Unloading Of Cargo Research Articles

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NEARSHORE SURFACE WAVE FIELD VIA ASSIMILATION OF REMOTE SENSING DATA

Typically, phase-resolved observations of the surface wave field are limited to in situ single-point time series. Select locations and field projects may have a handful or more single-point time series, such as for example the USACE FRF “8 meter array”. Recently, phase-resolved wave field observations with more spatial coverage have become available using LIDARs; however, LIDAR scan rates are only fast enough to encompass one horizontal dimension at the necessary phase-resolving sampling rates. Imaging remote sensors, such as optical cameras and marine radars, offer the possibility of full 2D reconstruction of the phase-resolved wave field. Accurate reconstructions from these sensors would essentially be equivalent to having thousands of wave gauges. Applications include short-term wave forecasting for maritime operations (e.g., cargo unloading) and highspeed navigation, as well as control schemes for wave energy converters. Moreover, realistic wave field reconstruction of nearshore wave fields would offer a very valuable new tool for investigating the time and space varying wave forcing in the nearshore.

High-efficiency freezing-induced loading of inorganic nanoparticles and proteins into micron- and submicron-sized porous particles

We demonstrate a novel approach to the controlled loading of inorganic nanoparticles and proteins into submicron- and micron-sized porous particles. The approach is based on freezing/thawing cycles, which lead to high loading densities. The process was tested for the inclusion of Au, magnetite nanoparticles, and bovine serum albumin in biocompatible vaterite carriers of micron and submicron sizes. The amounts of loaded nanoparticles or substances were adjusted by the number of freezing/thawing cycles. Our method afforded at least a three times higher loading of magnetite nanoparticles and a four times higher loading of protein for micron vaterite particles, in comparison with conventional methods such as adsorption and coprecipitation. The capsules loaded with magnetite nanoparticles by the freezing-induced loading method moved faster in a magnetic field gradient than did the capsules loaded by adsorption or coprecipitation. Our approach allows the preparation of multicomponent nanocomposite materials with designed properties such as remote control (e.g. via the application of an electromagnetic or acoustic field) and cargo unloading. Such materials could be used as multimodal contrast agents, drug delivery systems, and sensors.

Computing experiment for unloading dumper truck at a sloping pad

The results of a computational experiment on unloading a dump truck are described. The experiment was carried out on the mathematical model of a car built on the basis of Lagrange’s equations. Before the movement (unloading) of cargo, the lifting of the platform is considered as a quasi-static process. From the equations of the equilibrium of the car and geometric relationships, analytical expressions are derived for calculating the force interaction between the platform and the frame. When the cargo moves as a monolithic block, the mathematical model is represented in the form of a system of differential equations. After the adoption of a number of assumptions, its solution was substantially simplified. An algorithm for solving the problem is proposed that implements the method of incremental change of parameters. The results of calculation of forces in hydraulic cylinders during unloading of BelAZ mining dump truck are given.

A bi-objective model for pickup and delivery pollution-routing problem with integration and consolidation shipments in cross-docking system

Abstract Cross-docking is one of the effective strategies in logistic systems that lead to the reduction of inventory costs and timely delivery of cargos. Overall, activities related to cross-docks include three general classes of loading, sorting, and unloading of cargo. By sorting, it means integration and consolidation. However, most research works merely take loading and unloading related consideration into account. Observing the considerations associated with integration and consolidation processes in cross-docking can demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy among other logistical systems alone. Increasing social awareness on sustainable development has also led to the emergence of concepts related to green and sustainable supply chain management. Thus, current research provides an integrated model for coordination between decisions related to pickup the cargo from the suppliers, vehicle routing from suppliers to the cross-dock, allocation of inbound vehicles to cross-dock, integration, and consolidation of cargo in cross-dock, allocation of sorted cargo to outbound vehicle, and vehicle routing from cross-dock to customers. The mathematical programming model provided in this research has two purposes. Firstly, it seeks for minimizing total system cost, and secondly, it aims at minimizing total fuel consumption by vehicles, which leads to the reduction of greenhouse gases. Additionally, in order to solve the proposed model, three multi-objective meta-heuristic algorithms, non-dominated ranking genetic algorithm (NRGA), non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) are developed. The results show that taking into account the processes of integration and consolidation in the cross-docking, processes of collecting products from suppliers and delivering them to customers makes it possible to obtain the more accurate estimates of the final date of delivering the products to the customers. Furthermore, the above considerations reduce the system costs and, as a result, make economic savings. Therefore, it is reasonable to justify the use of cross-docking. As a result, a sustainable and integrated structure is achieved in cross-docking planning.

Effects of Working Time and the Volume and Weight of Timber on Productivity of Log Loader Caterpillar Type 966 F and WL 980 C

Timber harvesting involves a series of activities to move timber from harvesting sites to the processing sites. The activities could be divided into four main components: felling, skidding, hauling and stockpiling. Loading at the landing site and unloading of cargo at the log yard are some of the major activities in timber harvesting. The overall activity is influenced by various factors such as timber volume and weight as well as working time. However, there has been lack of empirical information about what factors influenced by the productivity of timber harvesting in tropical forest in eastern Indonesia. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of timber volume and weight as well as the working time and their interaction on the productivity of Log Loader Caterpillar 966 F Type and WL 980 C which are the most commonly used equipments in tropical timber harvesting in Indonesia. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that on the loading productivity, the volume and weight of timber, the working time and interaction among them showed positive coefficient regression but others showed negative coefficient regression; while on the unloading productivity, volume, the working time, interaction between volume and weight of timber, and interaction between weight of timber and working time showed positive coefficient regression but others showed negative coefficient regression; and on loading and unloading productivity of cargo per round trip hauling, volume and weight of timber showed positive coefficient regression, but their interaction shows negative coefficient regression. Thus, these factors were taken into account in predicting the magnitude of tool productivity.

Optimizing multiship routing and scheduling with constraints on inventory levels in a Brazilian oil company

AbstractThis study addresses a real‐life multiship routing and scheduling application with inventory constraints that arises in pickup and delivery operations of different types of crude oil from various offshore oil rigs (platforms) to coastal terminals. Oil transportation largely results from the need to maintain inventories at each supply point (platform) between minimum and maximum levels, considering production rates in these operational points, and to meet demands of different oils in the terminals within the planning time horizon. Routing and scheduling of the available fleet aims to obtain solutions of minimum total costs, subject to various constraints such as the maximum volume of cargo carried on each ship, simultaneous cargo unloading in some terminals, conditions that rule ship docking in offshore platforms and terminal berths, among others. In this research, we modify and extend inventory constrained maritime routing and scheduling models to appropriately represent the problem of a case study at a Brazilian company and to solve small‐to‐moderate instances based on real data. We also present a matheuristic to deal with larger problem instances. Solution evaluation by company experts indicates that the model and this hybrid heuristic properly represent the problem and highlights the potential of their application in practice.

Kajian Kinerja Pelayanan General Cargo Terminal Jamrud Di Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya

Terminal Jamrud is a busy terminal among three others terminals run by PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia III branch of Tanjung Perak that serving general goods cargoes and dry bulk both dosmetically and internationally. The source of the problem to increase terminal performance are capacity building, efficiency, productivity and environment. The objectives of this study were to identify the existing performance of loading and unloading of general cargo and to arrange strategies for the development of Terminal Jamrud at Tanjung Perak Port using SWOT analysis. Based on secondary data: 1) the best operational performance of service is the productivity of loading and unloading of general cargo, 2) the best performance is the approach time (AT), 3) the waiting time (TW) has not fulfilled the expected achievement as it is stil below the standard, 4) attributes of utility services, non-container terminal dock facilities, SOR and YOR still needs to be improved. The development strategies of Terminal Jamrud at kuadran I i.e grapid rowth strategy.

Investigation into the ship motion induced moisture migration during seaborne coal transport

The inherent moisture in a coal cargo constantly migrates under the dynamic ship motion during maritime transport. The moisture often builds up at the bottom of the cargo. The accumulated water, if not removed sufficiently by the bilge well, can cause safety concerns during a voyage and difficulties during cargo unloading. The study presented in this paper aims to develop a program to investigate the moisture migration within coal cargoes in order to assess and eliminate shipping risks. The moisture migration phenomenon is initially modelled by adopting the classic infiltration theory, and considering the ship motions experienced by bulk carriers. An experimental method is developed to empirically characterise the moisture migration of a coal sample under simulated shipping dynamics. A predictive model is also developed to estimate the total moisture migration in a full size cargo by properly scaling up the experimental results. The model was validated by bilge well log collected from actual coal shipping voyages from Australia to international destinations.

A Study on Application of Folding Forklifts for the Improvement of Military Logistics

군 물류 체계상 최종 말단의 사용부대인 대대급 이하 소부대는 대부분 소규모 물류로 취급물량이 적어 지게차 등의 하역장비를 고정 운영하기에는 부적합하다. 따라서 부대 내의 하역작업은 인력 중심으로 이루어지고 있어서 근골격계 부상의 위험과 전투원의 인력이 낭비되고 있다. 현재 추진 중인 군 병력 감축방안에 따라 향후 화물 상하역을 위한 인력은 더욱 감소될 것으로 보여 장비위주 군수지원 체계 구축의 필요성이 증가되고 있다. 고정적 하역장비를 운영하기 어려운 군 물류 현장상황 및 기계화에 대한 요구를 만족시킬 수 있는 방안으로 차량에 탑재 가능한 접이식 지게차가 대안으로 떠오르고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소규모 군 물류환경의 현실태 및 문제점을 파악하고, 군의 물량 중 대표적인 2개 종류의 물류 프로세스 상에 접이식 지게차 도입 시 프로세스 개선방안에 대하여 분석을 수행하였다. 이를 통해 군량곡 수송 및 포병 탄약 수송 간에 활용 가능성과 경제적 효과를 확인하였다.In military logistics circumstance, end users are usually small units such as battalions and companies. They have difficulty operating fixed equipment such as forklift because handling volume is usually small. They use human power to load and unload cargo. Thus, there is a chance of getting musculoskeletal injury and waste of manpower. Currently, the Ministry of National Defense is implementing a troop reduction plan. Therefore, there is an increasing need to automate manual logistics works such as loading/unloading for small units using suitable equipment such as folding forklift that can be loaded into a vehicle. In this study, We identified the current situation and problems of military logistics and conducted an analysis on logistics process improvement according to the introduction of folding forklift. The analysis results show the feasibility and the economic effect of the folding forklift.

KUALITAS PELAYANAN DOKUMEN DAN KECEPATAN BONGKAR MUAT GENERAL CARGO

The study’s objective is to analyze the relationship of the documents service quality (X1) and the speed of loading and unloading of general cargo (X2) with service user satisfaction (Y) in PT Tubagus Jaya Maritim. This research uses quantitative methods, with a population of 67 consumers of PT Tubagus Jaya Maritim and the sample is 30 consumers. Data is analyzed using multiple regression and multiple linear regression, simple correlation and partial correlation. Results: 1. There is a correlation between the documents service quality with the service user satisfaction with r score of 0.794 meaning there is a very strong and positive relationship, and the regression hypothesis shows that there is significant relationship as t-score is greater than t table (10.529> 1.669) or hypothesis H1 is accepted. 2. The correlation between the speed of loading and unloading of general cargo with service user satisfaction obtained r score of 0.651 which means there is a strong and positive relationship, and the hypothesis of regression showed a significant relationship that t-score is greater than t-table (6.914> 1.669) or hypothesis H2 is accepted. 3. The results of correlation between the documents service quality and the speed of loading and unloading of general cargo together with service user satisfaction obtains r score of 0.814 which means the relationship is very strong and positive, and F-score is larger than F table (62.871> 3.140) or the research hypothesis H3 is accepted.

Recognition and Localization of Sacks for Autonomous Container Unloading by Fitting Superquadrics in Noisy, Partial Views from a Low-cost RGBD Sensor

A significant amount of cargo worldwide is transported in sacks and bags e.g. wheat, rice, coffee and cacao beans, etc. Despite being very strenuous and the health risks involved, the handling of sacks in logistics is predominantly done through manual labor. Hence, the automation of tasks such as cargo unloading from shipping containers is of high importance. However, it faces many challenges due to the unstructured nature of packaging. One of the prerequisites for creating autonomous systems for handling bags or sacks is a robust perception component. In this work, we present a perception pipeline to recognize and localize sacks with a low-cost sensor in unstructured settings with partial views. The backbone of our perception strategy is based on two main contributions presented in this work. First, we introduce a fast convexity test between neighboring patches, which is a part of a two-level segmentation leading to a robust detection of object candidates. Second, we formulate a numerically stable form of superquadric fitting, which allows for an extension of the feasible region of the corresponding optimization problem. Both of the contributions are of interest for applications using superquadrics for representing curved object parts and hence extend beyond the specific scenario of sack/bag recognition and localization presented here. The perception modules introduced in this work are embedded into a newly designed robotic platform capable of manipulating 70 kg sacks - a standard weight when transporting coffee and cocao beans. Moreover, the robot is fully integrated in a coffee storage warehouse. Therefore we substantiate our approach with experiments in a real-world scenario of autonomous unloading of coffee cargo delivered in a shipping container.

일괄 하역장비 운영을 위한 하역작업장 설계 및 경제성 분석에 관한 연구

물류센터의 생산성 및 안전도 향상을 위한 기계화 및 자동화가 급속도로 진행되고 있으며, 작업자들의 효율적이고 안전한 작업 지원을 위한 다양한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 하지만, 집배송차량과 물류센터 간 연결 역할을 하고 있는 하역작업장의 경우는 아직까지도 지게차 위주의 작업이 이루어지고 있다. 또한 지게차와 작업자가 같은 공간에서 함께 작업함에 따라 이로 인한 안전사고도 자주 발생하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 상하역자업장의 기계화 및 자동화를 통해 생산성과 안전성 향상의 문제를 해결하기 위해 여러 개의 팔레트를 한꺼번에 작업할 수 있는 일괄 하역장비들에 대해 소개하였다. 일괄 하역장비들은 새로운 개념의 하역장비로 적용 시 효율적인 운영을 위해 필요한 적정 장비 대수는 범용 4대, 전용 3대이다. 작업장 면적은 장비크기와 부가공간을 포함하여 범용 256.28㎡, 전용 207.00㎡가 필요하며 이를 기반으로 작업장 면적 및 일괄 상하역장비를 고려한 상하역작업장을 설계하였다. 또한 NPV, IRR, PBT 등 경제성 분석을 실시하였으며 주요 변수에 대한 민감도 분석을 수행하였다.

A comparative study on the design of an environmentally friendly RoPax ferry using CFD

RoPax ferries are designed for maximum efficiency, enabling smooth loading and unloading of cars, cargo and passengers. When optimising successful RoPax design, a compromise is always made between a light and compact hull geometry with diminished power requirement whilst providing substantial car and passenger capacities.In response to recent computational developments, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a widely-used design tool amongst naval architects owing to its more accurate results compared to conventional potential flow theory based techniques. By combining CFD tools with Computer Aided Design (CAD) software, it is possible to obtain useful results at an early stage of a typical ship design process.The key objective of this paper is to design an environmentally friendly RoPax ferry utilising CAD and CFD tools. This aim was achieved by developing a new RoPax design with a new green power plant configuration releasing less greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere. The performance of the green power plant was assessed through making a comparison to other power plant options. It is clearly shown in the paper that the hybrid LNG turbine is the most environmentally-friendly power option amongst the two other power plants investigated in this piece of research.

Structural optimization research on superstructure of jib crane

Because of its characteristics of high operating efficiency and low operating cost, jib crane, mainly used to complete the loading and unloading of cargo and stacking operations, has become indispensable transport equipment on ports and terminals. As the core structural component of jib crane, design of superstructure will affect the stability of machine directly. Based on the unified objective function method, the mathematical model about multi-objective optimal design of superstructure was established which superstructure was served as a whole. Reduction of the maximum of the luffing resistance moment and unbalanced torque, as well as decrease of the fluctuations of hanging point vertical displacement were taken as the objective functions, and the coordinate of the hinge point position, structure length and counterweight were regarded as the design variables. The mixed penalty function of MATLAB was used for the optimization calculation. At the same time, interface for optimization design of jib crane’s superstructure was developed with C # and MATLAB hybrid programming language at the platform of VS. This interface can achieve the visualization of optimal design process. The result after optimization indicates that fluctuations of hanging point vertical displacement, maximum of the luffing resistance moment, as well as unbalanced torque decreased. This means drive power was saved, which has important theoretical significance.

Electric Field-Induced Disruption and Releasing Viable Content from Extracellular Vesicles.

In order to more fully elucidate the biogenesis of exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and understand the role of EVs in disease processes, it is necessary to develop methods to capture EVs and induce the unloading of viable cargo. Traditionally, ultracentrifugation followed by chemical based EV lysis techniques is used to isolate these extracellular vesicles and release their internal content. Here, we describe a novel technique for capturing and releasing exosomal content through magnetic bead-based EV extraction coupled with electric field induced release and measurement (EFIRM). The usage of low-voltage electric fields allows the EV to be lysed without chemical treatment, and surface immobilized probes can allow for the rapid capture of the content of lysed EVs. EFIRM as an integrated EV lysing and analysis system offers great potential for the investigation of EVs in clinical and basic science contexts.

KUALITAS PELAYANAN DOKUMEN DAN KECEPATAN BONGKAR MUAT GENERAL CARGO

The study’s objective is to analyze the relationship of the documents service quality (X1) and the speed of loading and unloading of general cargo (X2) with service user satisfaction (Y) in Tubagus Jaya PT Maritim, either individually or jointly. Research using quantitative methods, with a population of consumers Tubagus Jaya PT Maritim many as 67 people and the determination of a sample of 30 people. Data were analyzed by using multiple regression and multiple linear regression, simple correlation and partial correlation. Results: 1. There is a correlation between the quality of service of documents by the service user satisfaction is r of 0.794 means there is a very strong relationship and the direction (positive), and the regression hypothesis there is no significant relationship to thitung greater than t table (10.529> 1.669) or hypothesis H1 be accepted. 2.Hasil correlation between the speed of loading and unloading of general cargo with service user satisfaction obtained r of 0.651 means a strong relationship and the direction (positive), and the hypothesis of regression showed a significant relationship that is greater than ttable thitung (6.914> 1.669) or hypothesis H2 be accepted. 3. Results of correlation between the quality of service of documents and speed of loading and unloading of general cargo together with service user satisfaction obtained r of 0.814 means the relationship is very strong and direct (positive), and F count larger than F table (62.871> 3.140) or the research hypothesis H3 is received.

KUALITAS PELAYANAN DOKUMEN DAN KECEPATAN BONGKAR MUAT GENERAL CARGO

The study’s objective is to analyze the relationship of the documents service quality (X1) and the speed of loading and unloading of general cargo (X2) with service user satisfaction (Y) in Tubagus Jaya PT Maritim, either individually or jointly. Research using quantitative methods, with a population of consumers Tubagus Jaya PT Maritim many as 67 people and the determination of a sample of 30 people. Data were analyzed by using multiple regression and multiple linear regression, simple correlation and partial correlation. Results: 1. There is a correlation between the quality of service of documents by the service user satisfaction is r of 0.794 means there is a very strong relationship and the direction (positive), and the regression hypothesis there is no significant relationship to thitung greater than t table (10.529> 1.669) or hypothesis H1 be accepted. 2.Hasil correlation between the speed of loading and unloading of general cargo with service user satisfaction obtained r of 0.651 means a strong relationship and the direction (positive), and the hypothesis of regression showed a significant relationship that is greater than ttable thitung (6.914> 1.669) or hypothesis H2 be accepted. 3. Results of correlation between the quality of service of documents and speed of loading and unloading of general cargo together with service user satisfaction obtained r of 0.814 means the relationship is very strong and direct (positive), and F count larger than F table (62.871> 3.140) or the research hypothesis H3 is received.

Design Support Simulator for the Improvement of Cargo Batch Loading and Unloading Systems in a Warehouse

Design Support Simulator for the Improvement of Cargo Batch Loading and Unloading Systems in a Warehouse

THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF REFRIGERATED VEHICLES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF PERISHABLE FOOD

The temperature of refrigerated products along the distribution process must be kept within close limits to ensure optimum food safety levels and high product quality. The variation of product temperature along the vehicle routing sequence is represented by non-linear functions. The temperature variability is also correlated with the time required for the refrigerated unit to recover after cargo unloading, due to the cargo discharging process. The vehicle routing optimization methods employed in traditional cargo distribution problems are generally based on the Travelling Salesman Problem with the objective of minimizing travelled distance or time. The thermal quality of routing alternatives is evaluated in this analysis with Process Capability Indices (PCI). Since temperature does not vary linearly with time, a Simulated Annealing algorithm was developed to get the optimal solution in which the minimum vehicle traveling distance is searched, but respecting the quality level expressed by a required minimum PCI value.

Detection of exosomal biomarker by electric field-induced release and measurement (EFIRM).

Exosomes are microvesicular structures that play a mediating role in intercellular communication. It is of interest to study the internal cargo of exosomes to determine if they carry disease discriminatory biomarkers. For performing exosomal analysis, it is necessary to develop a method for extracting and analyzing exosomes from target biofluids without damaging the internal content. Electric field-induced release and measurement (EFIRM) is a method for specifically extracting exosomes from biofluids, unloading their cargo, and testing their internal RNA/protein content. Using an anti-human CD63 specific antibody magnetic microparticle, exosomes are first precipitated from biofluids. Following extraction, low-voltage electric cyclic square waves (CSW) are applied to disrupt the vesicular membrane and cause cargo unloading. The content of the exosome is hybridized to DNA primers or antibodies immobilized on an electrode surface for quantification of molecular content. The EFIRM method is advantageous for extraction of exosomes and unloading cargo for analysis without lysis buffer. This method is capable of performing specific detection of both RNA and protein biomarker targets in the exosome. EFIRM extracts exosomes specifically based on their surface markers as opposed to size-based techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and assay demonstrate the functionality of the method for exosome capture and analysis. The EFIRM method was applied to exosomal analysis of 9 mice injected with human lung cancer H640 cells (a cell line transfected to express the exosome marker human CD63-GFP) in order to test their exosome profile against 11 mice receiving saline controls. Elevated levels of exosomal biomarkers (reference gene GAPDH and protein surface marker human CD63-GFP) were found for the H640 injected mice in both serum and saliva samples. Furthermore, saliva and serum samples were demonstrated to have linearity (R = 0.79). These results are suggestive for the viability of salivary exosome biomarkers for detection of distal diseases.