Unpleasant Consequences Research Articles

Routes to failure: Analysis of chemical accidents using the HFACS

Serious and similar chemical accidents frequently occur, which prompts continuous exploration of an effective way to prevent chemical accidents. The purpose of learning from accidents is to prevent the recurrence of similar incidents. An in-depth exploration of the causes is a prerequisite to ensure the effectiveness of learning from accidents. The interactions among causes can explain how a particular sequence of events results in an incident with unpleasant consequences. This research aimed to provide a more concrete and intuitive understanding of the interaction of causes and represent the routes to failure, showing how the chemical accidents happened. One hundred one chemical accidents were analyzed through the extended Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) containing manifestations, and the associations between the high-frequency manifestations of adjacent levels were evaluated using Fisher's exact test. 21 groups of significant associations were identified, which clearly show how the manifestations at the upper level of the HFACS predict the adjacent lower level manifestations. A variety of potential failure paths for chemical accidents were presented, which need to be given more attention in developing future preventive measures. This work provides a new perspective and a theoretical basis for the prevention of chemical accidents.

Prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment of Traveler’s diarrhea

Evidence still indicates that traveler’s diarrhea might have unpleasant consequences over the affected patients’ time and health, and can increase the frequency of hospitalization and other health-related parameters. As a result of the newly developing serious issues about the resistance of bacteria to the different antibiotics, the management guidelines of traveler’s diarrhea are frequently changing based on this new data to ensure that proper management is delivered to the affected patients and enhance the healthcare practices. In the present literature review, we have discussed the diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis against traveler’s diarrhea based on evidence from the current investigations in the literature. The diagnosis of the condition is mainly based on the presence of symptoms suggestive of gastroenteritis, and having a travel history to an endemic country. Besides, cultures might be needed in certain situations to indicate the diagnosis, especially among resistant cases. The best prophylactic approach is to enhance the eating and drinking practices when travelling to endemic countries, in addition to the frequent washing of ingested food by clean water that is obtained from a safe source. The administration of antibiotics is not always recommended, and only moderate and severe cases should be indicated to receive antibiotics based on their clinical evaluation. The administered antibiotics should be based on the resistance and safety profiles among each country to enhance the efficacy of these antibiotics and obtain favorable outcomes.

Anattempt to rebuild the world "in the American way"

Trump’s foreign policy was controversial, resulting in division into its supporters and adversaries both at national and international levels. Donald Trump managed to be flexible in relations with the Legislative, ignoring the democratic majority in the House of Representatives. However, it was possible only before the Covid-19 pandemic. Donald Trump’s foreign policy prioritized American capital that determined US relations with the EU, Canada, and Latin America. As for relations with Russia, they were defined by the Ukrainian crisis. Disarmament is still a cornerstone in Russian American relations. The US has complicated relations with countries in Latin America, the Middle East, and the Persian Gulf despite all efforts. The UN’s reform and the Security Council, where the three great powers primarily make decisions, are still questioned. The US divides Europe into three parts; Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and Russia with Belarus. These Europes have different views on US foreign policy. Republican administration aimed at the expansion of the national power and provision of global leadership. However, the implementation methods were questionable and led to some unpleasant consequences for the US allies. Some of them decided to wait, some prepared for the worst, some tried to adapt to Trump’s policy since it reflected the long-term changes of the US standing in the world regardless of the party or the president. As a result, such policy led to the defeat of the Republicans and brought Joe Biden to power.

Detection of Air Pollution and Its Adverse Effects on Human Health

The magnitude of Air contamination in advanced countries is depreciating drastically as observed in ongoing analysis as compared to previous decade. Notwithstanding, in developing nations and countries pursuing industrialization and automation, the moderate significant levels of air contamination still serves as a threat, in spite of that the levels have been gradually decreasing or have remained static during fast monetary improvement. Recently, hundreds of examinations in accordance with spread and management of disease have risen demonstrating unpleasant healthy consequences concern with present moment and prolong exposure to the toxins present in the air. Periodic research and studies held in Asian and developed areas moreover indicated comparative healthy outcome on impermanence of humanity related with association to particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to those examined in Europe and North America.The Present work is an effort to critically analyze the air pollution by machine learning and its adverse effects on Human Health.

Legal Risk Management in Nursing Practice: The Importance of Duty of Care

The steady and continued rise in medical-related disputes and lawsuits is one indicator of the myriad risks and challenges faced in today's nursing practice. When nurses become defendants, the lengthy litigation process and pressures that ensue greatly impact their professional and personal lives. Nursing practice dispute categories marked by particularly high severity and frequency over the past ten years include: (1) Failure to operate according to standard procedures, (2) Insufficient nursing sensitivity and negligent care, (3) Failure to communicate and deal with issues promptly and appropriately, (4) Beyond the scope of nursing practice, and (5) Falsification or alteration of nursing records. In this paper, the important duties of care in four major nursing practices are first summarized based on the relevant legal risks. Next, based on this, risk management procedures are prioritized, evidence-oriented nursing routine standards are set, and systematic analysis and management are conducted. In addition, to strengthen the legal awareness of nurses, nursing staffs, supervisors, and institutions must all understand clearly the three types of civil and criminal legalliabilities and their respective administrative responsibilities. Nurses should proactively work to handle the related legal risks and avoid the unpleasant consequences of civil liability in the realms of compensation, criminal punishment for negligent injury and homicide, and administrative disciplinary action.

Effectiveness of Ice Pack Application on Level of Pain and Bruise Formation among Patients Receiving Subcutaneous Low Molecular Weight Heparin at Selected Hospitals of City

Background: Bruising is one of the most common adverse events following administration of enoxaparin sodium, which can lead to unpleasant consequences such as reduced access to various sites for injection, reduced satisfaction of patients from treatment and care provided. Cold application is helpful for better management of these side effects which could be easily accessible and economical for the patients. Cold application appears to be cheaper and easily available. Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of ice pack application on level of pain and bruise formation among patients receiving subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin. Method: Quasi experimental nonequivalent control group posttest only design was adopted. The population comprised of 60 patients receiving subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin from selected hospitals of Pune. Sample of the study were 60 patients receiving subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin patients selected by convenient sampling. The patients in experimental group were provided with ice pack application before receiving subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin to reduce the level of pain and bruise formation. Data was collected by using numerical pain scale, visual analog scale and transparent ruler scale. Result: The study findings showed that average numerical pain score in experimental group was 3.87 and 6.33 in control group. Bruise size was measured in cm. In experimental group Average bruise formation size was 0.0233 after 24 hours of injection, 0.1633 after 48 hours of injection and 0.1766 after 72 hours of injection compared to control group 0.2733 after 24 hours of injection, 0.3933 after 48 hours of injection and 0.4066 after 72 hours of injection. There is significant difference in mean scores of experimental and control group. Conclusion: The findings of the study shows that the ice pack application is effective in reducing the level of pain and bruise formation among patients receiving

Clear requirement text matters

Many “How to Write Good Requirements” guidelines seek to prevent programs from overrunning, being mired in delays, or suffering a flight catastrophe. It is rare, however, to see concrete examples that unambiguously shed light on why these best practices are necessary.This paper cites several space mission mishaps to emphasize a need for clear requirement text preparation. It explores three common genres of flaws with the text of requirements: numbers that do not have well-defined units or tolerance ranges, clauses that are ambiguous in their intention, and statements that lump multiple requirements together.Government and industry guidance rail against these three kinds of text flaws and prescribe rules to catch them. Yet poorly worded requirements still occur routinely, likely because most authors do not realize how faulty text can have severe consequences. By recounting past failures, the authors hope to motivate the readers into heeding simple, if mundane, rules and thus be spared from the unpleasant consequences of ill-written requirements.

EARLY AND LATE POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH LOCALIZED AND LOCALLY ADVANCED RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

Background: Modern Russian statistics show that the percentage of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) among all oncological diseases has increased and amounted to almost 5% in 2019. The main method of treating RCC is radical nephrectomy in localized RCC, which is supplemented by the removal of regional lymph nodes in locally advanced RCC. Aim: To evaluate early and late postoperative complications in patients with localized and locally advanced renal cell carcinoma. Methods: We’ve analyzed the results of surgical treatment and postoperative complications in 378 patients with clinically proven localized and locally developed RCC. Results: The total number of complications after surgical treatment of patients with localized and locally advanced RCC was 24 (6.3%) patients. Moreover, in the treatment of the localized form of RCC, postoperative complications are 3 times less common than in the locally advanced form of RCC (p <0.05). The most common complication after surgical treatment of RCC was bleeding which we observed in 11(2.9%) patients. Conclusion: After surgical treatment of RCC, the proportion of complications is not high, but they can have unpleasant consequences. In the late postoperative period the most common complication bleeding is followed by lymphorrhea and urinary tract infections.

BASIC PROBLEMS WITH THE USE OF RESILIENT DENTURE LINING MATERIALS: LITERATURE REVIEW

Complicated cases in the treatment of totally edentulous patients, as well as in the fabrication of obturators and epitheses, require the use of resilient lining materials (RLMs). These materials have several disadvantages, which is why many dental practitioners do not recommend them. The tendency to breaking the bond between the hard acrylic resin and the resilient liner is a fact with unpleasant consequences, mainly found with the use of cold-curing silicone-based resilient liners. Methods to improve the bond between the hard denture base and the RLM have been the subject of numerous publications. The efforts of the authors are focused in two directions: mechanical or chemical treatment of the denture base or a combination of both. Other commonly discussed problems with the use of RLMs are the difficult and even impossible repair and the retention of oral fluids, fungi and other microorganisms due to the porosity of RLMs. Despite the wide variety of tools offered by different manufacturers, the issue of optimal and high-quality mechanical treatment of the polymerized resilient material has not yet been fully resolved.

Workplace Violence Against Emergency Nurses: A Literature Review.

Violence against health care providers is one of the most pressing problems faced by health care systems around the world. Because of unpredictability and acuity of emergency cases, emergency nurses are more vulnerable to workplace violence. Violence against emergency nurses is a complex and multidimensional problem that has a devastating impact on the physical, psychological, and social well-being of nurse victims. The purpose of this review is to integrate evidence on manifestations, contributing factors, and consequences of workplace violence perpetrated by patients and/or their relatives against emergency nurses, in addition to behavioral responses of emergency nurse victims toward workplace violence. An integrative review was conducted by searching 3 main electronic databases: Web of Sciences, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review process. The review identified the most common forms, contributing factors, unpleasant consequences of workplace violence, and behavioral reaction of nurse victims toward violence acts. Reporting rates of workplace violence among emergency nurses were found to be low. It is recommended to develop more effective workplace violence prevention and reporting programs.

УСЛОВНО ЭССЕНЦИАЛЬНЫЕ МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТЫ В ПИТАНИИ ВЕГЕТАРИАНЦЕВ И ВЕГАНОВ: ФТОР, КРЕМНИЙ, БРОМ, БОР

A brief review of the physiology of conditionally essential trace elements and their status among vegetarians and vegans is presented. To date, the biological role of conditionally essential trace elements has been studied much worse than the role of essential trace elements and, especially, macroelements. Nevertheless, they perform a number of important functions in the human body, and the development of their deficiency may lead to unpleasant consequences. Fluorine plays an important role in calcium-phosphorus metabolism and bone tissue development. In addition, it is necessary to maintain normal oral flora. With its deficiency, the risk of osteoporosis development increases while the resistance of tooth enamel to bacterial damage decreases. Despite the evidence that vegetarians are more likely to develop caries than omnivores, it is premature to conclude that they are poorly supplied with fluoride, primarily because drinking water is still the main source of fluoride. The most studied function of silicon is its involvement in the collagen synthesis. Thus, with silicon defi-ciency, the formation of connective tissue, including the organic matrix of the bones, is disturbed. Despite the fact that silicon is mainly found in plant foods, vegans should be mindful about its status, since they have an increased risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis. There is a lack of data on the physiological significance of bromine. Presumably, it is involved in the activa-tion of certain digestive enzymes, inhibitory processes in the nervous system. Although vegetarians and vegans seem to consume less bromine than omnivores, they are probably at a higher risk of intoxication with this element. This is due to the fact that bromine-containing pesticides are actively used in agriculture and can accumulate in plants. Vegetarians and vegans consume more plant foods. The situation is aggravated by the fact that bromine accumulates more actively against the background of iodine deficiency, which is often observed in these population groups. Boron plays a role in the glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as in the vitamin D, calcium and phosphates exchange, thus participating in the formation of an inorganic matrix of bones. It is unlikely that vegetarians and vegans have an increased risk of developing nutritional deficiency of boron compared to omnivores. However, considering data on a higher risk of vitamin D and calcium deficiency and osteoporosis, monitoring and correction of boron status can affect the prevalence of metabolic disturbances in bone tissue among vegans.

Some Unpleasant Consequences of Testing at Length*

AbstractWe show that, when performance on a math test depends on students’ endurance, longer tests do not necessarily provide a more accurate measure of students’ competencies or a higher correlation between the ranking of classes (or schools) based on test performance and the ranking based on the underlying competencies. We revisit the finding that female teenagers are better able to sustain performance during a math test by considering younger pupils, who were tested in Italian primary schools during their second and fifth grade. We find evidence of a gender gap in the ability to sustain performance only in the higher grade, suggesting that this gap develops during primary school.

The use of polyurethane foam waste resulting from the technological process of insulation of refrigeration enclosures in obtaining constructions panels with sound-absorbing and thermally insulating properties

Refrigerated enclosures - refrigerators, refrigerated units, vans for transporting perishable goods are thermally insulated with polyurethane foam. The insulation process involves the pressure injection of the component reactants into the spaces to be insulated. Following the polyaddition reaction, the foaming-expansion process takes place with an increase in volume. Finally, a spongy polymeric mass is obtained, which filled the spaces where insulation had to be carried out and which also generated an excess of material which is subsequently removed by mechanical means. Excess material results from the initial dosage of the insulation material and must exist to ensure that the spaces to be insulated are completely filled. Polyurethane foam waste is a real problem for several reasons. With a large volume, it takes up a lot of storage space with unpleasant consequences, polyurethane foam is a slightly non-degradable reactive material that persists in the environment. The combustion of polyurethane foam waste is not an option to be adopted because the combustion, in addition to CO2, also results a series of particularly toxic substances: isocyanates, phosgene, cyan.

The American Dreams and Nightmares of Polish Immigrants

This article focuses on the theme of the American Dream and its dark side in relation to Polish immigration to America. It attempts to explain various reasons behind Polish immigration based on the immigrants’ age and social status, as well as the unpleasant consequences of their decision to leave their homeland. The issues faced by Polish immigrants and Polish Americans can be better understood in the light of a brief outline of the sociopolitical situation in Poland. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the negative effects of immigrants’ belief in the American Dream and to shed light on the intergenerational identity of Polish Americans.

Role Of Kinesitherapy After Injuries Of The Musculoskeletal System In Athletes. Sports Injuries

Sports, exercise and training have always been part of the lives of a large percentage of people. One of the inevitable and unpredictable things that every active athlete faces is sports injuries or the so-called sports trau-matism. There is hardly anyone who does sports, be it professional or just training in his free time, who has not faced the unpleasant consequences caused by some kind of trauma that would limit his motor regime for a cer-tain period of time. Any injury that is directly related to the performance of motor activity during a competition or training is called a sports injury. Statistically, there is a drastic increase in the number of sports injuries. Kinesitherapy oc-cupies a major place in the lives of active athletes. Its applications are numerous, and the positive results after its implementation prove the effectiveness of active treatment after trauma and reduce the risk of new ones.

Zastosowanie modeli logitowych do zdiagnozowania zagrożenia bankructwem przedsiębiorstw

W artykule zostały zaprezentowane wybrane modele regresji logistycznej, które służą do analizy przedsiębiorstw w zakresie zagrożenia bankructwem jak i zmiany w sytuacji finansowej. Jak wynika z literatury z zakresu finansów do oceny kondycji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa należy zastosować odpowiednie metody. Błędna ocena może przynieść przykre konsekwencje dla przedsiębiorstwa, w postaci podjęcia nietrafionych decyzji przez zarządzających, odmowy udzielenia kredytu bankowego lub niepodjęcia współpracy przez dostawców i odbiorców. Celem artykułu była weryfikacja skuteczności predykcji 12 modeli regresji logistycznej, które pozwalają na dokonanie oceny zagrożenia bankructwem przedsiębiorstwa a także zajęcia stanowiska odnośnie przyszłej kondycji finansowej. Próba badawcza wynosiła 40 przedsiębiorstw, w tym 8 przedsiębiorstw, dla których został złożony wniosek o upadłość. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych badań, poszczególne modele odznaczają się różną sprawnością ogólną, która wyniosła od 54% do 98%. Ponadto wykazano, że wraz ze wzrostem wskaźników analizy finansowej użytych w konstrukcji funkcji nie zwiększa się sprawność poszczególnych modeli. Autor podsumowuje, że w celu uniknięcia ryzyka przeprowadzenia niewiarygodnej oceny kondycji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa, należy zastosować co najmniej kilka modeli logitowych.

A. Selowij. Zur Symphyseotomie. (Centralbl. F. Gynäk., 1894, no. 36). On the question of symphysiotomy

The author considers symphysiotomy to be an unnecessary operation, not devoid of unpleasant consequences and dangers for the mother.

Risky Sexual Behavior and Associated Factors among Adolescents Aged 15-19 Years at Governmental High Schools in Aksum Town, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019: An Institution-Based, Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction The impact of risky sexual practice on the general health of adolescents is enormous; little attention has been given on identification and intervention plans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find the magnitude of risky sexual behavior and associated factors among adolescents aged 15-19 years in high schools at Aksum town, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at governmental high schools of Aksum town. We recruited a total of 659 adolescents aged 15-19 years by using a systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected with a face-to-face interview. An Amharic version of the sexual risk behavior scale was used to measure risky sexual behaviors. The patient health questionnaire 9, the Oslo-3 social support scale, and an adverse childhood experience questionnaire were used to assess the factors. The coded data were entered into EpiData v.4.1 and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were done. An adjusted odds ratio at a p value < 0.05 with 95% confidence interval was taken to declare statistical significance. Result A total of 644 students have participated with a response rate of 97.7%. The prevalence of risky sexual behavior among adolescents aged 15-19 years was found to be 17.2%. Factors like poor social support (AOR = 5.59, 95% CI: 2.71-11.53), living out of family (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.21-3.07), experiencing parental neglect (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.18-2.94), and drinking alcohol (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.55-4.20) were statistically associated with risky sexual behavior. Conclusion and Recommendations. The prevalence of risky sexual behavior was found to be alarming among adolescents of high school aged 15-19 years. This can significantly affect health quality in the community and the country at large. We recommend setting strategies that are against the determining factors of risky sexual behavior; the control of alcoholic beverages among adolescents aged 15-19 years must be enhanced, and awareness creation must be made regarding its unpleasant consequences.

Surgical debridement of corneal shield ulcers in pediatric patients: two case reports and a review of the literature

BackgroundOcular allergy is a common disease, especially in the pediatric population, with unpleasant and long-term consequences, including corneal complications and decreased visual acuity. This study reports two cases of corneal shield ulcer due to vernal keratoconjunctivitis, with good results of surgical debridement performed after failure of long-term clinical treatment. Furthermore, this study highlights that this therapeutic approach, although less common, is efficient in treating refractory cases that cause suffering in pediatric patients.Case presentationThe first patient was a 7-year-old Caucasian boy with chronic ocular allergy, especially photophobia, who had been treated with eye drops, antihistamine, and corticosteroids for 60 days without success. Biomicroscopy of the right eye showed the presence of gelatinous limbus, giant papillae in the tarsal conjunctiva, and a shield ulcer measuring 6.0 mm vertically and 2.7 mm horizontally. Surgical debridement was performed, and the ulcer did not recur. The second patient was a 4-year-old Caucasian boy with chronic ocular allergy, especially itching and photophobia, who had been treated with eye drops for 1 year without success. Biomicroscopy of the left eye showed a shield ulcer, with a dense central corneal plaque, measuring 8 mm vertically and 3.5 mm horizontally. Surgical debridement of the ulcer was performed immediately because of the chronicity of the case and severity of the lesion, and the treatment was effective.ConclusionsThe treatment of shield ulcers caused by vernal keratoconjunctivitis in the two reported cases was curative and definitive by surgical debridement in the 7-month follow-up period. Therefore, the early debridement of shield ulcers refractory to drug treatment can considerably reduce the time of disease evolution and the probability of ocular complications caused by clinical treatment or disease chronicity. However, this approach is rarely described in the literature and needs to be included in the ophthalmologist’s therapeutic arsenal.

Global-Local Actors and the Political Economy of Food Policy in Nigeria

Since independence in 1960, there have been several policies on food and agriculture in Nigeria. Each of these policy decisions with other associated initiatives and programmes were aimed at achieving food self-sufficiency and hence propel the country towards a food economy that is dependable and sustainable; which is a sine qua non for food security. However, lots of ambiguities and grail areas are imbedded in the Nigerian Agricultural and food Policies due to the inherent political and economic interests of the many actors involved in the policy making and implementation processes; in practical neglect of the people‟s desires and food preferences. This paper argues that actors at both global and local levels have had influences in the food policy making process in Nigeria with attendant unpleasant consequences on the country‟s food security. The identified actors within the context of this paper include: The World Bank, The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, and other transnational agri-business on one hand, and the government, political elites, and some influential farmers, on the other. The economic and political interests of these various actors had been a major stumbling block in the accomplishment of the food security in Nigeria.