Unloading Of Materials Research Articles

Pembuatan Konsep Alat Preparasi Material Cangkang Kapsul Lunak Menggunakan Metode Pahl & Beitz

Softgel capsule is a capsule with soft shell texture and is used for fluid or semi-solid medicine substance. Research about softgel capsule in Politeknik Negeri Bandung uses a preparation device to mix the soft capsule shell ingredients. In its operation, this machine has several problems: ineffective method of loading and unloading of materials, unsuitable power for the mixing motor and heating element, and the control system still needs to be improved. Based on these problems, it is neccesary to reverse engineer the preparation device to get better design results so that the device can be operated more effectively. This study consists of three stages: planning, concept generation, and concept evaluation. At the planning stage, data is collected and compiled using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method to support the creation of requirement lists. In concept generation stage a design concept was created using the Pahl & Beitz method which was then evaluated using the Pugh weighting method until the final concept was obtained. There are three subfunctions: (1) lifting mechanism, (2) control system, and (3) unloading mechanism. The results of this study are a design concept with rack & pinion lifting mechanism, electrical control system, and sliding valve unloading mechanism.

Development of a dry mock-up system for verifying pyroprocess automation

This paper presents the design and operation of an autonomous robot for pyroprocess automation, which requires unique approaches beyond those used in industrial applications to achieve the desired performance. Maintaining an extremely dry atmosphere is crucial to handle various materials, including chloride, and an autonomous system ensures this dry environment. The drying room dehumidifier was carefully selected and designed to generate dry air, and different types of dry air conditioning performance were evaluated, including assessing worker accessibility inside the mock-up to determine the system's feasibility. Containers used for process materials were modified to fit the gripper system of the gantry robot for automation. The loading and unloading of process materials in each equipment were automatically performed to connect the process equipment with the robotic system. The gantry robot primarily operated through macro motion to approach waypoints containing process materials, eliminating the need for precise approach motion. The robot's tapered jaw design allowed it to grasp the target object even with imperfect positioning. Robot motions were programmed using a robot simulator for initial positioning and motion planning, and real accuracy was tested in a mock-up facility using the OPC platform.

Experimental study on the fugitive characteristics of particles flow impacting inclined wall

The process of loading and unloading of bulk materials is common in industrial production, which is likely to cause dust pollution problems in the plant. In order to understand the dust generation mechanism of the material unloading process, this paper examines it through three processes. Firstly, we established an experimental model for the process of particle flow impacting on the wall. Secondly, the particle motion fugitive characteristics of the particles flow impacting the wall were tested using a high-speed camera. Finally, by processing the experimental data, the angle deviation ratio is pioneered to analyze the effect of wall angle on particle fugitive and the particle fugitive characteristics under different conditions. The results show that as the wall inclination angle increases, the angular deviation ratio is smaller, the total restitution coefficient of particles is larger, the fugitive contour tension angle is larger, and the outer particles fall further away; As the drop height increases, the farthest vertical distance of the fugitive contour from the impact surface is longer; As the outlet diameter increases, the particle impact velocity also increases. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for dust fugitive control during bulk material loading and unloading in industrial plants.

Three Axis Modern Trailer

The transport industry has supported significant advancements in current years, accompanying modern trailers created to meet the demands of efficient haulage. Trailer has innumerable applications in today’s experience. In industrial and domestic concerns, trailer can haul a difference of products containing gravel, potatoes, seed, sand, fertilizer, heavy rocks, etc. By taking everything in mind wide scope of the problem, it is necessary commotion study and research on the topic of preview mechanism in order to manage more economical and adept. This project work Three axis up-to-date trailer has been realized having intentional the difficulty in unloading the materials. Three-axis modern trailers have happened introduced as a answer to challenges faced by traditional two-axis trailers, such as balance and maneuverability issues. The Modern Dumping mechanism preview has been fabricated by detecting the trouble in unloading the material. Existing trailer has proficiency of unloading only in backside of preview. But modern Trailer comes with competence of unloading to the Three sides that is to say backside, left side, kindliness trailer by urgent the Direction control valve triggered. The Valve is „ON‟ and the compressed air goes to the airy cylinder. The key component of the projected arrangement is the airy system. Compressed air is utilized to stimulate the lifting means, consisting of airy cylinders, which raise the trailer lodging in three axes. This three-axis change allows for exact positioning and controlled unloading of cars or materials from the preview Then the compressed air passes through the tube, and therefore pushes the pneumatic barrel, so that the Lifting is used. The speed of the pneumatic cylinder is different by using flow control spigot. This research paper presents the design and reasoning of a three-axis modern preview. The paper outlines the design process, including the collection of materials, the conclusion of dimensions, and the incorporation of state-of-the-art features. The study of the trailer's performance was attended using mathematical simulations, and the results show that the proposed design can bear heavy loads with better stability and maneuverability. The paper decides with a consideration on the potential impact of the three-axis modern preview on the transportation manufacturing

Implications Regarding the Logistical Integration of Exoskeleton-Type Robotic Systems

Abstract The technological developments of the 2nd decade of the 21st century reveal the development of systems that facilitate economic operations within the economic and military supply chains to immediately meet the needs of consumption and use. Therefore, one of the technological systems with an important impact on the efficiency of carrying out specific operations in such systems is represented by the exoskeleton robotic system. This material approaches in a correlative manner the importance and role of exoskeleton-type robotic devices starting from the increased demands of the Future Soldier both on the operational line and in terms of adequate logistic support for its sustainment and self-sustainment. Therefore, even in the military logistics of the constitution combat forces of tactical and/or joint level, exoskeleton-type devices are used by military and civilian workers especially for carrying out activities appropriate to the loading and unloading of materials, in order to quickly respond to the requests for the timely granting of the complex logistical support both during the day, as well as at night. Moreover, this exoskeleton-type system can be easily used by logistics execution personnel who may also work in different areas of logistic support such as maintenance, movement and transportation, or medical support.

Analisis Risiko Kecelakaan dan Bahaya Kerja dengan Metode HIRARC (Hazard Identification Risk Assesment and Risk Control) Bagian Produksi

Even though good regulations and work procedures have been made, the Zero Lost Time Injury program and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE), work risks and accidents still occur in the production division of PT. XYZ. The purpose of this research is to identify the dangers arising from work accidents and to know the risks of work accidents and the hazards and their impacts. HIRARC (Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control) method. by identifying risks, how to assess risk control risk. Data collection is carried out by field observations, interviews, and analysis of standard operating procedure documents. Accident risks and dangers are found in many activities in transportation and unloading of materials, activities for determining finish good into drums, unloading filter paper activities, there are many risks of accidents and hazards including: material fall, being hit by raw material, pinched feet when unloading etc. The impacts include: Minor Injury, P.A.K, Permanent Disability, Major Material Losses, and even Fatality. Strict action against workers who violate regulations and do not use PPE according to standards.

Design Approach For Failure Detection Of Connecting Link Of Electric Overhead Traveling Crane Employed In Vigour Metal & Alloy, Butibori, Nagpur, Maharashtra

Abstract: This paper gives the design approach for failure of connecting link at keyway for electric overhead traveling crane. Failure of connecting link occurs in electric overhead traveling crane which is presently equipped in Vigour Metals and Alloy, MIDC Butibori, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. The capacity of electric overhead traveling crane is 5 Tons. Within this work, as per problem identification in same industry, an approach of failure analysis for critical part of crane had been carried. In this paper, discussion of the torque, maximum shear stress, equivalent shear stress, shear stress, bending stress, bending moment, twisting moment, forces, etc., which are induced in connecting link while performing some operation or loading and unloading of materials or containers have done. To identify and minimize this failure occurs in connecting link, detail literature search and analytical treatment is carried. Keywords: Connecting link, keyway, electric overhead traveling crane, shear stress, torque, bending moment, failures, design approach, etc.

Organization of interaction of various modes of transport in the production and transport processes of production and delivery of non-metallic construction materials

Production and transport processes for the delivery of non-metallic construction materials begin, as a rule, at flooded or overland quarries, and end at the consumer. The article considers the features of production and transport processes of extraction, transportation, unloading and shipment of non-ferrous building materials of channel mining to adjacent modes of transport on the example of enterprises of the Ob basin. The factors determining the efficiency of interaction of various modes of transport in multimodal transport hubs are revealed. On the example of one of the largest river enterprises of the Ob basin – JSC "Tomsk Shipping Company", the analysis of the operational performance of the fleet, the duration of round trips was carried out, the points with the greatest ship downtime were identified, and the value of specific downtime was calculated based on 1000 tons of transported cargo. The solution of the problem of coordinating the interaction of river and road transport is given on the example of unloading crushed stone in the river port of Nizhnevartovsk, considering the available storage areas.

ПРОЄКТ КОНСТРУКЦІЇ ПРИЗМАТИЧНОГО БУНКЕРА ТА ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ПРИЙНЯТИХ РІШЕНЬ

The ensuring of the minimum metal consumption of the structure, the reducing the labour-intensiveness of its manufacture and assembly in the construction of steel prismatic bunkers, designed for storage and unloading of free-flowing materials, are entirely determined by the quality of the design structure. The disadvantage of bunker designs is the connection of the side panels at right angles, which causes the unevenness of the stress-strain state and, as a consequence, the occurrence of emergencies. Some studies suggest that one of the main specific causes of bunker breakdowns and damages is related to incorrect determination of structural loads. A number of authors propose the use of multilayer complex design with the utilization of corrugatedsteel sheets, which directed to address the issue of reducing metal consumption. Today there is still no complex approach to solving the problem of ensuring the reliable operation of the structure owing to searching the best structural forms, technologies for its manufacture and assembly.In this connection, the purpose of this work is to develop the design of the prismatic bunker, which allows to ensure operational reliability, production manufacturability and minimal attended costs associated with the construction of the struc-ture on the building site. By means of modeling the stress state in the structures of bunker tanks, the optimal constructive design options were determined, particularly, dimensional parameters and layout of vertical and stiffeningplates.To ensure the operational reliability of bunker tanks, a solution has been developed that provides for the use of stiffening plates in the design of bunker funnel, which ensure the combined work of its sheet part with the stiffening frame. Use of the block principle of construction of bunker tanks allows to increase a degree of factorial readiness of dispatch elements and to reduce labourintensiveness on assembly sites.

Strain rate influence on hardening and damage characteristics of composite materials

The paper presents models to characterize the dependence of hardening and strength characteristics of composite materials on damage and strain rate. The results of experimental studies of the behavior of composite materials in a wide range of strain rates are analyzed, and some regularities are determined. On the base of a failure criterion which includes the dependence of failure characteristics on damage and the rate of damage as well, taking into account the dependence of stiffness characteristics on the damage parameters, the stress–strain curves are determined for different strain rates, and they correlate quite well with the results of experimental studies. A method for the experimental determination of the material’s parameters is proposed. Some cases of complex, non-monotonic loading and unloading of composite materials are analyzed.

Optimization of the hopper design parameters with a controlled technological process of loading, storage and unloading of bulk materials

The subject of the study is the process of loading capacities and bodies of vehicles to increase the usable volume and static load for further storage or transportation. Based on an analysis of the mechanization of loading operations at agricultural facilities related to the production, distribution and use of animal feed, the authors identified the most promising loading scheme based on the principle of intensive dispersed flow, outlined ways to improve the loading of grain materials and animal feed, proposed a new structural and technological scheme of a loading device with a drive using the gravitational flow of bulk material to evenly distribute the flow of bulk material over a significant cross-sectional area of the tank. The article presents theoretical studies of the loading process using the proposed device and substantiates its geometric parameters. There are results of experimental studies that confirm theoretical conclusions and allow comparing the proposed device with existing analogues.

Preliminary Modelling Assessment of Hydrodynamic Simulation due to Terengganu Airport Runway Extension

Coastal erosion is a naturally phenomenon occurring result of the coastal hydrodynamic process. It is referring to the process of diminution, crafting and unloading of materials in coastal areas by agents such as waves, wind and tides. Erosion process becomes faster when there is activity on the waterfront development. To identify potential erosion caused by development, a study was conducted at the Terengganu Airport Runway extension. In this study, numerical modelling analyses were conducted to represent hydrodynamics using MIKE-21 software. The MIKE-21 is a comprehensive coastal modelling of software that simulates hydrodynamic, wave action, wind and tides. Modelling data input were obtained from National Hydraulics Research Institute Malaysia (NAHRIM) for the period of November 2009. Collected marine data were used as base for model calibration. Model calibration is with-in the acceptable confident level. Then, the calibrated model is used to predict the potential impact due to the Kuala Terengganu Airport runway extension.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ДИСПЕРСНОГО СКЛАДУ ПИЛУ ПРИ ВИРОБНИЦТВІ ТЕПЛОІЗОЛЯЦІЙНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ


 
 
 The problem of air pollution with environmentally hazardous dust with a particle size of up to 10 microns at plants for the production of thermal insulation materials is considered. The purpose of this work is to study the dispersed composition of dust in the production of insulation materials (such as mineral wool), and to determine the effectiveness of the existing gas cleaning equipment, which traps pollutants. The dispersed composition of the dust generated at the plant for the production of thermal insulation materials, and the dispersed composition of the dust collected by the dust-cleaning equipment was investigated. Experimentally and with the use of computer programs, it has been established that the efficiency of extracting fine dust from dust- cleaning equipment does not exceed 78%. It is established that the dust of mineral wool entering the aspiration system is dominated by particles with a size from 2.5 microns to 25 microns. Dust with a SiO2 content of up to 70%, which is released during unloading and transportation of raw materials (dolomite, basalt), enters the atmospheric air without purification. At the same time, particles with a size of up to 60 microns and up to 72 microns dominate in atmospheric air, respectively. The main characteristics of the dust necessary for the objective selection of dust-cleaning equipment are determined.
 
 

Korišćenje simulacije za modeliranje logističkih operacija jednog preduzeća u cementnoj industriji

This paper presents a discrete-event simulation model to study the logistics operations involved in a plant of the cement industry, aligned with a real project developed in partnership between Cachapuz (a company that provides international weighing solutions) and the University of Minho. The purpose of this work consists in using simulation to model several activities, involving weighing, loading and unloading of raw materials, regardless of the type of industry, e.g. cement, tomato, cereals. Thus, this paper documents the work conducted to apply the developed simulation model in a case study of the cement industry. After validating the model, a set of simulation experiments were conducted, which allowed to estimate the maximum capacity of the plant and the impact in the performance of the plant, of the arrival of a cargo vessel. In this regard, it was found that in the case study in question, it is not possible to unload all the cargo from the vessel in a working day - around 3 working days would be required. Further conclusions and future work are discussed in the last section.

Exposure to Diesel Engine Exhaust among Forklift Drivers

Background/Aim: The diesel engine exhausts (DEE) were classified as Group 1, a group of sufficient evidence to generate lung cancer in the IARC in 2012. Elemental carbon (EC) is a representative indicator of the DEE exposure. This study aimed to compare EC exposure levels of forklift drivers and nearby workers between indoor and outdoor worksites. Methods: A total of twenty forklift drivers in five paper manufacturing companies were assessed from January to February 2017. Three to five forklift drivers and nearby outdoor as a background were monitored at each each workplace using pre-fired quartz filter mounted within personal environmental monitor.. EC were analyzed with the OC–EC analyzer based on the NIOSH method 5040. Results: The concentration of personal samples (GM=10.5 μg/㎥) were significantly higher than that of background area samples (GM=2.5 μg/㎥). Forklift drivers worked inside were significantly highly exposed to EC than outdoor drivers (indoor worker GM=14.0 μg/㎥, outdoor worker GM=5.3 μg/㎥, p-value=0.039). High exposure of indoor was explained by no ventilation system in all workplace and door close most of time due to cold outdoor temperature. Also, trucks came into the indoor warehouses and stayed without turning off engine during loading and unloading of raw materials or products. There were EC concentration differences between loading amounts (≤ 3 ton (GM=8.0 μg/㎥) vs., > 3 ton (GM=14.6 μg/㎥)) and between forklift types (fork type (GM=8.4 μg/㎥) vs. clamp type(GM=13.1 μg/㎥)) but without statistical significance. Conclusions: Forklift drivers were highly exposed to EC, especially indoor workers were more exposed to EC. Several factors including worksites (indoor or outdoor), ventilation, work load, forklift types, other vehicle (truck) engine affected the EC exposure level.

Managing Health & Safety Risks (No. 54): Loading, unloading and storing materials

This article discusses the delivery, loading, unloading and storage of materials on construction sites and the associated risks.

SYSTEMS OF MATERIAL SUPPORT ABROAD AND THEIR MODERN DEVELOPMENT

In clause the review of foreign experience on the organization of material support and his development is made. It is analyzed modern information systems, which allow considerably (at higher level) to raise service maintenance and to lower non-productive costs. Questions of technology of warehousing of various cargoes of average dimensions by means of modern special vehicles are considered. The main principle of the organization of work of the automated warehouses where it is made not only loading and an unloading of materials, but also also their packing in special environments is described. It is established, that such systems allow during designing objects not only to visualize them in space, but also to see units (racks, cranes, etc.) From different directions. New kinds of the equipment, innovative technologies, and also modern methods and means of information which allow to reduce current expenses are considered and to raise a production efficiency.

Industrial Conditions of the Granular Material Manufacturing Process

The article presents industrial conditions of manufacturing multi-component heterogeneous mixtures of granular materials. The study analyzed the production technology and devices used for production such as storage siloes, an impact screen, a cyclone separator, a shaving and dust extractor, a screw mixer, a tensometric weigh, a bucket conveyor. A division and the successive stages of manufacturing process has been presented: unloading, receipt and storage of raw materials, quality control of components, technology cleaning and sorting of raw materials, dosage and mixing of feed material, bagging, storage, extraction processes and evaluation of homogeneity in a fodder mixing plant. Moreover the methods of assessing the homogeneity of the multi-component heterogeneous mixtures has been presented. The research was conducted in industrial conditions.

Costal Structure Design with Wave Condition Prediction

This paper introduces a coastal structure design to protect a reclamation site, which will be fixed at a level of +8 m above the chart datum. A jetty will be also used for loading and unloading of materials from the plant that will be developed on the nearby reclamation site. From the given site contours and water depth data, the bottom slope of the sandy foreshore can be determined. In order to design the coastal structure, the wave climate must be considered and analyzed in priority. For the vertical breakwater to be located on the other side of the berth jetty, the required base and height was determined. In addition, the seawalls for the reclamation platform were analyzed at different water depths.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HYDRAULIC PALLET SYSTEM IN CHAIN CONVEYOR

This paper describes the design and analysis of hydraulic pallet system in a chain conveyor used in automobile industries for loading and unloading of materials .The system, consisting of a hydraulic power pack, a chain conveyor, a pallet system is automatically controlled with the help of PLC. Our aim is to design a feasible and a cost effective mechanism to lift the given load using hydraulic actuation and listing merits of hydraulic actuations over pneumatic and servo actuation. The design module pallet along with mechanism used for balancing is design in CAD software CATIA and analyzed for variable loading in ANSYS .The design proposed is highly flexible with the manufactures requirement and its stability is analyzed under variable load. The result of the feasibility study showed a conspicuous shortening of working hours, and an alleviation of manual labor.