Unofficial Versions Research Articles

The glocalization of The Daily Show

ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the domestic success and international growth of The Daily Show (TDS) targeting specifically the Jon Stewart period (Comedy Central, 1999–2015), It then focuses on the glocalization of the program resulting in an official Dutch version The Daily Show: Nederlandse Editie that appeared on Dutch Comedy Central in 2011 and two contrasting unofficial versions, Al Bernameg (Arabic: البرنامج‎) broadcast on CBC/OnTV Egypt, 2011–2013 and then MBC MASR in 2014, and the Heute Show that has been on ZDF since 2009. This article concludes that the glocalization of TDS allowed a faux news satire show with universal appeal to take advantage of an emerging global media environment shaped by cross-cultural exchanges between the global and the local. By comparing and contrasting the three foreign versions, a blueprint for a sustainable glocalized TDS franchise emerges: a stable political environment, local relevance and the protection of a public channel.

Re-Thinking of History in Glasnost-Period Georgian Official Press

This article represents the independent part of the broad academic project conducted by the author at Tbilisi State University. The article, on the basis of triangulation content analysis of four official publications of the Glasnost-period Soviet Georgia during 1986-1990, studies the trends of the process of re-writing of the past declared by the last Soviet Authorities. The main focus of the article is an inter-replacement of official and unofficial versions of histories in Georgia, or expressing more imaginably—yesterday as today or restoration of historical truth and justice as ideological change. The author concerns discursive and non-discursive realities in Glasnost-Period official press in Soviet Georgia. The term “official publications” implies newspapers that were official bodies of the Soviet and communist-party authorities of Georgia. The range of these publications in the article includes Georgian-language and Russian-language dailies, as well as the official youth press in both languages. The hypotheses of the study are posed to: 1) the time dimension of the re-assessment of history; and 2) the ideological platform of the re-interpretation of history. The article studies a really unique historical period when the official Soviet power and the informal power of the National Liberation Movement, official communist publications and the party press of newly established parties with different political ideologies coexisted in the conditions of one sociopolitical formation. The main findings of the article can be formulated as follows: 1) the official press of Georgia, despite the freedom of speech allowed from above and the vaguely restricted boundaries of this freedom, did not use the strategies of time-shifting discourse in reproducing history in constructing the Glasnost narrative, and 2) the official press of Georgia still covered historical events from the Marxist-Leninist platform.

Rumors of Insurgency and Assassination in the Ixcán, Guatemala

Abstract In the late 1960s, landless campesinos partnered with the Maryknoll Catholic order to form a colony and cooperative in the lowland jungles of northern Guatemala. The Ixcán Grande colony became profitable and fell in line with state development and agrarian policies. Yet by the mid-1970s, this dramatically changed when the colony began experiencing increased government repression as Guatemala’s ongoing civil war escalated. After Father William Woods, the colony’s priest, died in a mysterious plane crash in 1976, multiple accounts of that fateful day circulated: the official version recorded it as an accident while unofficial versions maintained that the military-state had assassinated him. This event shaped the relationship between Ixcán residents and the state from that moment on and continues to influence historical memory in the present. This article first explores the circulation of rumors of insurgency, leading to the Ixcán Grande project’s reputation as an unstable, dangerous space. Then, it examines the competing historical narratives surrounding Father Woods’s death. Finally, it links rumor creation and utilization with historical memory, ending with a brief conclusion about the utility—and the necessity—of giving proper attention to rumors as archival traces.

Three historical narratives on advertising self-control in Brazil

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze how, in three different contexts, the National Council for Advertising Self-Regulation narratively uses its past to build an official history concerning its origins that legitimates advertising self-control as a hegemonic narrative.Design/methodology/approachBy using the historical research and the “uses of the past” approach, this study identifies, analyzes and confronts three organizational histories of Conar’s origins (both its official and unofficial versions) in the context of the creation of the Brazilian system of advertising self-regulation.FindingsAfter a thematic analysis of the documentary sources, the narratives on the National Council for Advertising Self-Regulation’s origins and the self-control process were grouped into three versions: the narrative under the military regime: 1976/1980; the narrative during the process of re-democratization of the country: 1981/1991 and the contemporary narrative: from 2005 onwards. These narratives were confronted and, in consequence, provided, each of them, a different interpretation of the context surrounding the creation and justification for advertising self-control.Originality/valueThe study shows how a consumer defense organization re-historicized its past strategically to gain legitimacy in three different ways through time. It also reveals that organizations strategically use their past to build an intended vision of the future, thus having more agency than the hegemonic literature in management studies usually guarantees. Finally, it exposes the malleability of past narratives through which organizations play a critical role in the ongoing struggle for competing uses of the past. Therefore, the study identifies different organizational stories through time that allow researchers to reflect on several strategic uses of the past by organizations.

Anlatılamamış Fedakarlık Hikayeleri: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin İlk Yılları (1920-1926)

There are two versions of history in Turkey today: the official and the unofficial. Available material in English on Turkish history and politics reflect mostly Orientalist and official points of views. The official version appears not only to contradict much of the existing evidence but also to reinforce misinterpretations of the Republican era. Here is an attempt, albeit a modest one, to present the unofficial version of history through the profiles of people who took part in the War of Independence between 1919 and 1923. Even though they played a dynamic role during the turbulent period of Turkish history - giving voice to the beliefs and sentiments of the static majority - they were condemned to death. Their strength of character and conviction imbued with their influence over the masses was an explosive cocktail which struck terror in the hearts of the new ruling elite. The rise of secular Turkey from the funeral pyre of the Ottomans and the resulting transformation of Turkish society occurred against a background of chaos and despair. The value system and a way of life embodying a certain set of beliefs and ethics which the people had chosen for themselves were discarded by the new guardians of the State. And anyone who disagreed with the prescription for this new life was a disposable item.

Imiennictwo w polskich rodzinach ziemiańskich na przełomie XIX i XX wieku

The article concerns Polish personal names and their various unofficial versions and names of animals in the family language of Polish gentry families. Based on the diaries of representatives of landed gentry families concerning the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, the author presents and interprets the unofficial forms of names and nicknames used in these families. She shows the main structural types of word-formation variants of male and female names, discusses their pragmatic functions and typical contexts of use. She reveals the forms of names characteristic of the gentry. The author shows the landowner’s name as an essential component of the family language of this social class.

Elementy kulturowe w przekładzie oficjalnym i Internetowym, czyli kultura i jej przepływ jako element (nie)regulowany

Cel badań. W związku z istniejącymi konkurującymi ze sobą teoriami ujmującymi podejście do kultury w przekładzie jako czynnik systemowy bądź pozasystemowy, celem badania jest przeanalizowanie przekładu elementów kulturowych w tłumaczeniu oficjalnym (czyli powstałym w systemie regulowanym przez patronów, wydawców, normy itd.) oraz nieoficjalnym (internetowym, powstałym w sposób dobrowolny, niezlecony i poza systemem).
 Metodologia. Dokonano porównania elementów kulturowych w przekładzie powieści Maybe Someday Colleen Hoover (2014), która została przetłumaczona zarówno przez Piotra Grzegorzewskiego (2016), jak i internetowego użytkownika posługującego się pseudonimem marika1311. W analizie wykorzystano koncepcję forenizacji i domestykacji Lawrence’a Venutiego (1995; 2004).
 Wyniki. Wyniki badania pokazują, że przekład internetowy jest znacznie bardziej forenizujący w porównaniu z przekładem funkcjonującym na rynku wydawniczym. Tłumaczka nieoficjalnego przekładu preferuje kulturę źródłową, czasem nawet kosztem poprawności i zrozumiałości tekstu docelowego.
 Wnioski. Sugeruje to, że podejście tłumacza do kultury może rzeczywiście być elementem regulowanym przez system, w którym tłumacz funkcjonuje; ale także wywieranie wpływu systemu na kulturę i język docelowy.

The abcanny politics of landscape in Lucy Wood’s Diving Belles

Abstract In a recent article on the eeriness of the English countryside, Robert Macfarlane juxtaposes an official version of English culture, which emphasizes heritage, progress and national unity, with the unofficial versions of ‘Englishness’ being offered by writers, artists, musicians and filmmakers that emphasize local differences, dispossessed peoples or communities, and historical decay or regression. These themes, according to Macfarlane, are mediated through preoccupations with violence, ruins and the uncanny – the revival of interest in Weird fiction writers, such as M. R. James, being exemplary. This article takes up but also expands upon Macfarlane’s argument by focussing on a recent text: Lucy Wood’s 2012 collection, Diving Belles. Of interest here is Wood’s use of the Cornish landscape that she invests not only with literal spirits and ghosts but also with a Weird-like sense of what China Miéville has termed the ‘abcanny’, such that her stories hover somewhere between the traditional ghost story, mundane realism and a peculiarly English variant of magical realism. Although there is little overt political content in Wood’s stories, this article argues that the abcanny form of her stories, whilst also contesting heritage-based representations of Cornwall, mediates the ambiguous relationship of Cornwall towards the English political heartlands. In this sense, then, Macfarlane’s argument can be helpfully developed since, whilst haunted versions of the English countryside can become assimilated into an official model of national heritage, the abcanny landscape remains estranged from such cultural and political appropriation.

Żona magika wobec francuskiej kolonizacji Algierii. Powieść historyczna w ujęciu Briana Moore’a

Artykuł omawia ostatni utwór Briana Moore’a pt. Żona magika (wyd. anglojęz. 1997, wyd. pol. 2000) jako powieść historyczną. Pochodzący z Belfastu pisarz, który otrzymał obywatelstwo kanadyjskie, a zmarł w USA, miał w swej młodości epizod „algierski”. Pod koniec życia, zainspirowany najprawdopodobniej źródłem historycznym pt. Confidences d’un prestidigitateur Roberta Houdina, Moore stworzył w swej powieści nieoficjalną wizję wydarzeń, które miały doprowadzić do ostatecznego opanowania Algierii przez Francję. Pobyt słynnego francuskiego iluzjonisty w Algierii związany był z powierzoną mu misją polityczną. Jego sztuczki miały wzbudzić przekonanie wśród lokalnych przywódców, że Francuzi dysponują mocą, która przyczyni się do ich zwycięstwa. Istotą zamysłu Moore’a było ukazanie tych działań z perspektywy żony magika, która w odróżnieniu od swojego pierwowzoru nie jest tylko bierną obserwatorką.

Volkswagen: Bugs and Outlooks in Car Industry Regulation, Governance and Liability

The scandal involving the Volkswagen group broke out last Fall, at the dawn of the very delicate UN Conference on Climate Change (COP21) held in Paris, and the posting of an unofficial version of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA). This so, just when a leaked version Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) ran through the veins of the Internet and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) was just about to be signed in New Zealand, fostering market integration by pushing further national treatment and mutual recognition, against the backdrop -albeit one small step at a time- of an increasing demand for environmental protection through the setting, among other regulation tools, of emission thresholds.

Les habitants du Louvre : The Museum and the List

In 2009, Umberto Eco curated a series of Louvre programs on the theme of the list, titled Vertige de la liste . As part of these programs, Jacques Roubaud and Christian Boltanski produced a book on the theme, Les habitants du Louvre . In the book and exhibition, lists serve as a lens through which changing relationships between the Louvre and the display of its collections can be considered. The exhibition and book inhabit modes of epistemological inquiry endemic to the museum and collecting practices. They are, in a sense, artistic projects – producing unofficial versions of the history of art from within the Louvre itself.

Nahua and Maya Catholicisms: texts and religion in colonial central Mexico and Yucatan

Nahua and Maya Catholicisms examines ecclesiastical texts written in Nahuatl and Yucatec Maya to illustrate the role of these texts in conveying and reflecting various Catholic messages-and thus Catholicisms-throughout colonial Central Mexico and Yucatan. It demonstrates how published and unpublished sermons, confessional manuals, catechisms, and other religious texts betray and unofficial versions of Catholicism, and how these versions changed throughout the colonial period according to indigenous culture, local situations, and broader early modern events. The book's study of these texts also allows for a better appreciation of the negotiations that occurred during the evangelization process between native and Spanish cultures, the center and periphery, and between official expectations and everyday realities. And by employing both Nahuatl and Maya religious texts, Nahua and Maya Catholicism allows for a uniquely comparative study that expands beyond Central Mexico to include Yucatan.

The Maturation of Afghan Historiography

The fate of Afghanistan's written history has been interconnected with the progression and regression of the Afghan state's ability to live with its past as much as with its present. Afghan historiography, in both the official and unofficial versions, has generally sought to “prove” or “disprove” the official versions of Afghanistan's evolving national narrative rather than be, in the words of Edward H. Carr, “a continuous process of interaction between the historian and his facts, an unending dialogue between the present and the past.” Despite unprecedented freedoms of expression and exposure to international methods of research, post-Taliban Afghanistan still seems far from coming to terms with its past. One particular trend continues to haunt the country as it tries to move forward in deconstructing or reinventing its history: official Afghan narratives continue to downplay or ignore the violent and divisive period commencing with the 1973 coup that ended the country's monarchical system.

Impact of Underestimating the Effects of Cold Temperature on Motor Vehicle Start Emissions of Air Toxics in the United States

Analyses of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) certification data, California Air Resources Board surveil-lance testing data, and EPA research testing data indicated that EPA’s MOBILE6.2 emission factor model substantially underestimates emissions of gaseous air toxics occurring during vehicle starts at cold temperatures for light-duty vehicles and trucks meeting EPA Tier 1 and later standards. An unofficial version of the MOBILE6.2 model was created to account for these underestimates. When this unofficial version of the model was used to project emissions into the future, emissions increased by almost 100% by calendar year 2030, and estimated modeled ambient air toxics concentrations increased by 6–84%, depending on the pollutant. To address these elevated emissions, EPA recently finalized standards requiring reductions of emissions when engines start at cold temperatures.

The NP-completeness column

This is the 26th edition of a column that covers new developments in the theory of NP-completeness. The presentation is modeled on that which M. R. Garey and I used in our book “Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness,” W. H. Freeman & Co., New York, 1979, hereinafter referred to as “[G&J].” Previous columns, the first 23 of which appeared in J. Algorithms , will be referred to by a combination of their sequence number and year of appearance, e.g., “Column 1 [1981].” Full bibliographic details on the previous columns, as well as downloadable unofficial versions of them, can be found at http://www.research.att.com/~dsj/columns/. This column discusses the question of whether finding an object can be computationally difficult even when we know that the object exists.

The NP-completeness column

This is the 25th edition of a column that covers new developments in the theory of NP-completeness. The presentation is modeled on that which M. R. Garey and I used in our book Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness , W. H. Freeman & Co., New York, 1979, hereinafter referred to as “[G&J].” Previous columns, the first 23 of which appeared in Journal of Algorithms , will be referred to by a combination of their sequence number and year of appearance, for example, [Col 1, 1981]. Full bibliographic details on the previous columns as well as downloadable unofficial versions of them can be found at http://www.reseach.att.com/~dsj/columns/. This edition of the column discusses the wide range of lower bounds on approximation guarantees for NP-hard optimization problems both in their functional forms and in the hypotheses on which they depend.

Testing CERES-Maize versions to estimate maize production in a cool environment

CERES-Maize is a relatively simple deterministic crop model that simulates maize development, growth and yield. Since its first release in 1986, slight changes in the original model have been proposed by different researchers, generating a number of official or unofficial versions of CERES-Maize. Nevertheless, these versions have not been extensively tested under cool environments. The objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of three different recent versions of CERES-Maize ((i) CERES-Maize-2003 (called thereafter CERES-2003), the most recent version proposed by Kiniry; (ii) that included in DSSAT V3.5 official release or CERES-3.5 and (iii) the recently released version with DSSAT V4.0 or CERES-4.0) in a cool environment, where water and nutrients are fully available, and to document and discuss the equations causing differences in model predictions among versions. To achieve these objectives, these versions were tested against field data sets, obtained in northwest Spain between 1998 and 2002. CERES-4.0 simulated more closely the biomass and grain yield under this relatively cool environment. CERES-2003 showed the poorest performance, mainly due to the 64% dry weight loss programmed to occur with dry matter translocation from stem to grain. Reasons for CERES-4.0 advantage are related to the new look-up temperature functions affecting radiation use efficiency (PRFT) and grain filling rate (RGFILL) that in V4.0, create less sensitivity to temperature. Nevertheless, under these growing conditions CERES-4.0 predictions may benefit from slightly more temperature sensitive PRFT or RGFILL functions, but more extensive testing is needed to confirm this fact.

The Impact of Institutional Structures and Power on Law and Society: Is It Time for Reawakening?

Lynn Mather as President of the Law and Society Association: A Canadian Perspective I was very pleased to see Mather address the issue of assumptions of universality that might exist in the Law and Society Association (LSA), especially as she notes the unusual of planning a joint meeting with the Canadian Law and Society Association (CLSA). Many of us can tell stories (some rather amusing) about assumptions of universality by citizens of the United States.1 Some of us have experienced it by sending articles to the Law & Society Review.2 But what I would like to focus on is Mather's role in reaching out to the CLSA. I have to confess I was initially a bit dubious about the proposed joint meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia.3 Many of my doubts were erased when Mather drove up to Quebec City in May 2001, during our annual conference, to meet with members of the CLSA regarding the planning of the 2002 conference. Despite the fact that her organization was seven to eight times larger than ours and had an office with staff (unlike the CLSA), she started from the assumption that we were on equal footing. Mather and Lou Knafla, the president of the CLSA, appointed a 16-member program committee, with six academics from the United States, five from Canada, one from each of South Korea, Japan, and Australia.4 Valerie Hans and I were asked to act as program chairs. Mather also had the foresight to realize that we might work better as a group if we actually met face-to-face. She raised funds from the John Sloan Dickey Center to bring us together at the Minary Center in New Hampshire. Due to the terrorist events of September 11, our September 14-15 meeting had to be cancelled. Undeterred, Mather (with the assistance of Rod MacDonald and Jean-Francois Gaudreault-DesBiens, two committee members from McGill) arranged for us to meet in Montreal in mid-October. Not only did we receive John Sloan Dickey's quotation about ill-founded premises in advance of the meeting (see Mather 2003:263 for the quotation), but Mather read it to us again in her opening comments at our planning meeting. Above all, Mather is a good listener, and her disarming manner and charm won us over. She has gone a long way in taking the United States out of the LSA.5 On a personal level, Mather's ability to reach out to Canadians and others was unprecedented and very much appreciated. The Impact of Institutional Structures and Power on Law and Society I was intrigued by Mather's reference to the article by Campbell and Wiles (1976) that describes and society in Britain as bifurcating into the of law and whereas the phrases are indistinguishable to most Americans (Mather 2003:272), and her discussion of the creation of LSA as a response to a wider political environment as well as an academic one (as discussed by Garth & Sterling 1998). It led me to reflect on the nature of and society research and teaching issues, and whether there are sufficient changes in societies today to anticipate another shift in focus. Campbell and Wiles distinguish between sociolegal studies, has been denigrated [by the sociology of law] as antitheoretical, concerned with social engineering through the existing legal order, and not with explaining the order or transcending it by critique, and the sociology of law, has been chastized [by sociolegal studies] as abstract theoreticians, whose speculations were divorced from reality and lacked practical relevance (1976:549). Sociolegal studies has accepted the legal order as unproblematic and worked to improve it (handmaidens of the and social order), whereas the sociology of has questioned the nature of social (including legal) order and tried to understand how laws have emerged-both the official and unofficial versions (1976:553-54). One year earlier, Cain expressed concern that the sociology of might separate too early from its sociological roots (as British criminology had done) and lose some of its ideas and theory, which alone could give it coherence and direction (1975:61). …

The 'Real World' of Ordained Ministry: Making sense of training for priesthood

This article explores elements of the vocabularies that a group of theological students use and acquire in response to their experiences of training for the priesthood. In particular, it will focus on the pragmatic and 'real world' vocabularies used by the trainees in order to manage the exposure and 'heightened vulnerability' experienced in beginning full-time, residential training for ordained ministry. The article further demonstrates the significance of 'anticipatory socialization' in the construction of unofficial versions of professional knowledge and 'occupational habitus' for the trainees.

Joram, King of Israel and Judah

In Deuteronomistic summaries 1), which constitute backbone of Books of Kings, author repeatedly refers to the annals of kings of 'It w1: 'wn :3 o mrO 2) and the annals of kings of nmr,ir ,z'1 Q,, ,:3 In t O 3) These annals are usually supposed to be unofficial versions of annalistic material 4). They should, however, in analogy with Assyrian annals and Babylonian annals and chronicles, be taken as official annals, inasmuch as governments of Israel and Judah wanted them to be regarded as History of monarchies. Presumably they were edited and published by office of royal herald 5). Only in case of very few rulers (6 kings and one queen) are these references missing from summaries. It is easy to explain in greater part of cases. In Israel last king Hoshea has no reference, either because his reign was so troubled that herald's office did not succeed in finishing editing of annals before fall of Samaria, or because annals did not look upon Hoshea as a legitimate king, but as an Assyrian vassal (2 K. xvii 3) What Judah concerns, we have no reference in case of Jehoahaz, again a king with a troubled reign, which furthermore lasted only three months (2 K. xxiii 31). Obviously there was neither time nor opportunity to issue annals. 6) The same reasoning holds good for