Unmodified Starch Research Articles

Using gas-assisted electrospinning to design rod-shaped particles from starch for thickening agents and Pickering emulsifiers

Starch's large particle size and compact semi-crystalline structure limit its effectiveness as an emulsifier and shear-reversible thickener. To address this, we used gas-assisted electrospinning to convert large starch granules into thin fibers and then into rod-shaped particles for use as starch-based thickeners and emulsifiers. Manipulating the starch concentration in formic acid, and the electrospinning parameters, caused the jetted polymers to form different shapes. At low starch content (<5 w/w%), electrospraying produced smaller particles (0.4–3.0 μm diameter). At higher concentrations, the polymers tangled and favored the formation of fibers (0.5–3.9 μm diameter). The starch's morphological behavior was fine-tuned by adjusting flow rate, coaxial airflow pressure, voltage, needle gauge, and jetting distance. Extensive formic acid treatment (> 4 days) caused a fiber-to-bead transition. Fiber suspensions exhibited ~106-times higher viscosity (3215 Pa·s at a shear rate of 0.002 s−1) than unmodified starch. High-shear and ultrasonication were used post-spin to chop the fibers into rod-shaped particles (4, 6 and 8 μm length), which were used as effective emulsifiers. The longest rods (8 μm) stabilized emulsions with the smallest droplets (12 μm). Using food-safe polymers, this study demonstrated that the shape of particles plays important roles in modulating the material functionalities.

Statistical-Based Optimization of Modified Mangifera indica Fruit Starch as Substituent for Pharmaceutical Tableting Excipient.

This study aimed to optimize modified starch from Mangifera indica (mango) fruit using acid hydrolysis and pre-gelatinization via computer-assisted techniques as a substituent for pharmaceutical tableting excipients. The hydrolysis and microwave-assisted pre-gelatinization time and temperature were optimized using a three-level factorial design. The modified starches were characterized for flowability, compressibility, and swelling properties. It was found that all parameters fit a quadratic model, which can be used to predict the properties of the modified starch. The optimized hydrolysis reaction was 3.8 h at 56.4 °C, while the pre-gelatinization reaction was 3 min at 150 °C. Structural changes were found, ascertaining that starch modification was successful. The optimized hydrolyzed starch showed superior properties in relative to unmodified M. indica fruit starch and comparable characteristics to conventional excipients. The optimized pre-gelatinized starch presented an excellent enhancement in the flow and compression properties, with %swelling greatly augmented 3.95-fold and 1.24-fold compared to unmodified starch and SSG, respectively. Additionally, the pre-gelatinized starch presented comparable binding effect, while the hydrolyzed powder had reduced binding capacity due to shorter chains. The findings revealed that the use of software-assisted design of experiment facilitated a data-driven approach to optimize the modifications. The optimized modified mango starch demonstrated potential as a multifunctional excipient, capable of functioning as binder, disintegrant, and diluent.

Dual cross-linked network of the active starch film by incorporating palmitic acid and geraniol: A comprehensive evaluation of the hydrophobic mechanism and antimicrobial activity

In this study, (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) was employed as a bridging agent to enhance the compatibility between the hydrophilic starch/pectin film and the hydrophobic palmitic acid (PA) coating through hydrogen bonding and chemical reactions. To address the insufficient antibacterial activity of starch films, geraniol was also incorporated. The intermolecular interactions among APTES, PA, and starch were confirmed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). Notably, the inclusion of APTES and PA significantly increased the film's hydrophobicity, resulting in a water contact angle (WCA) of 95.12°, a water vapor permeability (WVP) of 2.08 × 10−10 g/(mm·s·Pa), and an oxygen permeability (OP) of 2.61 × 10−9 g·mm·mm−2·s−1. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed strong non-covalent interactions and exceptional compatibility between starch and PA. Furthermore, the integration of pectin and geraniol improved the mechanical strength and antimicrobial properties of the modified films compared to unmodified starch films. These environmentally friendly and biodegradable starch-based films present a promising option for sustainable packaging materials in food preservation.

Assessment of in vitro Digestibility Kinetics of Resistant Starch in Some Under-Utilized Legumes and Cereal

Normally digestible starch is a starch that digest in the small intestine. Partial starch is digested in the small intestine but not completely, in it some amount of starch used to escape digestion while resistant starch normally withstand digestion in the small intestine of healthy human beings. The study is aimed at determining the in vitro digestibility kinetics of resistance starch derived from underutilized legumes and millet). This is done by determining the proximate composition of underutilized legumes (Bambara groundnut and African yam Beans) and millet. S and analyzing the digestibility kinetics of both modified and unmodified resistant starch using alpha amylase. The result of proximate composition of cereal and legumes for modified and unmodified samples are thus; Moisture content is 6.33± 0.41 and 8.50± 0.35, Crude fiber is 2.83± 0.53 and 3.50± 0.35, the Fat content is 1.33± 0.41 and 1.67± 0.41, the Ash content is 1.17± 0.18 and 2.50± 0.35, the Protein content is 8.75± 0.03 and 13.12± 0.25 while the Carbohydrate content is 63.52± 0.56 and 57.83± 0.52. Moreso, the Proximate Composition of modified and unmodified bambara groundnut are as follows: the Moisture content has it as 15% ± 0.5 and 6.8% ± 1.0, the fats content is 1% ± 0.0 and 6.5% ± 0.0, the Fibre content is 4% ± 1.0 and 5.5% ± 0.5, the protein content is 17.50% ± 0.1 and 22.76% ± 0.0, 22.76% ± 0.0 the Carbohydrate content is 60.5% and 64.94%. The digestibility of both modified and unmodified millet is. From the result the modified and unmodified sample for Reducing sugar (mg/g) is 0.55± 0.09 and 2.7 ± 0.06, the Amylose (%) is 35.10 ± 1.81 and 28.41 ± 0.20, the Amylosepectin (%) is 64.9 ± 1.81 and 48.41 ± 0.80, the Starch damage (%) is 73.04 ± 0.02 and 1.8 ± 0.05. while the Starch undamaged (%) is 56.25 ± 0.08 and 62.40 ± 0.20. The study showed that millet is a good source of starch that will help to reduce poverty level and enhanced food security. It equally adds to knowledge by revealing the digestibility kinetics of modified millet starch to the unmodified starch and enlighten the benefits of millet starch and its uses in relation to enhance nutritional security. Keywords: in vitro digestibility, Bambara groundnut and African yam Beans) and millet proximate analysis.

Modified Arrowroot Starch: Impact of Multiple Acetylation on Physical, Chemical, and Physicochemical Characteristics

Abstract Modifying single-acetylated starch in arrowroot starch has improved starch quality, especially in paste clarity properties. It was conducted to determine the effect of the double acetylation modification method on the physical, chemical, and physicochemical characteristics of modified arrowroot starch. It used a completely randomized design with variations in the concentration of acid acetate and the immersion time of single acetylation modification. The best single Acetylated Starch is the treatment of variations in adding 2% acetic acid concentration for 60 minutes soaking time, which then proceeds with double acetylation modification. Double acetylation has a paste clarity level of 25.02%, moisture content of 13.33%, Amylose Content of 30.62%, Water Absorption of 3.77 g/g, Swelling power of 9.30 g/g, and Solubility of 5.19%. The pasting properties have a Peak Viscosity of 5716 cP, Through Viscosity of 2336 cP, Breakdown Viscosity of 3380 cP, Final Viscosity of 2750 cP, Setback Viscosity of 414 cP, Peak Time of 5 minutes, and Pasting Temperature 70.90°C. The dual acetylation improves the solubility and swelling power compared with single acetylation and unmodified starch.

Crafting Tunable Hollow Particles Using Antisolvent‐Driven Interlocking of Micron‐Sized Building Blocks

AbstractThe contribution of a hollow structure on the rheological behavior of granular suspensions remains un‐investigated due to the challenge of water impermeability. Here starch is used to fabricate water‐permeable hollow particles, as a model for granular suspensions and investigated the resulting microstructures and rheological behavior. The hollow structure is fabricated based on a bottom‐up method by assembling micron‐sized building blocks into a superstructure. A Pickering emulsion is heated to fuse the starch interface, then, upon antisolvent precipitation, the polymer strands interlock to form a rigid shell around the oil template. When the template is removed a hollow particle remained. These particles exhibited a specific volume &gt;5‐times higher than unmodified starch and consequently a higher viscosity. Larger particles showed higher viscosity but are also more fragile. The template structure can be manipulated to fine‐tune their functionality. These micro‐sized building blocks made from edible materials can be used as the next generation of texturizers. Additionally, these water‐permeable colloidosomes present an innovative approach to understanding how micro‐architectures impact the rheological behavior of granular suspensions.

Preparation of reed fibers reinforced graft-modified starch-based adhesives based on quantum mechanical simulation and molecular dynamics simulation

Starch is a biomass polymer material with a high yield and comprehensive source. It is used as a raw material for preparing adhesives because of its highly active hydroxyl group. However, poor adhesion and water resistance hinder the application of starch-based adhesives (SBAs). Based on this, the starch was modified through graft copolymerization with itaconic acid as a cross-linking agent, methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate as copolymers. Additionally, reed fibers were synergistically modified with polydopamine deposition to prepare an environmentally friendly SBA used in plywood production. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) demonstrate that copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate with starch improves the shear strength, water resistance, and thermal stability of the SBA. Compared to unmodified starch, the modified SBA exhibits a 129 % increase in dry strength and achieves a wet strength of 1.36 MPa. Fukui function, Frontier orbit theory, and molecular dynamics simulation have shown that itaconic acid promotes the copolymerization of starch and acrylate monomers. The modified starch has fewer hydrogen bonds, less order, and a denser macromolecular network structure, which provides a reference for studying the molecular interaction mechanisms of SBAs.

Revisiting the Formation of Starch-Monoglyceride-Protein Complexes: Effects of Octenyl Succinic Anhydride Modification.

Starch-lipid-protein complexes are attracting increasing attention due to their unique structure and low enzymatic digestibility. However, the mechanisms underlying the formation of these ternary complexes, especially those with monoglycerides as the lipid component, remain unclear. In the present study, potato starch or octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)-modified potato starch (OSAPS), various monoglycerides (MGs), and beta-lactoglobulin (βLG) were used in model systems to characterize the formation, structure, and in vitro digestibility of the respective ternary complexes. Colorimetry and live/dead staining assays demonstrated that the OSAPS had good biocompatibility. Experimental data and molecular dynamics simulations showed that both unmodified potato starch and OSAPS formed starch-lipid-protein complexes with MGs and βLG. Of the two types of starch, OSA formed a greater amount of the more stable type II V-crystallites in complexes, which had greater resistance to in vitro enzymic digestion. This study demonstrated for the first time that starch can interact with MGs and βLG to form ternary complexes and that OSA esterification of starch promoted the formation of more complexes than unmodified starch.

Development of Biodegradable Thermosetting Plastic Using Dialdehyde Pineapple Stem Starch.

Starch extracted from pineapple stem waste underwent an environmentally friendly modification process characterized by low-energy consumption. This process resulted in the creation of dialdehyde pineapple stem starch featuring varying aldehyde contents ranging from 10% to 90%. Leveraging these dialdehyde starches, thermosetting plastics were meticulously developed by incorporating glycerol as a plasticizer. Concurrently, unmodified pineapple stem starch was employed as a control to produce thermoplastic material under identical conditions. The objective of streamlining the processing steps was pursued by adopting a direct hot compression molding technique. This enabled the transformation of starch powders into plastic sheets without the need for water-based gelatinization. Consequently, the dialdehyde starch-based thermosetting plastics exhibited exceptional mechanical properties, boasting a modulus within the range of 1862 MPa to 2000 MPa and a strength of 15 MPa to 42 MPa. Notably, their stretchability remained relatively modest, spanning from 0.8% to 2.4%. Comparatively, these properties significantly outperformed the thermoplastic counterpart derived from unmodified starch. Tailoring the mechanical performance of the thermosetting plastics was achieved by manipulating the glycerol content, ranging from 30% to 50%. Phase morphologies of the thermoset starch unveiled a uniformly distributed microstructure without any observable starch particles. This stood in contrast to the heterogeneous structure exhibited by the thermoplastic derived from unmodified starch. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the absence of a crystalline structure within the thermosets, likely attributed to the establishment of a crosslinked structure. The resultant network formation in the thermosets directly correlated with enhanced water resistance. Remarkably, the thermosetting starch originating from pineapple stem starch demonstrated continued biodegradability following a soil burial test, albeit at a notably slower rate when compared to its thermoplastic counterpart. These findings hold the potential to pave the way for the utilization of starch-based products, thereby replacing non-biodegradable petroleum-based materials and contributing to the creation of more enduring and sustainable commodities.

Sequential starch modification by branching enzyme and 4-α-glucanotransferase improves retention of curcumin in starch-alginate beads

A new super-branched amylopectin with longer exterior chains was produced from normal maize starch by modification with branching enzyme followed by 4-α-glucanotransferase, and applied for co-entrapment of a curcumin-loaded emulsion in alginate beads. The network structure of the gel beads was obtained with Ca2+-cross-linked alginate and a modest load of retrograded starch. The dual enzyme modified starch contained more and longer α-1,6-linked branch chains than single enzyme modified and unmodified starches and showed superior resistance to digestive enzymes. Alginate beads with or without starch were of similar size (1.69–1.74 mm), but curcumin retention was improved 1.4–2.8-fold in the presence of different starches. Thus, subjecting the curcumin-loaded beads to in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion resulted in retention of 70, 43 and 22 % of the curcumin entrapped in the presence of modified, unmodified, or no starch, respectively. Molecular docking provided support for curcumin interacting with starch via hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic contacts and π-π stacking. The study highlights the potential of utilizing low concentration of dual-enzyme modified starch with alginate to create a versatile vehicle for controlled release and targeted delivery of bioactive compounds.

Functionality and characterization of modified starch films with pineapple leaf fibers

The objective of this work was to modify banana starch with pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) and its production of biodegradable films. The reaction conditions of the starch modification were a Starch/PALF mass ratio of 50, a time of 1 h and a temperature of 140 °C, to obtain a yield of 41.18 %. Characterization by FTIR and NMR confirmed that the chemical reaction was carried out. XRD and TGA analysis showed that the crystalline zones of the starch were affected during the modification and the product obtained is thermally less stable compared to unmodified starch. The modified starch showed a lower pasting profile compared to the native starch; however, the modified starch showed the ability to form a film. The starch-PALF films were obtained by the casting method and partially characterized. These films presented better mechanical properties compared to the unmodified films. Also, these films could compete with conventional non-biodegradable plastics.

Modification of Starch from Tubers of Caladuim Bicolor with Fatty Acid Derived from Chrysophyllum Albidum Seed Oil :Effect on Physicochemical Parameters

The interest in starch derived materials is rapidly growing, both in industrial and basic research applications. This could be because of its availability, accessibility and eco-friendliness. This study reports the effect of modification of starch obtained from Caladium bicolor with fatty acids derived from Chrysophyllum albidum oil on the physicochemical properties. The unmodified starch together with modified one were characterised using FTIR and various physicochemical parameters. The results of FTIR analysis reveal vibration frequencies of 3283.62 cm-1, and 1018 cm-1, which affirm the presence of OH, C-O in the modified starch. Whereas the prominent peak at 1647.28 cm-1 assigned to the carbonyl(C=O) which was absent in the unmodified starch showed that modification occurred. The degree of substitution (DS) of modified starch was estimated at 0.79.The results of the physicochemical analysis showed a low amylose content of 16.95% and amylopectin of 83.05% in the unmodified starch. The swelling power, paste clarity, gelatinization temperature, water binding capacity and oil binding capacity of the modified starch were ; 63.5–72.45%, 2.03–3.2A; 76–78oC , 40.5–68.6%, 43.7–53.8%

Effect of Acetylation on the Physicochemical Properties of Starch Extract from Caladium bicolor

The study reports on the effect of acetylation on the physicochemical parameters of Caladium bicolor starch. The starch was extracted and acetylated using various acetic acid volumes and reaction periods (30, 60, and 90 minutes). Both unmodified and acetylated starches were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and some models. The findings estimated a low amylose content of 16.95%, and amylopectin at 83.05% in unmodified starch. The swelling power was 72.45 (unmodified), and 64.9–68.5 (modified); paste clarity was 2.013 (unmodified), and 1.73–1.91 (modified); gelatinization temperature was 75oC (unmodified), and 76–78oC (modified); water binding capacity was 68.6% (unmodified), and 68–92.7% (modified); oil binding capacity was 53.8% (unmodified), and 53.2–92.63% (modified); % acetyl group and degree of substitution were 0.73-3.63 and 0.03-0.13. The FTIR reveals the vibration frequencies of 3283.62 cm-1, 1018 cm-1 and 1240 cm-1 affirm the presence of OH, C-O, and CH3 in the unmodified. Whereas, the prominent peak at 1647.28 cm-1 assigned to the carbonyl C=O and its increase in intensity and height affirmed the increase in the acetylation of starch molecules. Starch obtained from Caladium bicolor and the acetylated products could be used as glue, thickeners, gelling agents and adhesives for paper products and textile industry.

Effect of Chemical Modification By Oxidation and Esterification Process On Properties of Starch: A Review

Starch is a carbohydrate or polysaccharide consisting of a large number of glucose units linked through glycosidic bonds and containing different amounts of amylose and amylopectin as macromolecules. Starch modification can be done physically, chemically, and enzymatically. The process of chemical modification of starch aims to separate the long glucose chains from the polymer molecules in order to reduce the high viscosity of the unmodified starch solution and thus maximize the possible amount of starch in technical applications This modification involves exploiting the many hydroxyl groups present in starch granules to introduce functional groups, resulting in changes in physicochemical and functional properties such as gelatinization, paste, and retrogradation properties of starch. Esterification and oxidation are types of chemical modification processes that can be applied to improve starch characteristics. However, the chemical modification process did not affect the morphology and had little effect on changing the structure of the starch

Uji Modifikasi Lemari Pengering Pati Talas Kimpul (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) sebagai Eksipien dalam Formulasi Tablet Terhadap Lama Pengeringan

The physical properties of excipients are very important to know for the manufacture of good tablets. Starch or amylum is an additional material that is often used in the manufacture of tablets. The physical properties of starch or powder that are good for tablets can give the desired effect if they have good quality. Unmodified starch does not have good compressibility and has great friability, and capping will occur in the tablet. Taro taro as a potential starch can be used as an excipient in the manufacture of tablets because it has a high starch content. Taro taro used as an excipient needs to be modified physically and chemically to produce derivatives that have better and more specific pharmaceutical characteristics, especially for the manufacture of tablets. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the physical properties of taro starch matched the parameters of good physical properties. Tests carried out included organoleptic tests which obtained powder like flour, had no odor, had no taste and had a white color, Knowledge test obtained dark blue in modified taro starch solution after being given iodine, Microscopic tests obtained taro starch results which had the arrangement is clustered with the hilus located in the middle, the shape of the hilus is in the form of a point, a straight line. The water content test obtained the water content value of each modified starch based on the length of drying time using a drying cabinet of 9.40% for drying for 24 hours, 8.42 % for drying for 48 hours, and 7.9% for drying for 72 hours and pH Test Produces a pH value of 6.52 for drying for 24 hours, 6.22 for drying for 48 hours and 5.92 for drying for 72 hours.

A starch-based, crosslinked blend film with seawater-specific dissolution characteristics

Existing biodegradable plastics may not be ideal replacements of petroleum-based single-use plastics owing to their slow biodegradation in seawater. To address this issue, a starch-based blend film with different disintegration/dissolution speeds in freshwater and seawater was prepared. Poly(acrylic acid) segments were grafted onto starch; a clear and homogenous film was prepared by blending the grafted starch with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) by solution casting. After drying, the grafted starch was crosslinked with PVP by hydrogen bonds, owing to which the water stability of the film is higher than that of unmodified starch films in fresh water. In seawater, the film dissolves quickly as a result of disruption of the hydrogen bond crosslinks. This technique balances degradability in marine environment and water resistance in everyday environment, provides an alternative route to mitigate marine plastic pollution and could be potentially useful for single-use applications in different fields such as packaging, healthcare, and agriculture.

Starch-derived flocculant with hyperbranched brush architecture for effectively flocculating organic dyes, heavy metals and antibiotics

BackgroundIt is highly desired yet challenging for proper treatment of existing wastewaters containing broad-spectrum toxic contaminants of organic dyes, heavy metals and antibiotics. To tackle this problem, this work developed a novel starch-derived flocculant with hyperbranched brush architecture and evaluated its flocculation performance to removing combined pollutants of methylene blue (MB), tetracyline (TC) and Cu2+. MethodsA novel anion-grafted starch-based flocculant (AGSF) with hyperbranched brush structure was synthesized by grafting copolymerization of acrylamide and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid to carboxylated corn starch. The as-prepared AGSF was characterized by a combination of Zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Its flocculation performance of AGSF to different cationic pollutants was investigated in terms of pH, initial pollutant concentration and flocculant dosage. Significant FindingsAGSF demonstrated an outstanding flocculation performance to cationic pollutants, such as organic dyes, heavy metals and antibiotics when compared to its counterparts, unmodified starch (ST) and anionic carboxymethyl starch (CMS). AGSF can achieve 98.6%, 95.7% and 99.2% of remove rates for MB, TC and Cu2+, respectively; while ST and CMS can only remove less than 50% of these pollutants at the optimized conditions. These results verify that the hyperbranched brush structure can make the polymer backbone of flocculants more extended and provide grafted branches with easier accessibility to the pollutants in water, thereby improving its flocculation performance. The current research offers great insight in the design of eco-friendly biosourced starch flocculants for effectively treating combined cationic pollutants of organic dyes, antibiotics and heavy metals.

Preparation of glycidyl methacrylate grafted starch adhesive to apply in high-performance and environment-friendly plywood

In this paper, cassava starch was used as the main raw material to prepare high performance and environment-friendly starch-based adhesive. Starch was grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), and then cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP). Before preparation of plywood, polyaryl polymethylene isocyanate (PAPI) was mixed as chain extension agent. Prepared starch adhesives are used in wood-based panel applications. From the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, it was found that GMA was successfully grafted to the starch adhesives which improved the hydrophobicity and shear strength of the adhesive. The plywood using modified starch adhesive at pH 4.50–5.50 showed the highest wet shear strength, 1.00 MPa, which was 163% higher than that using unmodified starch adhesive. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the original morphology of starch particles were destroyed and became smaller during GMA grafting, which made the modified starch-based adhesive easier to penetrate into the bonding interface of plywood. The characterization results of the adhesive film also showed that the mechanical properties of the adhesive were better when the grafting reaction pH was 4.50–5.50. Graft copolymerization modification of starch improves the hydrophobic properties of starch binders.

Simple thermal and freezing treatments to improve absorption capacity and alter digestibility of canna starch granules

Swollen canna starches (SCS) were prepared by controlled heating of unmodified and heat-moisture treated (HMT) starch suspensions at sub-gelatinization temperatures; subsequently, freezing was conducted to stabilize the structure of the SCS. Sizes of both unmodified and HMT swollen granules increased with increasing heating temperatures (up to 2.5 times), and freezing resulted in a significant reduction of granular size. The absorption capacities of the swollen starches increased up to 6 times for water and 3 times for tributyrin and palm oil compared to unmodified starch. The differences in absorption capacities of the unmodified and HMT swollen starches were small. Freezing the swollen starches tended to decrease oil and water absorptions, except for unmodified starch swollen at 70 °C, where freezing increased water absorption. Freezing significantly decreased the susceptibility of the swollen unmodified starches to amylase digestion and slowed down the digestion of the swollen HMT starches.

Development of Freeze-Thaw Stable Starch through Enzymatic Modification.

The use of unmodified starch in frozen foods can cause extremely undesirable textural changes after the freeze-thaw process. In this study, using cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) and branching enzymes, an amylopectin cluster with high freeze-thaw stability was produced, and was named CBAC. It was found to have a water solubility seven times higher, and a molecular weight 77 times lower, than corn starch. According to the results of a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, dough containing 5% CBAC lost 19% less water than a control dough after three freeze-thaw cycles. During storage for 7 days at 4 °C, bread produced using CBAC-treated dough exhibited a 14% smaller retrogradation peak and 37% less hardness than a control dough, suggesting that CBAC could be a potential candidate for clean label starch, providing high-level food stability under repeated freeze-thaw conditions.