Unlimited Production Research Articles

Design as a Political Object: The Necessary Positioning of the Designer as an Agent of Change.

Faced with what we could consider an act of connivance with the prevailing neoliberal model of leisure and production, the designer has become an apolitical, naïve and blind subject, immersed in the unthinking action of unlimited production. Humanity must feed 8 billion people while at the same time guaranteeing both its survival and the sustainability of the planet. Given this challenge, design must resituate the subject at the centre of the model in all its fields and specialities. This repositioning must come from a politicised, eco-centric and left-wing perspective to become an engine of social change, clearly and openly confronting extreme neoliberalism and its constant growth curve, a model that has placed humanity in a process of programmed self-extinction due to the prioritisation of earnings and profit over our own existence. The upcoming generations of design professionals will play a crucial role in the planet’s future. We are facing a challenge of capital proportions in which all actors in society and the market, among which design is one of the most relevant, will have to work together in unison. From within the interconnected international system that the academy represents, it falls on us to promote and encourage new attitudes that facilitate the repositioning of designers, removed but not alien to the perverse complexities of the extreme neoliberal market. For and because of this, we seek to enervate consciences and promote reflection in pursuit of the consequent revolt, which, if disregarded, will condemn us to failure as a society and as a species.

Protocols for MPS choices in VEA models with variable returns to scale

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the implications of using different strongly efficient Decision Making Units (DMUs) as the Most Preferred Solution (MPS) in Value Efficiency Analysis (VEA) models with variable returns to scale. We provide protocols for consistent MPS choices, where a MPS choice is consistent if and only if the resulting VEA technology does not allow for free and/or unlimited production. In particular, we show that either a DMU that belongs to the set of strongly CCR-efficient DMUs or a combination of jointly strongly CCR-efficient DMUs constitute the only consistent MPS choices for both constant-returns-to-scale and variable-returns-to-scale VEA models. In addition, we show that the scale properties of the efficient VEA frontier are affected by the choice of the MPS and in essence depend on the range of the interval between the MPS’s right- and left-side scale elasticities.

Strategic deactivation of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: New applications for siRNA therapy and RIBOTACs.

The rapid development and authorization of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines by Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) and Moderna (mRNA-1273) in 2020 marked a significant milestone in human mRNA product application, overcoming previous obstacles such as mRNA instability and immunogenicity. This paper reviews the strategic modifications incorporated into these vaccines to enhance mRNA stability and translation efficiency, such as the inclusion of nucleoside modifications and optimized mRNA design elements including the 5' cap and poly(A) tail. We highlight emerging concerns regarding the wide systemic biodistribution of these mRNA vaccines leading to prolonged inflammatory responses and other safety concerns. The regulatory framework guiding the biodistribution studies is pivotal in assessing the safety profiles of new mRNA formulations in use today. The stability of mRNA vaccines, their pervasive distribution, and the longevity of the encapsulated mRNA along with unlimited production of the damaging and potentially lethal spike (S) protein call for strategies to mitigate potential adverse effects. Here, we explore the potential of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and ribonuclease targeting chimeras (RIBOTACs) as promising solutions to target, inactivate, and degrade residual and persistent vaccine mRNA, thereby potentially preventing uncontrolled S protein production and reducing toxicity. The targeted nature of siRNA and RIBOTACs allows for precise intervention, offering a path to prevent and mitigate adverse events of mRNA-based therapies. This review calls for further research into siRNA and RIBOTAC applications as antidotes and detoxication products for mRNA vaccine technology.

In vitro vascular differentiation system efficiently produces natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapies

ABSTRACT Background Immunotherapeutic innovation is crucial for limited operability tumors. CAR T-cell therapy displayed reduced efficiency against glioblastoma (GBM), likely due to mutations underlying disease progression. Natural Killer cells (NKs) detect cancer cells despite said mutations – demonstrating increased tumor elimination potential. We developed an NK differentiation system using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Via this system, genetic modifications targeting cancer treatment challenges can be introduced during pluripotency – enabling unlimited production of modified “off-the-shelf” hPSC-NKs. Methods hPSCs were differentiated into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and NKs using our novel organoid system. These cells were characterized using flow cytometric and bioinformatic analyses. HPC engraftment potential was assessed using NSG mice. NK cytotoxicity was validated using in vitro and in vitro K562 assays and further corroborated on lymphoma, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), and GBM cell lines in vitro. Results HPCs demonstrated engraftment in peripheral blood samples, and hPSC-NKs showcased morphology and functionality akin to same donor peripheral blood NKs (PB-NKs). The hPSC-NKs also displayed potential advantages regarding checkpoint inhibitor and metabolic gene expression, and demonstrated in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity against various cancers. Conclusions Our organoid system, designed to replicate in vivo cellular organization (including signaling gradients and shear stress conditions), offers a suitable environment for HPC and NK generation. The engraftable nature of HPCs and potent NK cytotoxicity against leukemia, lymphoma, DIPG, and GBM highlight the potential of this innovative system to serve as a valuable tool that will benefit cancer treatment and research – improving patient survival and quality of life.

Konstruksi Makna Hijab Dalam Film Merindu Cahaya De Amstel Karya Arumi e.

The association of hijab with the identity of Muslim women remains a subject of debate. Women have an important position in Islam. Islam is very concerned about the dignity and dignity of women. One of the social constructions formed by mass media is the social construction of veiled women. The social construction displayed by the mass media regarding veiled women fosters a certain image in society. Film is an audiovisual medium used to convey messages to groups of people congregating in a particular location. The main topic of discussion in this karya is the plot and specific details that are contained in the movie Merindu cahaya de Amstel. Qualitative research methods were used in this study. The purpose of this study is to describe the signs of the meaning of hijab and the structure of the meaning of hijab in the film Merindu Cahaya de Amstel by Arumi E. Maxstream Original and Unlimited Production. Utilized data collection techniques include document analysis and case study research. To answer the formulation of the problem described above, researchers use a qualitative approach using the semiotic analysis model of Charles Sanders Peirce. As a result, researchers found several meanings of hijab in the film Merindu Cahaya de Amstel: (1) The meaning of hijab as an identity Muslim women. (2) Maintain the social behavior of a Muslim woman. (3) Hijab embodying women with noble morals. (4) Exalting a person Muslimah. (5) Hijab as an obligation for Muslim women. Keywords: Construction, Meaning of Hijab, Semiotics.

Development of a methodology for large-scale production of prions for biological and structural studies.

Prion diseases are a group of infectious neurodegenerative diseases produced by the conversion of the normal prion protein (PrPC) into the disease-associated form (PrPSc). Extensive evidence indicate that the main or sole component of the infectious agent is PrPSc, which can replicate in affected individuals in the absence of nucleic acids. However, the mechanism of PrPC-to-PrPSc conversion remains elusive, which has been attributed to the lack of sufficient structural information of infectious PrPSc and a reliable system to study prion replication in vitro. In this article we adapted the Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification (PMCA) technology for rapid and efficient generation of highly infectious prions in large-scale. Murine prions of the RML strain were efficiently propagated in volumes up to 1,000-fold larger than conventional PMCA. The large-scale PMCA (LS-PMCA) procedure enabled to produce highly infectious prions, which maintain the strain properties of the seed used to begin the reaction. LS-PMCA was shown to work with various species and strains of prions, including mouse RML and 301C strains, hamster Hyper prion, cervid CWD prions, including a rare Norwegian CWD prion, and human CJD prions. We further improved the LS-PMCA into a bioreactor format that can operate under industry-mimicking conditions for continuous and unlimited production of PrPSc without the need to keep adding brain-derived prions. In our estimation, this bioreactor can produce in 1d an amount of prions equivalent to that present in 25 infected animals at the terminal stage of the disease. Our LS-PMCA technology may provide a valuable tool to produce large quantities of well-defined and homogeneous infectious prions for biological and structural studies.

Connecting with Generation Z: Consumer Acceptance of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Online Shopping

In the civilized era, artificial intelligence (AI) is the imitation of human intellectual functions by machines or computer systems. It is challenging for e-retailers to offer customised discounts despite the unlimited product selection in an online store at the same time, satisfy customers’ expectations while providing a distinctive customer experience. To provide clients with real experiences, recommendations and products must be tailored to their preferences and needs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to ascertain whether generation Z consumers embrace the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in online buying. This study also aimed to provide recommendations and insights for SMEs to learn more about adopting AI that will enhance their online businesses. For this study, an online survey with quantitative approach is used and gathered 135 respondents. The data were examined by using SPSS version 25. The results of the correlation study showed that each component significantly increases the adoption of AI in online purchasing. The regression research showed that technology literacy has a negative impact on artificial intelligence (AI), while all independent factors (perceived utility, perceived ease of use, and trust) have significant positive impacts on AI (AI). The R² value of the study which is 0.364 indicated good model fit. Due to the AI assistant's constant availability, customers may ask simple questions and report minor difficulties at any time without having to wait for a response. The analysis of client data also helps the online retailer better understand its customers and emerging trends. Thus, advantages like enhanced usability and customisation that satisfy consumer needs and expectations strengthen customer loyalty and boost corporate revenues over the long run.

Fourier-Optics Based Opto-Electronic Architectures for Simultaneous Multi-Band, Multi-Beam, and Wideband Transmit and Receive Phased Arrays

Current trends in wireless communications require a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) to support an ever-increasing number of antennas, wider bandwidths, multiple frequency bands, and many simultaneous beams. This is a tall order when considering all-electronic implementations, especially when operating at high carrier frequencies. We describe here Fourier-optics based opto-electronic architectures that include analog and fully connected transmit (TX) and receive (RX) implementations that support simultaneous multi-band, multi-beam phased arrays where optical up- and down-conversion are used to generate IF/RF and RF/IF, respectively, signals for simultaneous multi-user and multi-beam transmission and reception over a wide range of frequencies. The proposed lens-based architectures have the ability to transmit and receive multiple distinct beams simultaneously even when only analog beamforming is performed, thus greatly simplifying the tasks of cell search and initial access without having to resort to complex matrix-based beamforming networks. Additionally, lens-based TX and RX beamforming is performed in the analog optical domain with zero power consumption and negligible latency bounded only by the time the light takes to travel through the lens. Photonic signal processing also reduces the number of RF components required at the remote radio unit (RRU) and the number of costly and power-hungry high-performance analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog converters (ADCs/DACs) required. The optical subsystems are ultra-wideband and frequency agnostic as only the front-end components (antennas, amplifiers) are RF frequency/band specific. Therefore, a single photonic system design may be operated at any band and, furthermore, existing installations may be modified/upgraded to operate in different bands with minimal component replacements needed. Finally, the presented architectures provide near unlimited beam-bandwidth product (BBP) with minimal power requirements and no external cooling. Theoretical analysis and experimental confirmation of the proposed architecture will both be reported, including a receiver with a nominal BBP of 36 GHz with a prototype system that consumed less than 300 W, thus yielding a power efficiency of beam formation of 8 W/GHz, which is more than a 6× improvement over the current state of the art.

The perils of planning strategies to increase vitamin C content in plants: Beyond the hype.

Ever since the identification of vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AsA) as an essential molecule that humans cannot synthesize on their own, finding adequate dietary sources of AsA became a priority in nutrition research. Plants are the main producers of AsA for humans and other non-synthesizing animals. It was immediately clear that some plant species have more AsA than others. Further studies evidenced that AsA content varies in different plant organs, in different developmental stages/environmental conditions and even within different cell compartments. With the progressive discovery of the genes of the main (Smirnoff-Wheeler) and alternative pathways coding for the enzymes involved in AsA biosynthesis in plants, the simple overexpression of those genes appeared a suitable strategy for boosting AsA content in any plant species or organ. Unfortunately, overexpression experiments mostly resulted in limited, if any, AsA increase, apparently due to a tight regulation of the biosynthetic machinery. Attempts to identify regulatory steps in the pathways that could be manipulated to obtain unlimited AsA production were also less successful than expected, confirming the difficulties in "unleashing" AsA synthesis. A different approach to increase AsA content has been the overexpression of genes coding for enzymes catalyzing the recycling of the oxidized forms of vitamin C, namely monodehydroascorbate and dehydroascorbate reductases. Such approach proved mostly effective in making the overexpressors apparently more resistant to some forms of environmental stress, but once more did not solve the issue of producing massive AsA amounts for human diet. However, it should also be considered that a hypothetical unlimited increase in AsA content is likely to interfere with plant development, which is in many ways regulated by AsA availability itself. The present review article aims at summarizing the many attempts made so far to improve AsA production/content in plants, evidencing the most promising ones, and at providing information about the possible unexpected consequences of a pure biotechnological approach not keeping into account the peculiar features of the AsA system in plants.

A Targeted Review of Current Progress, Challenges and Future Perspective of g-C3 N4 based Hybrid Photocatalyst Toward Multidimensional Applications.

The increasing demand for searching highly efficient and robust technologies in the context of sustainable energy production totally rely onto the cost-effective energy efficient production technologies. Solar power technology in this regard will perceived to be extensively employed in a variety of ways in the future ahead, in terms of the combustion of petroleum-based pollutants, CO2 reduction, heterogeneous photocatalysis, as well as the formation of unlimited and sustainable hydrogen gas production. Semiconductor-based photocatalysis is regarded as potentially sustainable solution in this context. g-C3 N4 is classified as non-metallic semiconductor to overcome this energy demand and enviromental challenges, because of its superior electronic configuration, which has a median band energy of around 2.7 eV, strong photocatalytic stability, and higher light performance. The photocatalytic performance of g-C3 N4 is perceived to be inadequate, owing to its small surface area along with high rate of charge recombination. However, various synthetic strategies were applied in order to incorporate g-C3 N4 with different guest materials to increase photocatalytic performance. After these fabrication approaches, the photocatalytic activity was enhanced owing to generation of photoinduced electrons and holes, by improving light absorption ability, and boosting surface area, which provides more space for photocatalytic reaction. In this review, various metals, non-metals, metals oxide, sulfides, and ferrites have been integrated with g-C3 N4 to form mono, bimetallic, heterojunction, Z-scheme, and S-scheme-based materials for boosting performance. Also, different varieties of g-C3 N4 were utilized for different aspects of photocatalytic application i. e., water reduction, water oxidation, CO2 reduction, and photodegradation of dye pollutants, etc. As a consequence, we have assembled a summary of the latest g-C3 N4 based materials, their uses in solar energy adaption, and proper management of the environment. This research will further well explain the detail of the mechanism of all these photocatalytic processes for the next steps, as well as the age number of new insights in order to overcome the current challenges.

Parametric modeling of re-electrification by green hydrogen as an alternative to backup power

Electricity backup systems are needed to address the temporary grid failure, short-term electricity supply at the locations without grids, power surges, and massive blackouts. These power backup technologies include a combination of batteries and generators operating mostly on fossil fuels. Concerns regarding instant start capability with generators, noise, and mainly due to carbon emissions have encouraged to look for alternatives with low carbon technologies based on renewable energy sources. Stored electricity from solar, wind and other renewable sources are emerging and cost-competitive alternatives to fossil fuels-based power backup systems. Due to the high energy density, unlimited production source, and easy storage and transportation, hydrogen is emerging as an effective and efficient energy carrier and its applications for an alternative to power supply systems. Hydrogen produced from the electrolysis of water by renewable electricity makes it green and has minimum carbon emissions among the other alternatives and operates in real-time startups with no mechanical noise.Fuel cell is a growing technology and has the potential to channelize hydrogen energy as an alternative to carbon-intensive power supply systems. In a fuel cell, hydrogen combines with oxygen and produces electricity. The fuel cell is a robust design with several parameters that control its operation and capacity. This paper identifies the parameter-based modeling approach to establish a connection of power demand with hydrogen production. A mathematical model for system sizing of hydrogen production and fuel cell for re-electrification for a reference case is developed.

Flores Una Ecología del Desastre

In the film Flores (2017), Jorge Jácome places us in an indeterminate future in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores, where an ecological cataclysm caused by a plague of hydrangeas takes place. Although we are facing a fictional case, the analysis of the transformation of this scenario allows us to glimpse a mechanism that operates behind natural disasters when they are approached from ecological visions that advocate unlimited production. This example allows for a discussion about how architecture can intervene in cases like these, understanding these phenomena as design objects.

Carcinogenic hazard of "non-carcinogenic" compounds

Due to the high rates of industrialization, the biosphere is increasingly polluted by both complete carcinogens and compounds that are not able to induce a tumor on their own, but, as it turned out recently, cause changes in the cell corresponding to particular links in the chain of carcinogenesis. Some of these compounds are of great economic interest, and therefore an international agreement allows their unlimited production. At the same time, when combined, these "semi-carcinogens" can either cause malignant transformation or stimulate the action of ubiquitously widespread carcinogens. The saturation of the biosphere with such xenobiotics may be one of the universal factors of the observed increase in cancer incidence. In this regard, the practice of assessing the carcinogenic hazard of chemical compounds based on mechanistic signs should be changed, since it does not take into account the effect of the carcinogenic background of the environment. In vitro experiments should be carried out not only in standard purified media, but also with the addition of the sum of the main components of biospheric pollution in concentrations found, for example, in blood from the umbilical cord of newborns and breast milk. Such additives need to be created and standardized as is customary for Reference materials.

Fundamental Study on the Effect of Nozzle Cross-Sectional Geometry on Molding Patterns of Copper in Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing

Cold spray (CS) is a coating deposition process in which material particles in a solid state are impacted onto a substrate. Cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) is attracting attention as a new method for additive manufacturing, an additive manufacturing technology that takes advantage of the features of CS. Compared to other metal AM processes, the advantages of CSAM include reduced manufacturing time, unlimited product size, flexibility to adapt to complex geometries, and suitability for damaged component repair. On the other hand, the coating profile deposited by CS becomes triangular due to the decrease in particle velocity near the nozzle tube wall caused by tube friction and the decrease in the number of particles from the center of the nozzle to the edge of the nozzle. Therefore, the cross-section of the CSAM modeling object becomes sharply triangular as coatings are laminated. In this experiment, the rectangular nozzle, which is effective in flattening the spray pattern, is traversed in the short side direction for molding. The behavior of the working gas and copper particles on the molding pattern of the molding object at each nozzle was investigated and discussed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. As a result, the molding pattern obtained by traversing the rectangular nozzle in the short side direction was relatively flatter.

Recent Advances Towards Sustainable Materials and Processes for Energy Conversion and Storage

Recent Advances Towards Sustainable Materials and Processes for Energy Conversion and Storage

Review of the Most Important Methods of Improving the Processing Properties of Starch toward Non-Food Applications.

Starch is the second most abundantly available natural polymer in the world, after cellulose. If we add its biodegradability and non-toxicity to the natural environment, it becomes a raw material very attractive for the food and non-food industries. However, in the latter case, mainly due to the high hydrophilicity of starch, it is necessary to carry out many more or less complex operations and processes. One of the fastest growing industries in the last decade is the processing of biodegradable materials for packaging purposes. This is mainly due to awareness of producers and consumers about the dangers of unlimited production and the use of non-degradable petroleum polymers. Therefore, in the present review, an attempt was made to show the possibilities and limitations of using starch as a packaging material. The most important physicochemical features of this biopolymer are discussed, and special attention is paid to more or less environmentally friendly methods of improving its processing properties.

Development of a novel process-level water footprint assessment for textile production based on modularity

Serious regional water scarcity and pollution of wastewater have become a focus of public attention. As a large producer and exporter, Chinese textile and garment industry has not yet developed beyond high water consumption and pollution. The key to overcoming this challenge is to assess how much water is being consumed and how much wastewater is being generated. Water footprint assessment for textile production is helpful in solving this issue. Due to the long production chain and scarce data in textile production, a quickly and easily accounting for the process-level water footprint remains an international problem. This paper established a novel process-level water footprint assessment for the textile industry based on modularity. Firstly, the water footprint unit was defined and the water footprint assessment for each unit was discussed. Secondly, the water footprint unit encoding was determined by using location, scale, product-category, process and technology codes. What’s more, the reuse and assembly methods were proposed. It was intended to be practical and effective based on 80 representative dyeing and printing factories in China. Compared with the old ones, the new approach showed two advantages by the case study of cotton fabrics. The results for different products and processes can be compared. Through such comparisons, their causes, and influencing factors can be analysed. The most promising water-saving opportunities can be found, and measurements can be taken to eliminate wastewater discharge and pollution. Besides, when the water footprint database is established, it is fast and easy to reuse the water footprint unit and only needs to collect data which cannot be found in the database. The assessment makes full use of the database and cuts down double counting. Usage of a limited set of modules to create unlimited product variants. The benefits of this assessment will become stand out obviously as more and more water footprint units are added into the database.

Towards the possibility of transforming consumer culture into ecological civilization

The article analyzes the prospects of ecological civilisation in a media-driven society at the end of the 20th century and the first two decades of the 21st century. The self-identity of the individual is now formed within the culture-ideology of consumerism, which is defined by the excessive production and consumption of all kinds of goods and services. Public policies of this period are shaped by neoliberal principles emphasizing the individuals’ benefit and their profit. The result of such a culture is an intensification of environmental and social destruction at the planetary level. Almost unlimited support for the growth of production and consumption faces the limits of the planetary system, its capacity to provide resources for continued growth, and to absorb pollution. Consequently, humanity faces the instability and unpredictability of the Anthropocene. From a philosophical point of view, the global environmental crisis opens up the problem of justifying regulations restricting the freedom of unlimited production and consumption. The concept of ecological culture or ecological civilization which is developing in contemporary China can be considered as the opposite of the culture-ideology of consumerism. It emerged in China in the mid-1980s as a response to the Soviet-formulated model of ‘green culture.’ This concept integrates several ‘Western’ concepts of sustainable development, eco-Marxism, ecological democracy, but it also incorporates several traditional Chinese philosophical concepts and thus can be perceived as part of the renaissance of traditional Chinese ways of thinking and interpreting the world. The question is whether the concept of ecological civilization is a real alternative to consumer culture. If the answer to this question is affirmative, then the possibilities of transforming the culture of consumption into an ecological civilization analysed in the article should be considered as trends of sustainable development.

Recombinant Antibodies in Basic Neuroscience Research.

Basic neuroscience research employs antibodies as key reagents to label, capture, and modulate the function of proteins of interest. Antibodies are immunoglobulin proteins. Recombinant antibodies are immunoglobulin proteins whose nucleic acid coding regions, or fragments thereof, have been cloned into expression plasmids that allow for unlimited production. Recombinant antibodies offer many advantages over conventional antibodies including their unambiguous identification and digital archiving via DNA sequencing, reliable expression, ease and reliable distribution as DNA sequences and as plasmids, and the opportunity for numerous forms of engineering to enhance their utility. Recombinant antibodies exist in many different forms, each of which offers potential advantages and disadvantages for neuroscience research applications. I provide an overview of recombinant antibodies and their development. Examples of their emerging use as valuable reagents in basic neuroscience research are also discussed. Many of these examples employ recombinant antibodies in innovative experimental approaches that cannot be pursued with conventional antibodies. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Efficiency bounds and efficiency classifications in imprecise DEA: An extension

Park proposed a pair of mathematical data envelopment analysis (DEA) models to estimate the lower and upper bound of efficiency scores in the presence of imprecise data. This article illustrates that his approach suffers from some drawbacks: (i) it may convert weak ordinal data into an incorrect set of precise data; (ii) it utilizes various production frontiers to obtain an interval efficiency score for each decision making unit (DMU); (iii) in the absence of exact output data (pure ordinal output data), the approach leads to a meaningless model; (iv) the built model is infeasible with pure ordinal input data; (v) it may include free or unlimited production output which results in unreliable and suspicious results. Moreover, the utilized models by Park involve a positive lower bound (non-Archimedean epsilon) for the weights to deter them from being zero. However, the author ignored the requirement of determining a suitable value for the epsilon. This study constructs two new DEA models with a fixed and unified production frontier (the same constraint set) to compute the upper and lower bounds of efficiency. It is demonstrated that the suggested models can successfully capture the aforementioned shortcomings. Although these models are also epsilon-based, a new model is developed to obtain a suitable epsilon value for the proposed models. It is proved that the suggested approach effectively eliminates all the weaknesses. Additionally, a case study of Iranian Space Agency (ISA) industry is taken as an example to illustrate the superiority of the new approach over the previous ones.