Unpredictable Changes Research Articles

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ АНАЛІЗУ ВПЛИВУ ПАРИТЕТІВ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ ВАЛЮТНОГО КУРСУ ТА ВАЛЮТНОГО РИЗИКУ

Effective currency risk management is one of the most critical challenges for developing countries and emerging markets nowadays. Thus, it requires a comprehensive analysis of its causes, nature, factors, and possible consequences. Since the definition of a currency risk relates to unpredictable changes in exchange rates, its analysis means examining exchange rate volatility and formation. International parity conditions are one of the most straightforward and widespread approaches to explaining exchange rate formation. It includes purchasing power parity and interest parity. The first one is based on the law of one price and means the same purchasing power of currencies involved in buying a homogeneous product or a basket of goods in two countries under some conditions. Interest Rate Parity measures expected changes in nominal exchange rate by the difference in nominal interest rates at home and abroad. Nevertheless, clear theoretical foundations and empirical testing of theoretical assumptions have revealed contradictory results. It has led to several anomalies: Purchasing-Power-Parity Puzzle, Forward Premium Puzzle, and Forward Bias Puzzle. Despite all trials to solve the puzzles using new economic and econometric approaches to explain exchange rate volatility, there are constant and significant rebounds from theoretical models. Thus, we emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary approach to currency risk management that considers economic, political, and social factors. One possible method relates to improving existing models economically (adding new elements) or econometrically (applying the updated mathematical models). An alternative way is to analyze a currency risk as a systematic one depending on global factors. Consequently, the focus on exchange rate modeling and forecasting shifts to calculating and analyzing its premium. This approach might be the most prominent for the Ukrainian economy under postwar instability and fragility. Overall, this article provides valuable insights into the complex world of currency risks and offers practical recommendations for managing these risks in an uncertain global economy.

TRAINING AND FOSTERING PHILOLOGY TEACHERS IN VIETNAM TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE NEW PROGRAM

Entering the 21st century, due to the rapid development of society, continuous and unpredictable changes, the role of education has received more attention and investment attention from countries than ever before to prepare the young generation to face and stand up to the challenges of life. Changing, renovating, improving programs, and even reforming education have been carried out by many countries. In 2018, Vietnam's general education program was rebuilt after more than 12 years of implementing the old program (in 2006), including Philology. To meet the new requirements of the general education program, pedagogical students and teachers of Philology in Vietnam need to be trained and fostered to acquire the following competencies: reading comprehension and text creation, teaching reading comprehension and text creation, testing and assessing the results of studying Philology.

A Decentralized Power and Bus Voltage Regulation Approach for DC Microgrids

In this paper a decentralized power regulation approach is presented for converters operating in DC microgrids. The method enables classical droop control to perform power regulation tasks by employing auto-adaptive virtual resistances for the controlled devices. Moreover, the auto-adaptive nature of the droop characteristic is employed to constraint, through a decentralized approach, the microgrid DC bus voltage within an admissible range of values, despite unpredictable changes in the operating conditions of the microgrid (i.e., sudden variations in load and/or in renewable production). The proposed approach is formalized as a multi-objective optimization problem whose solution is entrusted to a method based on dynamic system theory and Lyapunov theory. Simulations are carried out on test DC microgrids, in order to prove the approach effectiveness.

Digitalizacija i marketing kao dve strane iste medalje - put transformacije u Republici Srbiji

In the 21st century - the era of digitization, quick and unpredictable changes have included marketing as a social and management process. Namely, it is about the transformation of the traditional into a digital form of marketing (Marketing 4.0). Although traditional marketing strategies are still used to achieve business goals, it seems that in the world of technology, presence and advertising on the Internet (digital marketing) is a requirement and consequently a guarantee of efficient and effective results. In this respect, the subject of this paper is the analysis of the consequences of digitalization on the marketing process, with special reference to their connection and mutual conditioning. The aim of this paper is to point out the possibilities, techniques, and advantages of the use of digital marketing, including an analysis of the changes that characterize the mentioned sector in the Republic of Serbia. This paper begins with a basic hypothesis that the application of digital technologies in marketing is not only an available opportunity and a question of choosing "yes or no", but a necessity in the development and implementation of marketing strategies and thus in achieving recognition and competitive advantage in the market.

ВПЛИВ ДІДЖИТАЛІЗАЦІЇ НА ПОБУДОВУ МАРКЕТИНГОВИХ СТРАТЕГІЙ НА РИНКУ B2В

The article analyzes the impact of information, globalization and digitalization transformations on the formation of marketing and market strategies promotion of the product/service on the B2B market in the conditions of military time. Today, digitalization has penetrated practically all spheres of life and activity. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the instruments, means, formats of digital communications in the commercial space, that is, on the B2B market. It has been established that on the market B2В there is a difficulty in building marketing strategies, due to the specifics of doing business of the parties of the commercial space in the format B2B. Since the company that sells the services, goods of other kinds of business, should be oriented not only on their demand, but it is necessary to take into account the specific attributes of the business entities to which it offers its goods when developing marketing strategies. It is necessary to pay attention to the human factor, when developing marketing strategies for В2В, because in commercial communications involved personnel of the enterprise, which buys a product or service not for itself, but for an enterprise that has certain values, organizational culture, which must also be taken into account. The peculiarity of the B2B market is also the high cost, high technology of goods, and their realization is often long-term, what also has an impact on the construction of the marketing strategy in the conditions of total digitalization. During the research the positive influence of the digitalization on the image positions of enterprises was revealed, promoting competitive advantage, increasing demand and improving business position in the market, growth of marketing attractiveness of commercial space subjects, ensuring stability of enterprise functioning, opportunities for rapid adaptation to unpredicted changes in the market, increase of enterprise profitability, attraction of new clients, stimulation of strengthening sales channels, possibilities of scaling. At the same time, the researchers point to a number of business problems on the B2B market in the conditions of digitalization and military condition, among them: high level of uncertainty caused by rising prices, lack of fuel, difficulties with transport connections; it is impossible to use enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity, already traditional for them ways of export of their own products. Most scientists present a general vision of the impact of digitalization on marketing activity in general, partly taking into account the specifics of the B2B market, but do not specify peculiarities of building marketing strategy in the retail environment by enterprises implementing high technologies, expensive equipment, provide strategically important types of human activity, such as machine-building industry. Moreover, scientific research leaves out the field of view problems and prospects of technically complex and interconnected production, with which they encountered during the period of total digitalization, do not reflect the ways of solving the challenges of the digital epoch in specific fields of activity. Therefore, such trends define the need to specify the impact of digitalization on B2B market providers.

Трансформація концепцій логістичного і проєктного менеджменту в контексті цифровізації та євроінтеграції

The paper is devoted to the essence of logistics, project, logistics and project management. The comparative analysis of the logistics efficiency index was carried out in Ukraine in comparison with the countries of the European Union, which made it possible to note its low values in our country both under martial law and in the pre-war period, as well as the components of this index (customs, infrastructure, international shipments, logistics competence and equality, timeliness, tracking and tracing). The consequences of the impact of digitalization on the transformation of logistics and project management, which are manifested in the reduction of time for information exchange, saving of resources and acceleration of all processes, have been determined. It was established that in the realities of the digital economy, increased risk and uncertainty, the Agile approach, smart logistics and electronic logistics are relevant approaches. The importance of increasing the adaptability and flexibility of management activity, which allows for ensuring the sustainable functioning of economic entities in conditions of high risk and uncertainty, rapid and unpredictable changes in the surrounding environment, is noted. The directions for improving logistics and project management in conditions of digitalization in the field of personnel support and human resources development (including the development of digital culture and digital skills, increasing the competence of personnel in the field of application of modern digital tools and information and communication technologies, minimizing the digital divide), financial and investment support, organizational support, material and technical support (including software products and technologies) and information security were carried out.

Економічна ризикологія корпоративних інтеграційних процесів в управлінні акціонерними товариствами

It was unsubstantiated nature of mergers and acquisitions of joint stock companies as the processes of redistribution of equity control. Author generalized nature for obtaining corporate control over the joint-stock companies in the course of operations of a hostile M & A. and considered it mechanisms. Then it was proposed classification of the main types of mergers and acquisitions of enterprises. Also it was generalized approach to formation of a monitoring system of benchmarks that identify possibility of attempts at hostile mergers and acquisitions over the strong and weak signals. It was summarized systems of measures that can be used to counteract this process reviewed. possible variants infringement of the rights and interests of shareholders through unpredictable changes in the size or structure of the share capital in the implementation of the operations of a hostile M & A. Author substantiated composition of factors in the formation of the company attractive for attempts a hostile mergers and acquisitions. Finally it was defined criteria for evaluation of optimal ways to protect the Company against attempts of hostile mergers and acquisitions.

Journalism is in Extreme Terms. Transformation of Genres

Introduction. Military topics, problems of survival and prospects of victory have become leading in the materials of modern ZMK. A huge array of information needs scientific analysis. The topicality of the topic is due to drastic, sometimes unpredictable changes in public consciousness, which caused an adequate reaction in publications in domestic ZMK. The depiction and analysis of extreme events in which the heroes of reports, articles, and essays act require a new method of collecting and analyzing facts. The novelty consists first of all in the formulation and actualization of the problem itself, since up to now mostly cursory questions and individual nuances of the global problem have been clarified. The task of scientific understanding and extrapolation to the practice of transforming genres in the extreme conditions of wartime could not arise earlier due to objective reasons. The goal is to try to grasp the essence and significance for the next critical understanding, ethical and aesthetic perception of new genre varieties that have arisen as a result of extreme events. Task. To single out certain genres of print and Internet journalism that have changed the most recently, to characterize the characteristic features of this transformation. Research methods. The introductory part of the work is based on the historical and comparative method. The second part of scientific intelligence includes the monitoring method. The hermeneutic method came in handy when it was necessary to analyze complicated stylistic constructions in the latest genre forms. Research results and prospects. The main conclusion of the study is the ascertainment of the fact of the transformation of the genre system in the extreme conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The analysis of the empirical material proved that informative and journalistic and analytical journalistic materials have changed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The author sees further prospects for the study of the problem in the deepening and expanded interpretation of the already outlined topics. The problem of analyzing new editions also seems promising.

Scenario-based multi-objective optimisation model based on supervised machine learning to configure a plastic closed-loop supply chain network

Plastic recycling has received a lot of attention around the world. In this regard, a multi-objective optimisation model for plastic closed loop supply chain (CLSC) configuration is developed. Specifically, this paper simultaneously investigates the impact of adding washing machines to plastic recovery centres and corporations' role in consumer awareness on plastic recycling on plastic CLSC network configuration cost and carbon dioxide (i.e., CO2) emissions. Our numerical results indicate that the combination of adding washing machines to recovery centres, and increased return of plastic products due of increased corporate responsibility in consumer awareness have the potential to contribute to both economic and environmental pillars of sustainability by decreasing the design cost, i.e., by 3.93%, and CO2 emissions, i.e., by 14.24%. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is conducted to consider the effects of unpredictable changes in demand and return. The implications of our study concerning social sustainability, policymakers, and municipalities are discussed.

РОЗВИТОК ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ

In the midst of a state of war in Ukraine, given the intricate military-economic circumstances and the significant, dynamic, and unpredictable changes, business leaders are tasked with the challenge of formulating new, relevant principles and approaches to managing and advancing their businesses. Strategic development of a company in contemporary conditions can be defined as the process of steering a series of changes in business operations. It is rooted in the human potential that serves as the organization's cornerstone and aims to bring about new quantitative and qualitative transformations. These transformations are directed towards ensuring the sustained efficacy of the economic entity in the long term, amidst a backdrop of global competition. The crux of managing a business development strategy lies in establishing the requisite conditions for both quantitative and qualitative changes. This entails coordinating actions, preventing and resolving internal conflicts within the company. It is imperative to consider the functional interplay between the resources employed for internal development and the execution of external functions within the company. Entrepreneurship growth can be pursued along three primary avenues: market expansion, organizational refinement, and business development. The formulation of objectives plays a pivotal role in the strategic development of businesses. These objectives should be mutually aligned, flexible, contribute to efficiency, and harmonize with external factors and conditions. Evaluating strategic objectives against competitive advantage criteria, such as cost-effectiveness, product differentiation, consumer demographics, and market niche size, is essential. Depending on the business's objectives and its competitive positioning in the market, the company may opt for a strategy of cost leadership, differentiation, or specialization. Implementing any chosen business development strategy necessitates the development and execution of a comprehensive set of measures across all levels of management and within all facets of operation, including management, marketing, finance, and service provision.

Time-Varying Functional Connectivity of Rat Brain during Bipedal Walking on Unexpected Terrain

The cerebral cortex plays an important role in human and other animal adaptation to unpredictable terrain changes, but little was known about the functional network among the cortical areas during this process. To address the question, we trained 6 rats with blocked vision to walk bipedally on a treadmill with a random uneven area. Whole-brain electroencephalography signals were recorded by 32-channel implanted electrodes. Afterward, we scan the signals from all rats using time windows and quantify the functional connectivity within each window using the phase-lag index. Finally, machine learning algorithms were used to verify the possibility of dynamic network analysis in detecting the locomotion state of rats. We found that the functional connectivity level was higher in the preparation phase compared to the walking phase. In addition, the cortex pays more attention to the control of hind limbs with higher requirements for muscle activity. The level of functional connectivity was lower where the terrain ahead can be predicted. Functional connectivity bursts after the rat accidentally made contact with uneven terrain, while in subsequent movement, it was significantly lower than normal walking. In addition, the classification results show that using the phase-lag index of multiple gait phases as a feature can effectively detect the locomotion states of rat during walking. These results highlight the role of the cortex in the adaptation of animals to unexpected terrain and may help advance motor control studies and the design of neuroprostheses.

Economic impact of artificial intelligence in the field of agriculture

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a new emerging technology which has a positive impact on agricultural productivity (crop production) majorly through the utilization of AI in agriculture. This paper examines the moral challenges of the use of Artificial Intelligence in agriculture in six classes together with fairness, transparency, accountability, sustainability, privacy, and robustness. Artificial intelligence has helped improve efficiency, improve soil health and crop production, and solve many problems of the agricultural sector. Other concerns such as unpredictable climate change, rapid population growth and food insecurity have prompted the use of artificial intelligence to ensure sustainable agriculture. As the world’s population grows exponentially, there must be a lift in food production to cater to the ever-increasing world population. AI-based technologies help solve problems related to weeding, irrigation, cultivation and control. The ongoing process of climate changes causes many distresses and vulnerabilities, especially in the agrarian sector. The same can be effectively minimized with the deployment of AI-enabled digital solutions. Research in India reveals that rice cultivation contributes 16% in GHG emissions, while wheat adds 56% and fertilizer production & use in cereals add 52%. India's agri-food sector is heavily reliant on unpredictable climatic conditions and the use of AI can help it produce more with fewer resources. It can shift the methods & processes of food production and help the agricultural sector reduce its emissions by 20%. AI enabled farming solutions enable farmers to produce more crops at a lower cost while enriching the produce's' quality.

Adaptive Koopman-Based Models for Holistic Controller and Observer Design⋆

We present a method to obtain a data-driven Koopman operator-based model that adapts itself during operation and can be straightforwardly used for the controller and observer design. The adaptive model is able to accurately describe different state-space regions and additionally consider unpredictable system changes that occur during operation. Furthermore, we show that this adaptive model is applicable to state-space control, which requires complete knowledge of the state vector. For changing system dynamics, the state observer therefore also needs to have the ability to adapt. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no approaches presently available that holistically use an adaptive Koopman-based plant model for the state-space design of both the controller and observer. We demonstrate our method on a test rig: controller and observer adequately adapt during operation, so that outstanding control performance is achieved even in the case of strong occuring systems changes.

Individualization and psychologization of modern society as factors of weakening social ties

The article proves the thesis according to which psychology, as a scientific discipline and social practice (in the form of psychotherapy and counseling), penetrating into all spheres of everyday life in modern society, is a response to the worldview contradictions of the era of modernism. The paradigms of post- and metamodernism that characterize our time can rightfully be considered a continuation of the main line of early modernism of the early twentieth century, associated with the understanding of modernization (the historical process of transition from a traditional and sustainable way of life to social uncertainty and instability). Therefore, modernity is also called the era of late modernism. In modern society and culture, the responsibility for solving the problem of the stability and variability of life is attributed not to collectives or groups, as in previous historical periods, but to individuals. Now, not philosophy or anthropology, but psychology as the scientific project of modernism seeks to answer the famous Kantian question about what a person is. The mass dissemination of psychological knowledge and practice leads to the psychologization of society, that is, to the explanation of the surrounding world and life problems only with the help of psychological categories; a person fixes on the inner experience and personal self-development, thereby distancing himself from unpredictable social events and changes. The psychologization of society enhances its individualization. Individualization is seen as a dual phenomenon: on the one hand, it implies the most free and active construction of identity and lifestyle, and on the other hand, it carries the danger of social atomization and the collapse of solidarity, which can be a prerequisite for the formation of totalitarian mass movements. The paradox: individualization and psychologization, designed to reduce social uncertainty, increase it, locking a person into his own Self. To prevent the negative effects listed above, it is recommended to strengthen psychological concepts in scientific and public discourses that emphasize the importance of intersubjective, joint construction of the image of a changing world.

Membership-Function-Dependent Design of Quantized Fuzzy Sampled-Data Controller for Semi-Markovian Jump Systems With Actuator Faults

This article concerns a fuzzy sampled-data controller for nonlinear semi-Markovian jump systems (SMJS) via the fuzzy dependent stochastic looped-Lyapunov functional (FSLF) approach. To do this, with the help of the Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) method, the stochastic jump parameters, actuator faults, and logarithmic quantizer are all considered in a unified framework. The stochastic parameters are generated by the semi-Markov process, whose transition rates depend upon the sojourn time. The nonlinear SMJS depicts real-time models subject to unpredictable structural changes, such as single-link robotic arm (S-LRA) systems. A key issue under consideration is how to design a fuzzy sampled-data controller to ensure stochastic stability for the nonlinear SMJS in the presence of actuator faults and state quantization. For this purpose, by using the weak infinitesimal operator of constructed FSLF, sufficient conditions are determined to realize the stochastic stability of the proposed nonlinear systems. Then, the stochastic stability conditions for the proposed sampled-data controller scheme can be derived under a linear matrix inequality framework. The validity of the theoretical findings is verified by Rossler’s chaotic systems. The S-LRA model is demonstrated to illustrate the applicability and efficacy of the proposed controller scheme.

Perceived challenges and barriers for medical students in the COVID-19 crisis.

Unpredictable and immediate changes, especially in the clinical and practical fields of medical sciences following the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic, have posed many challenges for medical students. This study was conducted to identify the experiences and students' understanding of the challenges in the COVID-19 crisis. The present qualitative research was conducted by performing semi-structured interviews with the students along with holding a student panel. The study population consisted of 30 clinical and basic medical students of Babol, Iran and Kermanshah universities of medical sciences who were selected by purposive sampling method. Data were collected based on students' perceived experiences of challenges, obstacles, and problems in the COVID-19 crisis. The data analysis process was performed by conducting interviews and information obtained from the panel using v10 R150410 software. Finally, the related factors and components were identified. Challenges and perceived obstacles of medical students in the COVID-19 crisis were identified in the form of eight factors including student life factors, interaction and communication, psychological factors, educational technology, factors related to the professors, limitations of educational and research planning, crisis management, and educational evaluation. Identifying the challenges of medical education perceived by students in this study and adopting appropriate strategies to overcome existing barriers open new opportunities for expanding the scope of the curriculum, providing education, and promoting community health to universities; moreover, the challenges of medical education and any skill-based discipline, such as medical sciences in the COVID-19 pandemic will require much attention and investigation in cognitive sciences.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ НА ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ

The article presents an analysis that allows determining the state of investment activity and its impact on the production of innovative products by enterprises. The issue under consideration is important at the stage of fundamental changes in the conditions and factors of economic development and is primarily due to an increase in the innovative activity of organizations due to the attraction of external investments and the allocation of own funds for the implementation of new innovative projects. Static nature and the impossibility of a quick response to unpredictable market changes puts the industrial sector in a difficult position, as management processes lag significantly behind the state of the external environment. This explains the attention paid to the practical role of investment and the peculiarities of innovation management, which makes it possible to form a system for choosing effective tools for managing enterprises in high-tech sectors of the economy. This explains the attention paid to the practical role of investment and the peculiarities of innovation management, which makes it possible to form a system for choosing effective tools for managing enterprises in high-tech sectors of the economy. Special attention is paid to the identification of development trends and problems that impede the successful functioning of enterprises and the effectiveness of state support measures for industrial production.

Green hydrogen feasibility in oman

Global warming is one of the most important factors in unpredictable climatic changes and a challenging issue in the world. The MENA region is one of the hottest areas in the world, and most of its revenue is based on oil resources. The sultanate of Oman, as per Vision 2040, aims to increase the number of renewable energy plants to reduce their electrical energy dependence. At present, Oman produces 650 MW of electrical power using renewable energy sources, this may increase in the upcoming years. High energy density and transportability make hydrogen a suitable energy carrier compared to the existing fossil fuels. This paper discusses the various possible techniques to produce green hydrogen and a brief comparative study of these techniques for their feasibility in the regional scenario so that an effective usage of hydrogen sources and better energy management can be achieved in Oman. Hence, making the usage of green hydrogen as a renewable energy source more feasible and conventional in the upcoming years is in line with Vision 2040.

GREEN ENZYMES FROM PLANTS AND MICROBIAL SOURCES USED IN INDUSTRIES: AN OVERVIEW

Green chemistry, an emerging field of science, focuses on the prevention of waste and the use of hazardous substances. It also emphasizes the elimination or reduction of the use of harmful elements in various stages of the manufacturing process or a product development setting. The unpredictable climatic changes and the environmental hazards produced by the industries made the researcher’s attention in this arena. At present, industries make an effort to produce their products greener. As a consequence, several biotechnological and biological applications join hands with green chemistry, making the manufacturing process not only greener but also economical. Enzymes are the result of the combination of green chemistry and biotechnology. In the current scenario, there is a need for new versatile enzymes to develop sustainable and economically competitive production processes. The present article reviews the types of enzymes obtained from plants and microorganisms used in different industries and their vital role in the conservation of an eco-friendly environment.

Impacts of Climate Change on Small Pelagic Fish Catches in the Coastal Artisanal Fishers Communities of Tanzania

Climate-related effects occur across all regions in Tanzania, affecting primary sectors such as agriculture and fishing. This study investigated the impacts of climatic change on small pelagic catches in fishers in Kilindoni, Kipumbwi and Kilwa Kivinje villages along the Tanzanian coast. We studied how changes in rainfall, sea surface temperature, wind speed and chlorophyll a affect small pelagic fisheries using primary and secondary data. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied. Primary data collection involved questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Secondary data was obtained from Tanzania Meteorological Agency and remote sensing from Modi's sensor. Results showed an increase in sea surface temperature (tau = 0.0151, 0.0121, 0.0238 for Kilindoni, Kilwa Kivinje and Kipumbwi, respectively) and unpredictable changes in rainfall patterns which affected small pelagic fisheries. The average rainfall was 284.6, 97.5 and 56.4 mm in Kilindoni, Kilwa Kivinje and Kipumbwi, respectively. In recent years, rain has been unreliable compared to the past 20 years. Unpredictable rainfall, increased sea surface temperature, wind speed and chlorophyll a had negatively impacted the small pelagic fishery. There was a strong relationship between the decline of small pelagic catches and climatic variables. The findings of this study have implications for coastal fisher's livelihood, income and food security.
 Keywords: Coastal communities; small pelagic fishery; climate change; fisheries; livelihood