Unprecedented Project Research Articles

Clinical guidelines for disseminated intravascular coagulation

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is defined as systemic intravascular coagulation activity that has been acquired in the presence of various underlying diseases and is outside local or compensatory control, and is a fatal condition. Although the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of DIC are well known in Japan, each clinician has a different understanding of DIC, which makes it difficult to standardize diagnosis and treatment. Even at the international level, perception of DIC varies widely. This makes it difficult for residents and novice clinicians to standardize routine care for DIC. To meet the demands of the times, my colleagues and I are currently working on a globally unprecedented project to develop guidelines for the treatment of DIC for each underlying disease (tentative title). This article will also review the status of past guidelines from inside and outside Japan.

Evaluation of cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile in a young adult population assisted by the family health strategy - LapARC Study

Abstract Background The LapARC study is a population-based cohort study designed to evaluate the cardiovascular (CV) risk profile of a young adult population (aged between 20 and 50 years old). It is an unprecedented project as it takes a closer look at a population who is expected to be healthy and, therefore are generally neglected when dealing with their CV health. The study indicates that this public can benefit not only from the early identification of CV risk factors but from public policies for primary prevention, most likely changing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the future. Purpose To evaluate the CV and metabolic risk profile of a young adult population living in a Brazilian metropolis, in the coverage area of the Family Health Strategy. Methods This is a cross-sectional study divided into two phases: The first one designed for the recruitment and registration of individuals and the second one being a longitudinal phase with the purpose of searching for CV outcomes within these patients. Sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis (electrical bioimpedance) and traditional CV risk factors were all recorded. Hypertension was diagnosed by office blood pressure (OBP) and home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) with a 7-day protocol. The metabolic profile was evaluated by blood biochemistry testing lipid profile (total and fractions) and glycemic levels (glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin for HOMA-IR calculation). Kidney function was assessed by serum creatinine and spot urine albuminuria. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) was screened by STOP-BANG questionnaire (SB) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Those with a high risk of OSA underwent portable home polysomnography monitoring. Results Of the 741 registered participants, 60% were female (mean age of 36.5 ± 9.0 years). Of these, 29% presented 3 or more risk factors. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity was 37%, 25% and 39%, respectively. A total of 44% of individuals were classified as sedentary and 15% smokers. Regarding the metabolic profile, 72% had dyslipidemia, 10% were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, 9% had glucose intolerance and only 3.1% had type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of hypertension was 28,7%. By refining the diagnosis through HBPM, the study identified that 9.9% of these individuals had masked hypertension and 9.1% white-coat hypertension, revealing that sustained hypertension had an actual prevalence of 9,7 %. Within the OSA screening, 28% were at high risk by the SB and 36% by the ESS, while 13% were at high risk by both questionnaires. For the diagnosis of OSA by polysomnography, 46% of the participants had OSA and from these, 23% had moderate/severe OSA. Conclusion Despite being a young and apparently healthy population, we identified a high CV risk within these participants, pointing to the importance of public policies aimed at this population concerning primary prevention of CV diseases.

Let's enjoy the heated "Debate Forum" (Gekiron Colosseo) at Makuhari Messe: A report of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Molecular Biology Society of Japan (MBSJ2022).

The 45th Annual Meeting of the Molecular Biology Society of Japan (MBSJ2022) was held at Makuhari Messe in Chiba Prefecture from November 30 to December 2, 2022. We decided to make MBSJ2022 as the place for heated discussion and organized the meeting with the theme for MBSJ2022, heated "Debate Forum" (Gekiron Colosseo in Japanese). We had more than 6000 participants, and we believe that the meeting was finally ended in great success, as approximately 80% of survey respondents were generally satisfied with MBSJ2022 (https://www.mbsj.jp/meetings/annual/2022/enq.html). To implement the heated "Debate Forum," we carried out many new projects; introduction of graphic abstracts, "Science Pitch," "Meet My Hero/Heroine," MBSJ-ASCB-EMBO joint sessions, a solo exhibition of Grant-in-Aid applications, a theme song, live classical music, elaborate photo booths, and a compact guide map, all together enabled close interaction among the participants. For the implementation of these unprecedented projects, here, I would like to summarize how we organized this meeting and our intentions.

Zoned, but not resolved: balancing environmental conservation and local development through comprehensive land use planning in Rondane, Norway

In 2007, the Norwegian Ministry of Environment initiated an unprecedented project of environmental conservation through land use planning, introducing buffer zones as measures to integrate local development with conservation of wild reindeer. Through studies of national policy developments and a case study of a planning processes and spatial zoning, using institutional theory, the paper investigates how competing policies and understandings of appropriate activities in the edge areas are reflected in zoning regulations and planning practice, and whether the buffer zone contributes to resolving conflicts in the edge areas. Competing national policies for the edge areas, a legal development favoring ecological buffering and a history of top-down management and local socio-economic marginalization results in removal of large parts of an existing ecological buffer zone and the creation of a new development zone. The integrated conservation and development approach has no advocates and while bearing much promise amounts to little.

Gatunek na usługach doktryny. Ideologia w polsko-enerdowskiej koprodukcji Milcząca gwiazda


 
 
 The East German-Polish co-production The Silent Star (1960, Kurt Maetzig) belongs to the group of early postwar Eastern European science fiction films which still remain barely examined by film and genre historians. The article summarizes the existing research on the film and investigates not only the specific formal character of Maetzig’s unprecedented project, but also the numerous ideological and political motivations which stood behind it.
 
 

Indigenous Routes and Resource Materialities in the Early Spanish Colonial World: Comparative Archaeological Approaches

The early colonial period witnessed new scales of connectivity and unprecedented projects of resource extraction across the Spanish Americas. Yet such transformations also drew heavily on preexisting Indigenous landscapes, technologies, and institutions. Drawing together recent discussions in archaeology and geography about mobility and resource materialities, this article takes the early colonial route as a central object of investigation and contributes to new emerging interpretive frameworks that make sense of Spanish colonialism in the Americas as a variable, large-scale, and materially constituted process. Using three case studies—theruta de Colónon the island of Hispaniola, the routes connecting the southeastern Caribbean islands with mainland South America, and theruta de la platain the south-central Andes—we develop a comparative archaeological analysis that reveals divergent trajectories of persistence, appropriation, and erasure in the region's routes and regimes of extraction and mobility during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

Уфа — культурный центр мусульман Российской империи на рубеже XIX–ХХ вв.: становление, развитие, наследие

Introduction. In the Southern Urals traditionally densely inhabited by Turkic peoples, the role of Ufa for the cultural and economic development of Bashkirs and Tatars was extremely important. Goals. The article highlights key moments in the formation of administrative, intellectual and economic resources in the Southern Ural capital, the systemic combination of which has turned Ufa into a center for the Muslim peoples of Russia’s East. The conceptual insight into cultural history of the multinational city presupposes analyses of religious, economic, and sociopolitical preconditions for its emergence. Materials. Along with historiographic data, the article investigates periodicals, archival documents, including a large array of reporting papers by the Volga-Kama Commercial Bank stored at the Russian State Historical Archives. Results. The early history of Ufa was associated with the existence of a Tatar settlement in the city and the shaping of a layer of non-Russian officials and nobility. The strategic efforts aimed at eliminating the influence of Central Asian and Turkish Muslims on co-religionists in the eastern outskirts of Russia resulted in an unprecedented project to create Orenburg Muftiate in Ufa. The latter’s activities became the main prerequisite for further concentration of intellectual and social resources of Russian Muslims in the city. The economic base of Muslim parishes with a full-fledged infrastructure — mosques, madrasas and maktabs — was largely formed by wealthy Ufa-based Muslim merchants. The role of Ufa in the social and political life of Russian Muslims can be traced through the development of the media, regional and national Muslim congresses. Conclusions. The development of Ufa as a center of Russia’s Turko-Islamic society contributes to the understanding of the phenomenon of cultural regionalism and its content.

BRICs Nations Growing Impact on the Global Health Sector

The most notable feature of the past five centuries of global economic history dating back from Colonial Age until the present accelerated globalization is the persistence of «North–South» division between the global rich and poor. This ground pattern has been falling apart over the last three decades with the rise of BRICs emerging economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China). The Chinese Belt and Road Initiative fosters further rapid growth and synergy among these large nations. This ambitious and historically unprecedented infrastructural project if successful can lead to a formation by 2049 of a huge common economic zone bringing opportunities for multilateral development to the BRICs. These profound changes have deep implications for the global health care sector. Previous research on health and pharmaceutical spending has clearly documented that low- and middle-income economies (LMICs), led by these emerging markets, have doubled their share in global health spending from roughly 20% up to approximately 40% in purchasing power parity terms. Alongside with these global developments, a decade ago, some of the leading Western academic centers, confirm new era of rising world’s geo-economic and geopolitical multipolarity. The world witnesses this process being accelerated today and seek deeper understanding how it will reflect on long term health and pharmaceutical expenditure trends, particularly in the leading BRICs emerging markets being a front runner of such evolution.The authors declare absence of conflict of interests.

France, Implementation of the Israeli Nuclear Program and the Discussion on this Issue

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Record productions establish RF-driven sources as the standard for generating high-duty-factor, high-current H- beams for accelerators (Winner of the ICIS 2017 Brightness Award).

The Spallation Neutron Source operates reliably at 1.2 MW and will gradually ramp to 1.4 MW. This paper briefly recalls some of the struggles when the unprecedented project was started and ramped to 1 MW over a 3½ year period. This was challenging, especially for the H- ion source and the low-energy beam transport system, which make up the H- injector. It took several more years to push the H- injector to the 1.4 MW requirements, and even longer to reach close to 100% injector availability. An additional breakthrough was the carefully staged, successful extension of the H- source service cycle so that disruptive source changes became rare events. More than 7 A·h of extracted H- ions have been demonstrated with a single source without maintenance, more than twice the single-source quantity of ions produced by any other high-current H- accelerator facility. Achieving the 1.4 MW requirements with close to 100% availability and record-breaking source service cycles were the basis for the 2017 Brightness Award.

Energía huilliche. Experimentos en integración y disensos ontológicos en un parque eólico

La isla de Chiloé, en el sur de Chile, fue el escenario de un proyecto sin precedentes: el desarrollo de un parque eólico donde la comunidad Huilliche, pueblo ancestral de la zona, sería propietaria del proyecto. Con el sostén del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, el proyecto buscaba apoyar la transición hacia una matriz eléctrica más limpia; pero sobre todo integrar de manera definitiva a los pueblos originarios en la sociedad chilena a través de su participación en empresas económicas de alto valor. Siguiendo la idea de la participación ciudadana como experimentación, en este artículo seguimos etnográficamente el proceso de gestación, desarrollo y posterior fracaso del proyecto. El caso, argumentamos, permite reflexionar sobre los riesgos de agresión cultural a los que están expuestos los experimentos participativos, pero también sobre su capacidad para abrir espacios productivos de especulación identitaria, ética y política. Acuñamos la figura de los “disensos ontológicos” para mostrar las ambivalencias de los experimentos participativos y para debatir sobre el futuro de la implicación de los pueblos originarios en el desarrollo eléctrico chileno.

Between entrenchment and ignorance: on justiciability and salient issues of constitutionalized socio-economic rights from Soma to Cerattepe

Due to unprecedented occupational accidents and various energy projects, socioeconomic issues have come to the fore in Turkey’s heavily loaded political agenda, but are not being discussed from a c...

Competition and co-operation for recognition and professional esteem in the literary translation industry

ABSTRACTCurrent literature on translation sociology often attributes the competitive disposition among freelance literary translators to a drive for symbolic capital. At the same time, co-operation has mostly been researched within the context of non-literary translation. This article aims to contribute to debates on the transposability of competitive and co-operative dispositions among freelance literary translators by examining a case study from Turkey. In an unprecedented collaborative project, 83 translators came together to render Sei Shōnagon’s classic The Pillow Book into Turkish as Yastıkname. The translation process coincided with the establishment of ÇEVBİR, the Professional Association of Translators in Turkey, which champions translators’ rights, promoting professionalization and co-operation. The study concludes that in a reputation-based industry, literary translators strive to garner more status for themselves while simultaneously engaging in co-operative networks to access and share a variety of resources and to enhance solidarity.

The Longevity of Roman Opałka

Between 1965 and his death in 2011, the Polish artist Roman Opalka completed one work of art, which he understood as synonymous with his life. It involved painting every number from one up to infinity on identically-sized canvases, and, over the ensuing forty-six years, he covered 233 paintings with minute white digits. This unprecedented project has generally been seen as an existential engagement with lived time, but in this essay I also consider Opalka’s practice in relation to historical time, as a vehicle of personal self-formation. His ongoing work enabled him to cultivate a sense of integrity; its extreme rigour was a conscientious response to his contemporary society. I argue that this model of defiant self-affirmation closely resembles that which Albert Camus articulated in his absurdist manifesto, The Myth of Sisyphus. As with the mythological figure of Sisyphus, Opalka’s self-worth was maintained through the unrelenting persistence of an action.

European Medieval and Renaissance Cosmography: A Story of Multiple Voices

The objective of this essay is to propose a cultural history of cosmography and cartography from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries. It focuses on some of the processes that characterized these fields of knowledge, using mainly western European sources. First, it elucidates the meaning that the term cosmography held during the period under consideration, and the scientific status that this composite field of knowledge enjoyed, pointing to the main processes that structured cosmography between the thirteenth century and the sixteenth century. I then move on to expound the circulation of cosmographic knowledge among Portugal, Venice and Lisbon in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. This analysis will show how cartography and cosmography were produced at the interface of articulated commercial, diplomatic and scholarly networks; finally, the last part of the essay focuses on the specific and quite distinctive use of cosmography in fifteenth-century European culture: the representation of “geo-political” projects on the world through the reformulation of the very concepts of sea and maritime networks. This last topic will be developed through the study of Fra Mauro’s mid-fifteenth-century visionary project about changing the world connectivity through the linking of several maritime and fluvial networks in the Indian Ocean, Central Asia, and the Mediterranean Sea basin, involving the circumnavigation of Africa. This unprecedented project was based on a variety of sources accumulated in the Mediterranean Sea basin as well as in Asia and in the Indian Ocean over the course of several centuries.

The Selfobject Function Revisited: Reaching Out Beyond the Individual

This article describes the unprecedented project being undertaken by members of the Israel Association for Self Psychology and the Study of Subjectivity, intended to reach out to weakened populations in Israeli society. To implement this, the project draws from self psychological psychoanalytic training, Buddhism, and the humanities. It is located in Lod, an underprivileged town. The whole project is based on a profound belief in contextuality and interconnectedness. In this regard, Buddhist wisdom complements self psychology and enriches it.

Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council-USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification

In the 1980s, the Institute of Physics of the Earth (IPE) in Moscow was challenged by the Soviet Academy of Sciences with an ambitious task to become the Soviet representative in an unprecedented joint project with the United States of America in a defense‐sensitive area. In 1986–1988, a series of experiments was held on two major nuclear test sites, in Nevada in the United States and Semipalatinsk in Kazakhstan, to prove the scientific possibility of verifying the exact location and yield of underground nuclear explosions. The story hardly sounds sensational; however, there are reasons to believe that it stands out in the chain of events that led to the current Comprehensive Nuclear‐Test‐Ban Treaty (CTBT). This paper marks the twenty‐fifth anniversary of the exceptional example of seismologists acting on the forefront of global politics. The majority of available materials on this project exist only as technical reports, protocols, and presentations. The course of events was covered extensively from the U.S. point of view by an American historian of science, K.‐H. Barth. His paper, as well as this article, argues that there are situations in which the critical mass of scientific knowledge can overpower the political pressure on the international scale (Barth, 2006); moreover, in times of a global threat, scientists can accumulate enough influence to become a strategic force for change. This paper attempts a glimpse of the international seismological research in nuclear arms control at the end of the Cold War through the lens of joint Soviet–American experiments in underground nuclear testing verifications from the historical rather than the geophysical point of view, and it is aimed at honoring the experiments as one of the independent research initiatives put forward by scientists that influenced the decisions of top government officials. The initiative was preceded by nearly 20 years of deadlock …

From Ada 9x to spaceport America

Ada 95, aka Ada9X at the time because we didn't know when we would be done, was a labor of love for most of us. A spectacular team was assembled from all over the world. I had the distinct pleasure and honor of being the Department of Defense Ada 9X Project Manager. The lessons I learned and the experience I gained allowed me to do many other things after Ada 95 was completed. I ran an Air Force space technology laboratory. I was responsible for building military satellites and launching them from the Cape. Currently, I am responsible for developing and operating the first purpose-built commercial spaceport. Looking back, the common thread through all of these endeavors is innovation, dedication, strong team work, and a passion for the job at hand. That can do spirit and boundless energy is a must for success and I have been fortunate to work on unprecedented projects with colleagues who possessed these qualities. Anecdotes from the Ada9X Project to today's emerging commercial space industry will be provided from my experiences and observations.

The Development of Ethics: A Historical and Critical Study

Editor's IntroductionWhen Oxford University Press sent us the three enormous volumes of Irwin's The Development of Ethics, we had two thoughts: First, the book is very important and demands a review; second, since human sacrifice is abolished in North America, it will be very difficult to find a reviewer. We handed the volumes to several interested persons, who in the end returned the books saying the task was beyond them. Then, my wife, a lifetime worker at that center of communal thought, the United Nations, suggested that we form a team to review the book. We put an announcement out on the Web, asking for reviewers to do a chapter each, at 250 words a review. We got several hundred volunteers, and chose 82 to review the 96 chapters of Irwin (reviewers got the chapters in Portable Document Format [PDFs], kindly supplied by Oxford). We got 81 of 82 reviews, 75 before the deadline, six slightly later. For purposes of completeness, I filled in the sole missing review. Would that the students in my seminars were so punctual! I would like to thank Elyse Turr at Oxford University Press for the PDFs, and my 82 reviewers for their expertise and diligence. I am grateful to all the volunteers who showed an interest in this strange and perhaps unprecedented project, and who patiently endured the vetting process. Special thanks is due to Laura di Summa, who coordinated all the pieces of this incredible puzzle. Did we accomplish something, something new, by mobilizing 82 minds to review one book? I hope so, but I can now only say what they say on television: “America, it's up to you.”

Use of Hydrologic and Hydrodynamic Modeling for Ecosystem Restoration

Planning and implementation of unprecedented projects for restoring the greater Everglades ecosystem are underway and the hydrologic and hydrodynamic modeling of restoration alternatives has become essential for success of restoration efforts. In view of the complex nature of the South Florida water resources system, regional-scale (system-wide) hydrologic models have been developed and used extensively for the development of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. In addition, numerous subregional-scale hydrologic and hydrodynamic models have been developed and are being used for evaluating project-scale water management plans associated with urban, agricultural, and inland costal ecosystems. The authors provide a comprehensive summary of models of all scales, as well as the next generation models under development to meet the future needs of ecosystem restoration efforts in South Florida. The multiagency efforts to develop and apply models have allowed the agencies to understand the complex hydrologic interactions, quantify appropriate performance measures, and use new technologies in simulation algorithms, software development, and GIS/database techniques to meet the future modeling needs of the ecosystem restoration programs.