Unpleasant Emotions Research Articles

Malls designed for inclusion? Emotional experience of irritating aspects of the mallscape that distance consumers with disabilities

PurposeThis study aims to identify the irritating aspects in the mall environment that impact shoppers with disability and explore the opportunities to design inclusive mall environments.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods design was used in which data collected using a survey (n = 1,434 shoppers with and without disability) were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) and repeated-measures two-way ANOVA. In addition, qualitative data were obtained from critical incident technique (CIT) stories (n = 521) from shoppers with and without disability.FindingsMall environmental irritants evoke feelings of irritation that mediate the impacts of “inconvenient ambient conditions,” “the annoying socialscape” and “overwhelming design and atmospherics” on decreased mall-visit frequency. Compared with shoppers without disability, shoppers with disability suffer more from these irritating aspects of the mall environment, as evidenced by significantly greater high-activation unpleasant emotions. The “poor access and accessibility” category of irritants mainly affects the mall experiences of shoppers with disability.Practical implicationsBased on the findings, this study offers spatial-, temporal-, social-, material- and virtual-oriented recommendations for the design of inclusive retail spaces. The authors suggest that people with disability have a unique “lived experience” perspective on retail environments and that solutions should be co-created based on ongoing consultations with shoppers and employees with disability.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study offers the first systematic, comprehensive comparison of the impact of environmental irritants on shoppers with and without disability and extends the literature on irritating aspects of retail environments from individual stores to malls.

Changes in the Development of Future Educational Leaders’ Social Competencies

Social competence is one of the basic key competencies of educational leaders, where the research aimed at targeted facilitation is absent. Thus, the study aims to verify the changes in the development of social competence and coping self-efficacy of future educational leaders within two courses (one-term course at university vs. one-year course at an educational non-profit institution) (university students of teaching branches: NUMB = 13; AMage = 27.8; SDage = 7.4; 29.4% men vs. participants of the educational institution: NNGO = 14; AMage = 38.6; SDage = 7.8; 21% men). The Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, CSES) assessed the overall level of coping self-efficacy and its four factors, and the Inventory of Social Competence (ISK – K) assessed four social competencies. Results showed a significant increase of low practical significance over time (pretest vs. retest) in the level of social orientation (in ISK – K) and an increase of medium significance in overall self-efficacy and in the ability to use strategies focused on problems and unpleasant emotions and thoughts (in CSES) among university students. After completion of the course, NGO participants increased (with a low practical significance) their SK-K levels of offensiveness and self-control and their CSES self-efficacy and ability to use strategies focused on problems and unpleasant emotions and thoughts. There were no significant differences between overall levels in the two courses. The study offers possible implications of social competence facilitation in the context of educational leader formation at Slovak schools.

Mid-Career Crossroads: Examining the Role of Wrong Career Choices in Triggering Professional Crises

Dissatisfaction with the job role can make someone miserable, it leads to anxiety, depression and an overall decrease in the quality of life. During the early years, many students compromise and take the wrong career under peer pressure, lack of awareness also leads to many choosing the wrong career options. In the highly competitive modern world, many individuals often compromise between their ideals and their actual jobs, leading too many people feeling challenged and questioning their abilities. Dissatisfaction with the job role leads to an overall decrease in performance and quality of work, interpersonal relationships of the individual are also affected due to these problems. Employees going through a mid-career crisis are uninspired and therefore lack career growth, contributing to more unpleasant emotions, failure to cope with these conditions can cause exposure to more stress and burnout. Supporting employees experiencing these feelings is highly important, for raising their capabilities and implementing both long and short-term goals. Before making any drastic decisions it is important to reevaluate the actions and look for alternate opportunities to eliminate the crisis. The present research has carried out primary data analysis to show the problems that are faced by individuals who have chosen the wrong careers.

Moral Disengagement in Counseling Psychologists in Situations of Professional Interaction with Clients

The focus of this research is moral disengagement as an internal mechanism of unethical behavior. In this work, it was studied in the context of the psychological counseling of Russian psychologists, in particular, in situations of professional interaction that can bring a potential threat to professional and personal identity. Moral disengagement serves to protect one’s self-concept and cope with unpleasant emotions. The study sample consisted of 200 people. Online survey and in-depth semi-structured interview methods were used to collect data. Results indicated a significant relationship between moral disengagement and empathy, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and psychological mindedness. Cluster analysis allowed to identify four profiles of respondents with different combinations of moral disengagement and personality factors. Thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with respondents from the selected groups made it possible to describe in detail of moral disengagement in situations of professional interaction among psychologists from the selected groups. Namely, factors accompanying high rates of moral disengagement were identified: lack of emphasis on the benefits of counseling for the client, self-accusation of the psychologist, the psychologist’s experience of professional failure, stigmatization of the client by the psychologist, confrontation with the client perceived by the psychologist, strong emotions of guilt, resentment and anger, difficulties with management of emotional states, self-defense motive, behavior associated with the risks of exploitation and harm to clients. This study not only deepens the understanding of the phenomenology of moral disengagement, but can also help reduce the risks of exploitation and harm to clients by increasing the awareness of psychologists regarding the operation of moral disengagement in situations of professional interaction.

The ABC of happiness: Validation of the tridimensional model of subjective well-being (affect, cognition, and behavior) using Bifactor Polytomous Multidimensional Item Response Theory

BackgroundHappiness is often conceptualized as subjective well-being, which comprises people's evaluations of emotional experiences (i.e., the affective dimension: positive and negative feelings and emotions) and judgements of a self-imposed ideal (i.e., the cognitive dimension: life satisfaction). Recent research has established these two dimensions as primary parts of a higher order factor. However, theoretical, conceptual, and empirical work suggest that people's evaluations of harmony in their life (i.e., the sense of balance and capacity to behave and adapt with both acceptance and flexibility to inter- and intrapersonal circumstances) constitutes a third dimension (i.e., the behavioral dimension). This tridemensional conceptualization of subjective well-being has recently been verified using Unidimensional Item Response Theory (UIRT) and Classical Test Theory (CTT). Here, we use a recently developed and more robust approach that combines these two methods (i.e., Multidimensional Item Response Theory, MIRT) to simultaneously address the complex interactions and multidimensionality behind how people feel, think, and behave in relation to happiness in their life. MethodA total of 435 participants (197 males and 238 females) with an age mean of 44.84 (sd = 13.36) responded to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (10 positive affect items, 10 negative affect items), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (five items), and the Harmony in life Scale (five items). We used Bifactor-Graded Response MIRT for the main analyses. ResultAt the general level, each of the 30 items had a strong capacity to discriminate between respondents across all three dimensions of subjective well-being. The investigation of different parameters (e.g., marginal slopes, ECV, IECV) strongly reflected the multidimensionality of subjective well-being at the item, the scale, and the model level. Indeed, subjective well-being could explain 64 % of the common variance in the whole model. Moreover, most of the items measuring positive affect (8/10) and life satisfaction (4/5) and all the items measuring harmony in life (5/5) accounted for a larger amount of variance of subjective well-being compared to that of their respective individual dimensions. The negative affect items, however, measured its own individual concept to a lager extent rather than subjective well-being. Thus, suggesting that the experience of negative affect is a more independent dimension within the whole subjective well-being model. We also found that specific items (e.g., “Alert”, “Distressed”, “Irritable”, “I am satisfied with my life”) were the recurrent exceptions in our results. Last but not the least, experiencing high levels in one dimension seems to compensate for low levels in the others and vice versa. ConclusionAs expected, the three subjective well-being dimensions do not work separately. Interestingly, the order and magnitude of the effect by each dimension on subjective well-being mirror how people define happiness in their life: first as harmony, second as satisfaction, third as positive emotions, and fourth, albeit to a much lesser degree, as negative emotions. Ergo, we argue that subjective well-being functions as a complex biopsychosocial adaptive system mirroring our attitude towards life in these three dimensions (A: affective dimension; B: behavioral dimension; C: cognitive dimension). Ergo, researchers and practitioners need to take in to account all three to fully understand, measure, and promote people's experience of the happy life. Moreover, our results also suggest that negative affect, especially regarding high activation unpleasant emotions, need considerable changes and further analyses if it is going to be included as a construct within the affective dimension of a general subjective well-being factor.

Tingkat Kecemasan Atlet Pencak Silat PSHT Wida Menghadapi Pertandingan Kota Wali Championship Tahun 2023

Pencak silat is a traditional martial art native to Indonesia. Achievement. PSHT Wida is one of the hermitages in Ungaran that educates beginner martial artists to become accomplished martial artists. An athlete's achievement requires physical, technical, and mental readiness. Anxiety is an unpleasant emotion, such as feeling uncomfortable, confused, anxious, and characterized by worry, disclosure, and fear which is sometimes experienced in different levels and situations. This research aims to determine the anxiety level of Pencak silat athletes at PSHT Wida in facing the 2023 Kota Wali Championship competition. This research method uses quantitative description with a cross-sectional design. Data collection used interviews and questionnaires to measure athletes' anxiety levels using the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) anxiety instrument. The sample in this study was PSHT Wida athletes who took part in the Kota Wali Championship, totaling 15 athletes. The research results showed that the anxiety level of competition athletes in the low category was 6.7% (1 athlete), in the medium category 20% (3 athletes), and in the high category 73.3% (11 athletes). From the data results, it can be explained that the anxiety level of PSHT Wida athletes in competitions is in the high category.

Role of Expectations and Emotions in Pre-service Teacher Identity Construction

The construct of Language Teacher Identity has garnered tremendous research interest over the past two decades with teacher aff ect – the relationship between emotional factors and teacher identity construction – as one of the areas of focus. Pre-service teachers (PSTs) enter the teacher education program (TEP) with expectations of becoming ‘good’ teachers. These are negotiated and mediated through the practicum experience that entails enormous emotional investment on the part of the PSTs as they experiment with their developing skills and knowledge to transact learning. This paper explores the role of expectations and emotions in the emerging identities of PSTs. It examines: a) PSTs’ beliefs about ‘good’ teachers which translate into expectations, b) teaching events involving pleasant and unpleasant emotions for PSTs infl uencing the construction of a positive and negative sense of identity as teachers and c) ways in which PSTs negotiate and adjust their emerging identities as language teachers vis-à-vis their expectations and emotions. Five PSTs enrolled in a TEP at a Central University in India are the participants of the study. Reflective journals, classroom observation, and oral narratives are used as tools to collect data which is analyzed qualitatively. The fi ndings reveal that PSTs use several coping strategies to combat unpleasant emotions that erode their fragile emerging identities while exercising agency all through to develop positive identities with the help of pleasant emotions.

A Corpus-Based Socio-Onomastic Analysis On Turkish And American Horror Film Naming

Both fear and horror have been extensively explored as universal unpleasant emotions with significant effects on psychological well-being. It is believed that horror is the feeling aroused when watching a horror film, and a sense of suspense and resolution is behind it. The present study explores how cultural, social, interactive, and cognitive contexts influence Turkish and American horror film naming. The present study aims to analyze Turkish and American horror film titles based on a socio-onomastic approach. So, 223 Turkish (1949-2021) and 2840 American (1898-2023) horror movie titles were investigated. The hypothesis was that Turkish horror film naming uses religious elements due to religious background. But according to the present study's findings, religious elements are also available in USA horror film naming. Yet, while making and naming their films, American horror film producers pay more attention to cultural events than Turkish filmmakers. On the other hand, the keywords used in naming Turkish and American horror films, regardless of their languages, were the same.

The relationship between charitable giving and emotional facial expressions: Results from affective computing

This study investigated the relationship between emotional states (valence, arousal, and six basic emotions) and donation size in pet charities, and it compared the effectiveness of affective computing and emotion self-report methods in assessing attractiveness. Using FaceReader software and self-report, we measured the emotional states of participants (N = 45) during the donation task. The results showed that sadness, happiness, and anger were significantly related to donation size. Sadness and anger increased donations, whereas happiness decreased them. Arousal was not significantly correlated with the willingness to donate. These results are supported by both methods, whereas the self-reported data regarding the association of surprise, fear, and disgust with donation size are inconclusive. Thus, unpleasant emotions increase donation size, and combining affective computing with self-reported data improves the prediction of the effectiveness of a charity appeal. This study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between emotions and charitable behavior toward pet charities and evaluates the effectiveness of marketing mix elements using affective computing. The limitations include the laboratory setting for this experiment and the lack of measurement of prolonged and repeated exposure to unpleasant charity appeals.

Medicalizing disabled people's emotions-Symptom of a dis/ableist society.

The theoretical-conceptual article at hand explores how emotional discourses shape social relations by specifically focusing on the medicalization of disabled- and chronically ill-people's emotions. Medicalization is a concept from medical sociology that describes medicine's expansion into non-medical life areas, for instance into the realm of emotions, sometimes in order to challenge this expansion. The emotions of disabled people are often presented as a medicalized problem, rather than recognizing their embeddedness in a dis/ableist socio-cultural context. Such discourses instrumentalize feelings in order to individualize the responsibility for disability. For a contextualized and emancipatory approach, this study reviews papers on medicalized emotions from Disability Studies-a research program that can provide a rich archive of experiential accounts yet to be theorized through a comprehensive emotional perspective. The medicalization of disabled people's emotions can manifest in different ways: (1) In a dis/ableist society, able-mindedness is compulsory; i.e., we fail to question that a healthy mind is the norm and something to strive for unconditionally. This is also true on an emotional level; after all, some medical diagnoses are based on the wrong degree or temporality of emotionality. (2) Unpleasant feelings such as sadness are misunderstood as symptoms of impairment rather than effects of discrimination. (3) The expression of hurt feelings, e.g., related to discrimination, can easily be dismissed as hysterical. This assumption epistemologically disables patients. (4) Love and desire are delegitimized as fetish, for example, the desire for a disabled lover or the wish to start a family despite a chronic illness. The medicalization of disabled people's emotions individualizes and delegitimizes unpleasant emotions that emerge in a dis/ableist society. Different facets of medicalization enforce medical treatment instead, albeit in different ways. Disabled and sick people are cast as not feeling and desiring the right way, while hegemonic discourse prescribes psychological treatment against the effects of discrimination and bodily symptoms it cannot explain. Beyond the dismissal of disabled people's experience, adverse effects on healthcare delivery and health outcomes can be expected.

Is wine an emotional object? Measurements of the subjective and automatic components of emotions in a wine-tasting situation

Wine is often described with emotional terms, such as surprising, disappointing, or pleasant. However, very little has been done to understand the role of emotions in wine tasting and characterise this link between emotions and wine. Many studies have looked at the extrinsic factors that can improve the emotional experience of tasters when discovering a wine, but few have been carried out on the emotional impact of the organoleptic characteristics of wines. The present study aims to determine if the automatic component of emotion has a measurable output (motor and physiological) when tasting wine. If so, does wine tasting induce a concomitant activation of the different components of emotion, such as subjective feelings or physiological and motor responses?Sixty-five connoisseurs tasted seven different red Bordeaux wines with different sensory properties and quality levels pre-defined by wine experts. Emotions were measured using subjective (subjective feelings measurement using self-declarative questionnaires) and automatic (physiological measurements such as skin conductance and heart rate, or motor measurements through facial expressions) methods. The results showed that there was a measurable physiological and motor emotional output in wine tasting. The results also highlighted that changes in the autonomic nervous system in a wine-tasting situation are structured around the dimensions of pleasantness and arousal. Motor measurements taken through facial expressions showed a marginally significant difference between wines providing pleasant and unpleasant emotions for the activation intensity of action units. The relationships established between these components, as well as their concomitant activation, allow us to define wine as an emotional object.

Neural correlates of social exclusion and overinclusion in patients with borderline personality disorder: an fMRI study

BackgroundInterpersonal difficulties of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are closely related to rejection sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to gain further insight into the experience and cerebral processing of social interactions in patients with BPD by using fMRI during experimentally induced experiences of social exclusion, inclusion, and overinclusion.MethodsThe study involved 30 participants diagnosed with BPD (29 female and 1 male; age: M = 24.22, SD = 5.22) and 30 healthy controls (29 female and 1 male; age: M = 24.66, SD = 5.28) with no current or lifetime psychiatric diagnoses. In the fMRI session, all participants were asked to complete a Cyberball task that consisted of an alternating sequence of inclusion, exclusion, and overinclusion conditions.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, participants with BPD reported higher levels of inner tension and more unpleasant emotions across all experimental conditions. At the neural level, the participants with BPD showed lower recruitment of the left hippocampus in response to social exclusion (relative to the inclusion condition) than the healthy controls did. Lower recruitment of the left hippocampus in this contrast was associated with childhood maltreatment in patients with BPD. However, this difference was no longer significant when we added the covariate of hippocampal volume to the analysis. During social overinclusion (relative to the inclusion condition), we observed no significant differences in a group comparison of neural activation.ConclusionsThe results of our study suggest that patients with BPD experience more discomfort than do healthy controls during social interactions. Compared to healthy participants, patients with BPD reported more inner tension and unpleasant emotions, irrespective of the extent to which others included them in social interactions. At a neural level, the participants with BPD showed a lower recruitment of the left hippocampus in response to social exclusion than the healthy controls did. The reduced activation of this neural structure could be related to a history of childhood maltreatment and smaller hippocampal volume in patients with BPD.

P139: Psychotherapy for Anxiety and Anxiety related symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment - A Case Treated with Morita Therapy-

Morita Therapy is a psychotherapy which originated in Japan. Conventionally, it had been applied to ‘neurosis’. The patients who have anxiety symptoms make various efforts in order to be free from the unpleasant emotion. Morita Therapy (1) does not try to eliminate anxiety and its symptoms and builds the patients’ attitude to leave these symptoms as a natural course, and (2) to focus on the feeling that they should aspire to enhancing their life and to encourage them to exert their lust for life. The authors presumed that this concept can be applied to anxiety symptoms in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and attempts to intervene. This case is for a male patient aged 74 years old with MCI with the complaint of subjective cognitive impairments. He had severe anxiety for his own cognitive impairment and recognized a severe decrease of Quality of Life (QOL) due to worrying about his own excessive anxiety. The authors implemented the therapeutic approach to address his anxiety and encouraged him to improve his QOL by accepting the anxiety, not excluding it. During the therapeutic process, various problems were evident, such as the caregiver’s excessive fear of dementia, so education about the nature of dementia was provided to dispel the stigma for the family members. As a result, the patient’s anxiety was decreased, and his daily activities were observed in spite of his subjective cognitive decline. This case suggested that Morita therapy was effective for anxiety symptoms in patients with MCI.

Multilevel Laser-Induced Pain Measurement with Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network- Gradient Penalty Model.

Pain is an experience of unpleasant sensations and emotions associated with actual or potential tissue damage. In the global context, billions of people are affected by pain disorders. There are particular challenges in the measurement and assessment of pain, and the commonly used pain measuring tools include traditional subjective scoring methods and biomarker-based measures. The main tools for biomarker-based analysis are electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography and functional magnetic resonance. The EEG-based quantitative pain measurements are of immense value in clinical pain management and can provide objective assessments of pain intensity. The assessment of pain is now primarily limited to the identification of the presence or absence of pain, with less research on multilevel pain. High power laser stimulation pain experimental paradigm and five pain level classification methods based on EEG data augmentation are presented. First, the EEG features are extracted using modified S-transform, and the time-frequency information of the features is retained. Based on the pain recognition effect, the 20-40[Formula: see text]Hz frequency band features are optimized. Afterwards the Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty is used for feature data augmentation. It can be inferred from the good classification performance of features in the parietal region of the brain that the sensory function of the parietal lobe region is effectively activated during the occurrence of pain. By comparing the latest data augmentation methods and classification algorithms, the proposed method has significant advantages for the five-level pain dataset. This research provides new ways of thinking and research methods related to pain recognition, which is essential for the study of neural mechanisms and regulatory mechanisms of pain.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPETENCIES OF THE PEDAGOGICAL STAFF IN THE CURRENT CRISIS SITUATION

Recently, the changes taking place in RA due to the long-term crisis situation (war, covid-19 consequences) are challenging for professional abilities, among which we specifically referred to the professional competencies of pedagogical staff and their changes based on the effects of the crisis. The paper presents the results of the study of the teaching staff competencies from the standpoint of mental activation, emotional tone and stress resistance parameters. Our goal is to show the manifestation of the above qualities as an additional resource in pedagogical activity, as well as the acquisition of new competencies. It is important to note that the modern conditions have been challenging for the professional competencies of pedagogical staff with the need to use technologies, as well as the changes that lie ahead came as a result of a number of effects caused by the crisis situation. Generally, the profession is made by competencies including the knowledge, skills and abilities and in crisis situation these components becoming the target. Pedagogical staff’s stress can be represented as the experience by a teacher of unpleasant emotions, such as tension, frustration, anxiety, anger, and depression, resulting from aspects of work as a teacher [9,11]. In recent years, steadily increasing costs and consequences of pedagogues’ stress has received growing concern. To reduce the negative effects stress has on pedagogues, more attention needs to be placed on these growing effects of the crisis [10]. Pedagogical stress is caused by environmental factors as well as individual characteristics. Major environmental factors include poor working conditions, scarcity of resources, heavy workloads, low level of ability to adapt to crisis situations, low level of openness to experience, emotional tone and etc.

Academic Emotions and Regulation Strategies: Interaction with Higher Education Dropout Ideation

(1) Introduction: This article addresses the relationship between students’ emotional experiences—mediated by their regulation strategies—and their intention of dropping out. (2) Materials and Methods: An ad hoc questionnaire was designed based on Pekrun’s Control-Value Theory of Achievement Emotions focusing on three different settings (study, classroom, and exam). Data were collected from 2183 university students. Descriptive, frequency, and correlation analysis were conducted. Also, linear regression analyses and scatter plots were performed. A comparative regression analysis was used with the aim of facilitating the understanding of the mediating effect of emotional regulation strategies. (3) Results: Academic emotions were found to have a significant impact on dropout ideation. The effects of emotional regulation strategies as significant moderators in this relationship were observed, exhibiting variations depending on the context. (4) Discussion: Dropout ideation escalates in the presence of elevated levels of unpleasant emotions and diminished levels of pleasant emotions. The utility of possessing effective emotional regulation strategies becomes evident in mitigating dropout ideation during emotionally challenging academic situations.

Good performance in difficult times? Threat and challenge as contributors to achievement emotions and academic performance during the COVID-19 outbreak.

The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as one of the most formidable global crises, leading to the disruptions to education systems worldwide and impacting learning attitudes and psychological well-being of various learner groups, including university students. In this context, students' appraisals of adverse learning situations play a key role. It is not just the learning situation, but rather students' appraisal of it which impacts their emotions, attitudes, and behaviors in academic context. The aim of the present study was to investigate how university students' challenge and threat appraisals were related to emotional learning experiences and learning outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the study focuses on the role of personal and external resources for learning in this context. Altogether, 428 students, who attended a Psychology lecture at one Austrian university, filled in a questionnaire about their challenge and threat appraisals of learning circumstances during the COVID-19 pandemic, achievement emotions they experienced during this time as well as gender, proneness to anxiety, academic self-concept, and learning resources. Additionally, students' performance in the examination was recorded. The structural equation model emphasizes a crucial role of challenge and threat appraisals for students' achievement emotions in learning and exam preparation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Challenge appraisals were the strongest predictor for pleasant emotions and threat appraisals were strongest predictor for unpleasant emotions. Proneness to anxiety was related to threat appraisal as well as to experience of more unpleasant and, surprisingly, to positive emotions in adverse learning situation. Academic self-concept and learning resources were identified as important resources for learning in adverse learning situation. Unpleasant achievement emotions were directly and negatively related to academic performance and may thus be seen as a critical variable and crucial obstacle to academic performance. The present study provides implications for learning and instructions which could be implemented by universities in order to support learning and learning attitudes among university students in adverse learning situations.

No Peace for the Wicked? Immorality Is Thought to Disrupt Intrapersonal Harmony, Impeding Positive Psychological States and Happiness.

Why do people think that someone living a morally bad life is less happy than someone living a good life? One possibility is that judging whether someone is happy involves not only attributing positive psychological states (i.e., lots of pleasant emotions, few unpleasant emotions, and satisfaction with life) but also forming an evaluative judgment. Another possibility is that moral considerations affect happiness attributions because they tacitly influence attributions of positive psychological states. In two studies, we found strong support for the second hypothesis. Moral considerations only appear to affect happiness attributions when they also affect attributions of positive psychological states. Additionally, both studies supported a hypothesis about why moral judgments have these effects. Specifically, we found that when people judge that someone is living a bad life, they infer that the person is not at peace with themselves. However, when this inference is blocked, moral considerations do not affect attributions of happiness or positive psychological states. In sum, although "happiness" appears to be a purely psychological concept, happiness judgments are sensitive to moral considerations because people often assume that immorality disrupts intrapersonal harmony.

Efficacy of Hypnotic Guided Imagery (HGI) Towards People with Depression

It is well known that people with depressive illnesses are not very satisfied with their lives. There is a need to reduce depression’s symptoms in such ways so that the burden can be reduced. An intervention called Hypnotic Guided Imagery (HGI) was purposed to address this problem. Previously, HGI has been proven to be effective as a therapy to decrease depressive symptoms towards people with depression. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of HGI in virtual setting as a psychotherapy substitute for individuals with depressive disorders. This study employs an experimental methodology and a control group with a pretest-posttest design. Participants included up to 10 Indonesians that suffers from depression that was diagnosed earlier by doctors. They were split into intervention and control groups and the PANAS-X and PHQ-9 were given to the participants before and after intervention as an instrument to test the efficacy of HGI. Hypothetically, HGI has the capability to decrease depressive symptoms among people with depression. Proven, HGI has an effect on both the reduction of some unpleasant emotions and the enhancement of other positive ones. This promising finding leads to the conviction suggesting HGI has many more to offer.

Emotion Detection for Health and Well-being in Short Messaging Systems

The exposure to unpleasant emotions or content in messages can lead to health complications, including high blood pressure and several heart-related disorders. Hence, the identification of unpleasant emotions in written content can serve as a beneficial instrument in addressing certain health-related issues. Emotions can be communicated through diverse modalities, including written text, spoken language, and facial gestures. The objective of this work is to create a Text-based emotion detection system that possesses the capability to accurately identify emotions within text messages. The use of message filtering mechanisms that detect and block content containing negative emotions can serve as a preventive measure to shield users from accessing messages that have the potential to adversely impact their well-being. Conversely, messages that convey positive or neutral emotions remain accessible for comprehension. In order to accomplish this objective, a combination of three machine learning algorithms, namely Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, and Logistic Regression, were employed, adhering to the CRISP-DM approach. The Logistic Regression technique achieved the greatest accuracy rate of 98.4% and was employed in the construction of the detection system. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) of the system was developed utilizing HTML and CSS, with the integration of diverse components to establish a comprehensive and operational interface for the user.