant differences among various wheat varieties for larval development of R. dominica. The lowest larval period 27.50 days was found in HI 7747 followed by HD 1982 and Kalyan Sona having the larval period 27.76 and 29.20 days respectively. These do not differ significantly to each other. In HI 7747 one larva could not complete its development even up to 48 days and it was dead before population. The highest larval period (33.44 days) was observed in UPT-72294 followed by K 65 and TL 174 having the larval period 32.42 and 31.54 days respectively. These three varieties do not differ significantly each other but differ significantly from the others.

Дослідження січних модулів листяних та хвойних порід деревини з різним показником вологості

Most wood-based materials, elements, products and structures work in both non-aggressive and aggressive environments. Aggressive also include environments with high humidity. Humidity of wood in such conditions is higher than standard (in an unprotected condition), that is more than 12 %. The humidity content of wood directly affects its physical and mechanical properties, in particular the initial modulus of elasticity and the modulus of deformation. The method of experimental researches of wooden prisms in the size of 30´30´120 mm on compression along fibers at a rigid mode of loadings (on increase of movements of a press of the testing machine) is in detail given. The following species of wood were tested: coniferous species — larch, pine, spruce; deciduous — birch, alder, ash. The trees from which the samples were made were grown, in particular, pine, spruce — in the forests of Rivne region; birch, alder, ash — in the forests of Volyn region; larch — in the forests of Ivano-Frankivsk region. The tested wood had a humidity content of 30 %, 21 %, 12 % at the age of 60 years and grade without defects and damage. Wood blanks were pre-dried in the laboratory to an average humidity of 30 % and in special drying chambers to a humidity of 21 % and 12 %. The humidity of the wood was controlled using a humidity meter MD-814. Experimental studies were performed on a servo-hydraulic testing machine STM-100 with an automated control and data recording system. On the basis of experimental researches diagrams (secant modulus—stress level) of continuous deciduous (birch, alder, ash-tree) and coniferous (larch, pine, spruce) breeds of wood were constructed. The initial modulus of elasticity and modulus of deformation of different types of wood in the range from 30 % to 12 % of humidity were obtained experimentally and theoretically. It is established that with a decrease in humidity from 30 % to 12 %, the strength of wood of all species increases the initial modulus of elasticity and the modulus of deformation increases significantly

Effect of Abiotic Factors on Population Dynamics of Whitefly and Jassid on Bt Cotton

Studies was carried out to investigate population dynamics and the effect of abiotic factors on population dynamics of sucking insect pests of BT cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and jassid (Amrasca biguttula), under unprotected condition.

Assessment of losses caused by sesame leaf webber and capsule borer Antigastra catalaunalis (DUPONCHEL)

A study was conducted during kharif seasons of 2016 and 2017 at the Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the quantitative and qualitative losses by the infestation of sesame leaf webber and capsule borer, Antigastra catalaunalis in HT-1 and HT-2 variety of sesame. The experiment was conducted under both protected and unprotected conditions in paired plot design with three replications. Plot size was kept 2.7 x 1.8 m2 and distance between row and plant was maintained at 30 and 10 cm during each season. Pooled data of both years revealed that pod damage in both the varieties varied from 19.72 to 21.62% under unprotected condition while in protected condition it varied from 3.02 to 3.12%. Maximum yield was recorded in HT-2 (921.42 kg/ha) under protected condition while minimum yield was observed in HT-1 (521.48 kg/ha) followed by (555.27 kg/ha) under unprotected condition. Avoidable yield loss due to A. catalaunalis was 35.16 and 39.73% in the varieties HT-1 and HT-2, respectively after three sprays of quinalphos. Total protein and crude fat contents of seeds obtained from damaged pods were significantly lower in both varieties viz., HT-1 and HT-2 as compared to seeds obtained from undamaged pods. This is a big impact on the nutritional quality. However, fibre, ash and moisture contents were not affected to that extent.

Bud borer complex and yield loss in Sapota

The seasonal succession of sapota bud boring pests complex viz., bud borer (Anarsia achrasella) and chiku moth (Nephopteryx eugraphella) was studied from 2013–15. The bud borer cause damage to new buds round the year with the peak activity during April (10.19–10.82%) and May (10.83–11.70%) at commencement of main flowering phase of sapota. Similarly, chiku moth infestation was also observed throughout the year and attained highest during May (5.10–6.27%) and December (6.23–6.76%). Regarding correlation, bud borer damage found increased with increase in maximum temperature and ultimately evaporation at lower morning relative humidity in summer coincide with peak flowering, while chiku moth activity was mainly with relative humidity. The avoidable loss due to both the pests in terms of yield under unprotected condition was recorded up to 25.16 and 27.76%.

Sensitivity analysis of feedback factors by neutronics and thermal-hydraulics coupling code based on FLUENT software

With the great improvement of computer performance, analyzing the complex flow and heat transfer phenomena under transient condition by coupling CFD and neutronics has attracted lots of attention nowadays. We developed a neutronics-thermal hydraulics coupled code for transient analysis of pool type lead cooled fast reactors based on FLUENT UDF. The coupled code FLUENT/PK was validated by critical and sub-critical reactor under unprotected transient condition. The validation results show the correctness and feasibility of CFD method in safety analysis of reactors. The coupled code was used to analyze the lead cooled fast reactor SNCLFR-100 (which had been proposed by USTC) under different transient conditions. The calculated results show that there exists great difference if the introducing time of reactivity is different. The sensitivities of the feedback factors were analysed for the reason that these factors will be quite different at different operation time of the reactor core, and the result shows that Doppler constant has the most important effect on reactor safety compared with coolant temperature coefficient, fuel rod axial expansion coefficient and cladding expansion coefficient.

A simulation of I2S-LWR selected transients

The Integral Inherently Safe (I2S-LWR) reactor was designed to improve the safety performance of PWR types reactors, and several design basis accidents were eliminated using innovative approaches to the I2S-LWR plant layout. However, some accidents such as station blackout (SBO), main steam line break (MSLB) type accident – the secondary hot leg break (SHLB) – were deemed statistically relevant, and the work performed here was to simulate these events using the system thermal–hydraulics code RELAP5 coupled to the 3D spatial kinetics code PARCS. The safety response of the reactor to a station blackout is predicted to be acceptable at both beginning of cycle (BOC) and end of cycle EOC core conditions with either the UO2 or U3Si2 fuel options considered here. In the analysis of the SHLB performed here, an unprotected (no SCRAM) condition was assumed to highlight the I2S-LWR capabilities. Results indicate that with the UO2 core, the fuel temperatures rise notably, but no fuel melting was predicted and departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR) limits were not exceeded. Similarly, the U3Si2 fuel performed well, but with lower fuel temperatures and decreased DNBR. After the break of the steam line in the I2S-LWR, shutdown is achieved after about two minutes via negative reactivity from loss of primary flow. In all cases considered, the I2S-LWR appears to accomplish the goals of increased safety performance. Further design improvements and other fuel options may marginally improve on the observed safety performance. Additionally, higher fidelity analysis with the next generation subchannel, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), or full core transport may be useful in refining the prediction of the peak fuel and cladding temperatures, as well limiting DNBR during the accidents.

Evaluation of advance lines of soybean for resistance to major diseases under natural field condition

Root rot/Charcoal rot, <italic>Alternaia</italic> leaf spot, Bacterial pustule and Yellow Mosaic Virus are important one disease in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Thirty advance lines of soybean were screened for these diseases in protected and un-protected condition under natural field conditions and results revealed that four entries viz.NRC-94, JS-20-69, JS 20-71 and KDS- 699 were shown Resistant High Yield (R-HY) reaction to disease complex while NRC-92, KDS 705, KDS-378 and JS 20-41 exhibit Susceptible High Yield Tolerance (S-HY (T)) reaction to disease complex. Only one entry (SL-958) initiates Resistant Low Yield (R-LY) reaction. Rest of the tested advance lines showed Susceptible Low Yield (S-LY) reaction.

Effect of pesticidal schedule to control the shoot and fruit borer Leucinodes orbonalis in brinjal

To study the performance of various pesticidal schedules to evolve a suitable management strategy against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, the field experiment was carried out at The Central Research Station, OUAT, Bhubaneswar from January to June 2010. The findings of investigation revealed that the brinjal shoot and fruit borer caused highest fruit damage (80.22%) at 120 days after transplanting under unprotected condition. Under protected condition, the mean fruit infestation due to shoot and fruit borer varied from 46.44 to 53.15 per cent. Among all the treatment schedule, application of cartap hydrochloride, monocrotophos, carbaryl, azadirachtin, Bt formulation and triazophos at 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105 days after transplanting at 15 days interval reduced the fruit infestation successfully and registered highest fruit yield and highest monetary value (Rs. 36,070/ha).

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Crash Cushion Systems

Crash cushions vary in geometry and cost. In this study, crash cushions were categorized in three different categories: redirecting with repair costs greater than $1,000 (RGM), redirecting with repair costs less than $1,000 (RLM), and nonredirecting sacrificial (NRS). Typically, RGM systems are less expensive initially, but life-cycle costs are high. RLM systems typically reciprocate this trend. NRS crash cushions (e.g., sand barrels) are generally less expensive but require total replacement after a crash has occurred, which may be impractical at high-traffic volume locations. Due to limited funding, there is often a need to identify the most cost-effective crash cushion category for highway scenarios with different roadway, traffic, and roadside characteristics. This study was commissioned to determine benefit-cost ratios for each crash cushion category in a wide range of roadway and roadside characteristics using the probability-based encroachment tool, Roadside Safety Analysis Program. Only RGM and RLM systems were cost-effective for freeways and divided rural arterials, but all three categories competed against the unprotected condition on undivided rural arterials and local roads.

Protection effects on Mediterranean fish assemblages associated with different rocky habitats

Rocky banks (i.e. sea mountain-like structures rising from the sea bottom) are hard substrate habitats of high socio-economic value (e.g. for fishermen and divers) and ecological relevance as they often host unusually high density of fish. Here we tested whether the response of fish assemblages to protection (i.e. related to the presence of a Marine Protected Area (MPA)) in rocky banks is comparable with the response of rocky reefs dropping from the coast (hereafter called ‘coastal rocky substrates’), and whether there are differences between fish assemblages associated with protected and unprotected rocky banks. Fish assemblages were assessed in shallow and deep coastal rocky substrates, and in rocky banks, in unprotected and protected conditions at a Mediterranean MPA in north-east Sardinia in August 2007 and 2008. Whole fish assemblage structures (in terms of biomass) differed between protected and unprotected conditions in both study years. Fish assemblages at rocky banks, in addition, differed from those associated with coastal rocky substrates. Total fish biomass (summing contribution of all species) was higher under protected than unprotected condition in 2007, while species richness and total fish density did not demonstrate any significant change related to protection. The responses to protection displayed by the target species Epinephelus marginatus and Diplodus sargus were clear especially in terms of greater frequency of large-sized specimens in both study years. Biomass of E. marginatus in 2007 and density of D. sargus in 2007 and 2008 were significantly higher in protected than unprotected conditions, especially in protected rocky banks. This study emphasizes the ecological and socio-economic role of protection and the potential role of rocky banks within management/conservation programmes in the Mediterranean Sea.

Delayed Fluorescent Emission from Pyrene Doped Phenanthrene Nanoparticles Based on Triplet‐triplet Energy Transfer

AbstractDoped nanoparticles were prepared from pyrene and phenanthrene using a facile reprecipitation method. The doped nanoparticles presented unique delayed fluorescent emissions of pyrene under the unprotected condition. The ratio of the intensity of delayed fluorescence (IDF) to that of phosphorescence (IP) is about 4:1, which almost keeps unchanged with the decrease of pyrene content at room temperature. The intensity of the delayed fluorescence emissions is dependent on the relative content of pyrene, as well as the aggregation degree of nanoparticles. The delayed emissions are contributed to efficient triplet‐triplet energy transfer from phenanthrene (donor) to pyrene (acceptor). Steady fluorescence measurement have proved that the singlet‐singlet energy transfer process was also existent dominated by the radiation energy transfer mechanism.