Unknown Period Research Articles

Turning islands into bridges: Communitybased response after a catastrophic earthquake

The workforce rallying point model is intended to activate within the first 24 hours after a catastrophic earthquake. Its purpose is to provide employees with access to critical information and early response assignments following a Cascadia subduction zone-type event. The consequences from a catastrophic event could include loss of communication with departmental leadership, as well as loss of safe worksite facilities. A systems failure of this magnitude requires rethinking traditional centralised disaster response models. Building from lessons learned in past catastrophes, the City of Seattle is rewriting its earthquake response plan to account for an unknown period of isolation. The Seattle Office of Emergency Management has identified eight sites as potential workforce rallying points based on anticipated impacts to bridges, roadways and other infrastructure. Workforce rallying points serve four primary purposes: (1) citywide communications connectivity for consequence management activities, (2) City of Seattle staff collection and assignment points, (3) impact assessment and reporting hubs, and (4) public information distribution points, including the availability of in-language community messaging. The new plan embraces decentralised decision making, through workforce rallying points, and by supporting community empowerment through spontaneous community response efforts.

Moving Target at Constant Velocity Localization Using TOA Measurements from Single Moving Receiver with Unknown Signal Period

Moving Target at Constant Velocity Localization Using TOA Measurements from Single Moving Receiver with Unknown Signal Period

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COINCIDENCE FREQUENCY METER ON FPGA

Means of measuring various parameters and technical characteristics of radio equipment have always occupied leading positions in science and technology. Without an accurate definition of the relevant values, it is impossible to build modern high-quality radio communication systems, radar, navigation ground and satellite systems. In ultrasound diagnostics, which are used in medicine, the speed of blood flow in vessels is studied by determining the frequency of the reflected signal. At the same time, it is necessary to use high-speed frequency measurement tools in systems with active sensors used in telecommunication networks based on Internet of Things technology. For example, in active radar, using the frequency of the reflected signal, it is possible to calculate not only the coordinates, but also the circular speed of the moving target. Modern research is aimed at improving the metrological and technical indicators of existing measuring devices, in particular at developing new methods for correcting the characteristics of the transformation of the measuring channel, which is their main component. At the same time, most digital frequency meters are built on the method of counting the number of pulses N with an unknown period Tx that arrive at the input of the device during a calibrated time interval. All this leads to an increase in measurement time and requires additional hardware costs for fast processing of measurement results. The coincidence method belongs to vernier methods and is promising for use when measuring the frequency of periodic signals. This paper points out the shortcomings of known methods of measuring the frequency of a periodic signal. On the basis of the well-known method of coincidence, a functional scheme of a 16-bit device for measuring frequency, which is implemented on the basis of a FPGA from Intel (Altera), has been developed. The developed coincidence frequency meter has a dynamic range of 96dB. Representation of time diagrams obtained in the Quartus Prime 18.0 automated design environment and confirming the operability of the developed functional scheme of the 16-bit device for frequency measurement by the coincidence method. An analytical dependence for determining the frequency of a periodic signal during frequency measurement by the coincidence method is presented.

The leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) and plastics in the Northwest Atlantic ocean: A hazard assessment

Atlantic leatherback turtles are faced with multiple threats, such as ship strikes, pollution and predation, throughout their annual migratory routes in the Northwest (NW) Atlantic. The risks associated with encounters with floating and submerged plastic debris are currently unknown. This study is a hazard assessment of plastics for this turtle's sub-population, using 2010–2019 data from the national Great Canadian Shoreline Cleanup (GSCS) program, therefore potential exposure, and published evidence on the interactions of plastics and leatherbacks, hence potential effects. The type of plastic items and their abundance along shorelines of three Atlantic Provinces – Nova Scotia (NS), Prince Edward Island (PEI), Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) – were evaluated and compared to plastic items known to interact with leatherbacks. During the 2010–2019 period, a total of 220,590 plastic items were collected from 578 sites, representing 1264 km of shoreline. Plastic bags and rope are in the top ten most common items found on shorelines of NS, PEI, and NL. Pot gear and trap nets are in the top ten for PEI and are the 14th most common plastic item found on all shorelines. Cigarette debris is also commonly found. From the literature, plastic bags, pot gear and trap nets, and rope are known to adversely affect leatherbacks. Assuming that a large proportion of the shoreline debris comes in from the sea, after being in coastal waters for unknown periods, the study shows that such items pose a hazard to leatherbacks through ingestion and entanglement, based on published studies. Evidence is now needed on actual exposure at sea to the most common items to establish the ecological risk of plastics to these turtles in NW Atlantic waters.

LBODP020 Treatment Of Hypercalcemia Due To Prolonged, Excessive Vitamin D Intake

Abstract Case A 66-year-old man with history of anxiety, depression, and complex regional pain syndrome presented to a psychiatric hospital with suicidal ideation. Admission laboratory studies demonstrated hypercalcemia (Ca 14.2 mg/dL) with kidney injury (Cr 3.26). He endorsed taking 5 to 16 (average 8-9) tablets of 1000 IU Vitamin D daily for 10 years. He had heard about the health benefits of Vitamin D and believed it gave him a euphoric effect. Work-up demonstrated elevated ionized calcium (1.63 mmol/L), normal serum phosphorus (3.8 mg/dL), low total protein (6.24 g/dL), normal total albumin (3.42 g/dL), and negative serum protein electrophoresis. Intravenous hydration with normal saline at 200 cc/hr was initiated along with intravenous furosemide. Additional work up demonstrated a suppressed parathyroid hormone level (10pg/ml). 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-(OH)D3) levels were elevated beyond the measurable range (> 155.9 pg/mL). The plasma 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25 (OH)2D3) was normal at 44 pg/mL (range 18-64 pg/mL). With intravenous fluid administration, the patient's ionized calcium level decreased and his creatinine improved. However, 48 hours after the fluids were discontinued on hospital day 3, the ionized calcium and serum creatinine rose once again. Due to the long half-life of Vitamin D and the up-trending calcium levels, he received 60mg of intravenous Pamidronate on hospital day 8. On discharge on hospital day 11, his renal function was stable (Cr 2.24) with normal ionized calcium (1.27 mmol/L). His psychiatric symptoms had resolved. Discussion The two most common causes of hypercalcemia are primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy. Less commonly, vitamin D-mediated hypercalcemia may result from ectopic 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production or excessive Vitamin D ingestion. The known upper limit of daily Vitamin D intake in an adult that will cause no adverse risk is 4000 IU per day. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin with a half-life of approximately 2 months. The liver converts Vitamin D3 to the metabolite 25-(OH)D3, which has a half-life of 15 days, and the kidney further metabolizes this to 1α,25 (OH)2D3, which has a half-life of 15 hours. Therefore, this patient's 25-(OH)D3 was expected to remain at toxic levels for an unknown time period, placing him at risk of prolonged hypercalcemia with further deterioration of his renal function. There is no standard of care established for patients with vitamin D toxicity. Pamidronate, normally contraindicated for GFR <30 mL/min, was administered after nephrology consultation. Information about vitamin D toxicity is primarily gleaned from case reports and series. This case report serves as a model for study of Vitamin D toxicity in humans for understanding the long-term management in patients with chronic vitamin D toxicosis presenting with renal failure. Presentation: No date and time listed

MODERNIST INFLUENCES IN ROLANDS KALNIŅŠ’ FILM “FOUR WHITE SHIRTS” (ČETRI BALTI KREKLI ,1967)

The 1950s and 60s in European film history is considered to be modernist period that was most explicitly manifested in the cinema of West European countries (France, Italy and others). Fragmentation of the narrative, loosening of linkage between events, innovative approaches in editing, foregrounding of subjectivity are only some of formal techniques characterizing the modernist aesthetics in cinema. In the soviet period of Latvian film history there are merely a few films in which one can identify modernist features. Basically, those are films by Rolands Kalniņš and in particular his feature film “Four White Shirts” (1967). By its form this film is very unusual in the context of Latvian film history and it resonated with the dominant trends in West European cinema in the 1950s and 60s. “Four White Shirts”, as well as several other films by Rolands Kalniņš, like “Stone and Flinders” (Akmens un šķembas, 1966), and “Maritime Climate” (Piejūras klimats, 1974) were banned by censorship and never got to cinema screens and were practically “erased”, eliminated from the Latvian cinema processes. The present research will be an analysis of the aesthetics of Rolands Kalniņš’ film “Four White Shirts” (1967) focusing on those elements in the film that are typical for European modernist cinema. The return of the film “Four White Shirts” to the world cinema context took place half a century after it was made – its restored print was included in Cannes Film Festival programme Cannes Classics in 2018. The international premier of the film in 2018 enabled it to become the most renowned Latvian fiction film in Western Europe by revealing the internationally practically unknown modernist period of Latvian cinema in the 1960s that culminated in Rolands Kalniņš’ film “Four White Shirts”. The destiny of this film, the ban to screen it publicly affirms the fact that modernist aesthetics was considered to be unacceptable within the context of the soviet culture.

Residual nasal foreign body – a case report and review of literature

Nasal foreign bodies (NFB) account for up to 4.3% of all emergency otorhinolaryngological consultations in pediatric population. They mainly concern children aged 2-5 years old. If they remain unnoticed by a parent (e.g event happening without parental control, NFB hidden and forgotten by a child), they may stay asymptomatic for an unknown period (depending on the type of NFB and various additional circumstances) until further complications develop. Prolonged undiagnosed NFB may result in cartilage necrosis, what may lead to septal perforation or in extreme cases even to sepsis and meningitis. That is why, it is important to increase parents’ and caregivers’ awareness concerning this problem to prevent such hazardous complications. In our article we would like to present a case of a 2.5-year-old girl referred to our department by a pediatrician due to unilateral rhinitis with suspected residual nasal foreign body since unknown period, followed by mucous healing complications. We also conducted a literature review concerning the issue of NFB, and then analyzed.

CALCIFYING ODONTOGENIC CYST ASSOCIATED WITH COMPLEX ODONTOMA: A CASE REPORT

A 29-year-old man presented an asymptomatic growth in the anterior maxilla, causing a normochromic, hard swelling in the left upper alveolar mucosa, measuring 20 × 20 mm, for an unknown period. Cone beam computed tomography revealed a well-circumscribed unilocular mixed lesion, with a large central hyperintense component, causing disruption of the vestibular bone cortex. An incisional biopsy was performed, and the histopathologic diagnosis was a calcifying odontogenic cyst. Surgical excision was conducted. Gross examination showed a brown-colored fibrous and hard fragment measuring about 27 × 19 × 18 mm. On microscopic evaluation, a cystic capsule lined by nonkeratinized epithelium with polyhedral cells, basal layer cells with hyperchromatic and polarized nuclei, and numerous ghost cells were observed associated with multiple irregular deposits of dentin and inorganic enamel. The final diagnosis was calcifying odontogenic cyst associated with complex odontoma. The patient was under clinical follow-up for 2 years and no recurrence was observed.

Post-Destruction Squatter Phases in the Iron Age IIB–C Southern Levant

The destructions caused by the military campaigns of the Neo-Assyrian empire in the southern Levant during the Iron Age IIB and IIC (8th–7th centuries b.c.e.) led to mass deportations of local populations and a forced displacement of refugees. Although several studies in recent years have focused their attention on displacement and refugees in the ancient Near East during the period in question, they often deal with large scale processes, while generally neglecting more localized phenomena. Such phenomena include, among others, post-destruction squatter phases. These frequently overlooked strata reflect the resettlement of a site following its destruction by local individuals who were forced, to some degree, to leave their homes for an unknown period. This paper attempts to define some of these post-destruction squatter phases in the archaeological record during the Iron IIB–C through the analysis of nine case studies, and to examine this phenomenon from a refugee standpoint.

JOAN LA BARBARA AND THE NEW WILDERNESS PRESERVATION BAND, 1973–74

AbstractJoan La Barbara's involvement in the New Wilderness Preservation Band is an often cited but virtually unknown period of her history. And yet it may have been one of the most generative periods of her early career. Drawing upon archival documents, unreleased recordings and interviews, I narrate the history of the band, including La Barbara's early use of extended vocal techniques. I argue that her work in the band reflected a mode of collaborative authorship that is often lost in retellings of her history, and that her emergence in 1974 as a composer reflected a broader tension around authorship in bands and ensembles during these years.

TESS light curves of cataclysmic variables – I – Unknown periods in long-known stars

ABSTRACT Cataclysmic variables (CVs) exhibit a plethora of variable phenomena many of which require long, uninterrupted light curves to reveal themselves in detail. The month long data sets provided by TESS are well suited for this purpose. TESS has the additional advantage to have observed a huge number of stars, among them many CVs. Here, a search for periodic variations in a sample of CVs of the novalike and old novae subtypes is presented. In 10 of the 15 targets either previously unseen positive or negative superhumps or unusual features in known superhumps are identified. The TESS light curves demonstrate that the occurrence of superhumps in these types of CVs is not an exception but quite common. For 8 systems new or improved values for the orbital period are measured. In TV Col the long-sought optical manifestation of the white dwarf spin period is first seen in form of its orbital sideband. The mystery of multiple photometric periods observed in CP Pup in the past is explained by irregularly occurring anomalous states which are reflected in the light curve.

The Applications of The Right to Be Forgetting

The Right to be Forgotten (RTF) has appeared since the 1960s and has emerged again as the idea conflicted with the imposition of technical reality in terms of retaining personal data for unknown periods of time that may be difficult unless it is impossible to erase it from the virtual map. There are many activities that users carry out over the Internet, whether in the form of comments, special news, pictures, or personal information, whether the user himself puts it or another party publishes it, which includes a process of transition from the control of an owner of the information over to the control of other parties. This transition process has brought many problems to Internet users and has become a clear threat to their privacy and their right to enter forgotten. Hence, this has precipitated the emergence of a new legal concept, which is the right to digital forgetting as a right to the private life of the individual. This research aims to define the right to digital forgetting, define areas of its application, and clarify the viewpoint of legislators, jurisprudence and the judiciary, as it is an emerging concept in the international and local legal arena

Optimal control of the multi-module vibration-driven locomotion robot

The vibration-driven robot utilizes the periodic inertia force from the oscillator to realize locomotion. Because its movement does not rely on wheels or legs, the robot's body can be designed very neatly for working in restricted circumstances such as pipeline inspection and post-disaster rescue. Because high mobility is essential in these applications, the issue of actuation design to maximize the robot's average locomotion velocity emerges. Distinct from parameter optimization at given actuation patterns, the present paper represents the actuation design as the problem of optimal control and constructs an evolutionary algorithm to solve it. First, taking advantage of the periodicity, the internal actuation is represented as the Fourier series with the unknown period, harmonic coefficients, and phase shifts. Then, the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) is employed to optimize the unknown multi-parameters. Numerical results show that the optimal actuation of the one-module robot with isotropic friction is consistent with existing theoretical solutions, which verifies the correctness and practicability of our general scheme. Further explorations of the multi-module robot reveal that the optimal actuation continuously degenerates from the three-phase pattern to the two-phase when the friction ratio gradually attenuates to zero. Most importantly, although the optimal actuation phase shift between adjacent robot modules has been commonly accepted as half of the actuation period, the proposed scheme finds that the average velocity indeed maintains the maximum within a certain phase margin. As can be expected, this robustness will relax the burden of sophisticated actuation tuning in practice.

Formation Conditions And Debris Flow Regime In Jiangjia Ravine, Yunnan, China – Applicability Of Russian Methodology

The requirements of the debris flows’ parameters assessments vary from country to country. They are based on different theoretical and empirical constructions and are validated by data from different regions. This makes difficult comparison of the reported results on estimated debris flows activity and extent. The Russian normative documents for the debris flows’ parameters calculations are based on empirically-measured parameters in wide range of geological and climatic conditions at the territory of former USSR, but still not cover all the possible conditions of debris flow formation. An attempt was made to check applicability of the Russian empirical constructions for the conditions of the debris flows formation in Yunnan, China, where unique long-term dataset of debris flows characteristics is collected by the Dongchuan Debris Flow Observation and Research Station. The results show, that in general the accepted in Russia methodology of calculation of the parameters of debris flows of certain probability corresponded well to the observed in Dongchuan debris flows characteristics. Some discrepancies (in the average debris flow depth) can be explained by unknown exact return period of the actually observed debris flows. This allowed to conclude that the presently adopted empirical dependencies based on country-wide (USSR) empirical data can be extrapolated up to the monsoon climate and geological conditions of Yunnan province.

Early and Bi-hemispheric seizure onset in a rat glioblastoma Multiforme model

GBM is the most life-threatening neurological disease with annual incidence of ∼ 5 cases per 100,000 people and a median survival of less than 15 months. Seizures are the first clinical symptoms in 40%-45% of patients with GBM and its epileptogenic mechanisms are poorly understood, largely due to the challenge to develop a clinically-relevant animal model and the unknown latent period. In this study, we used continuous video-EEG monitoring to detect the earliest interictal and ictal events in a CRISPR- IUE GBM rat model that shares pathological and clinical features with those observed in human patients. To our best knowledge, we showed for the first time that interictal epileptiform discharges emerged during early postnatal weeks and the first ictal event occurred during the fourth postnatal week. We also showed GBM animals showed independent bi-hemispheric epileptogenic events, suggesting a widespread circuitry dysregulation. Together, our work identified the temporal- and spatial frame of epileptogenic network in a highly clinically-relevant GBM animal model, paving ways for mechanistic studies at molecular, cellular and circuitry levels.

Is our breathing optimal? Solving a piecewise linear model with constraints

This paper is motivated by a question related to the control of amplitude and frequency of breathing. We present a simplified mathematical model, consisting of two piecewise linear ordinary differential equations, that could represent gas exchange in the lungs. We then define and solve an optimal control problem with unknown durations of inhalation and exhalation, subject to several constraints. The durations are divided such that one of the state variables is strictly increasing during the first phase and decreasing during the second phase. The optimal control problem can be solved analytically. One analytical solution is found when the forcing is a given sinusoidal function with unknown period and amplitude. Other analytical solutions are found when the forcing function, the period and the duration of the first phase are unknown but the amplitude is given. Our results show that different cost functions can produce different optimal forcing functions. We also show that the shape of these functions does not affect the average levels of oxygen in the lungs-the average level of oxygen is only dependent on the amplitude and period of breathing in the model we present.

Udział polskich ziemian z Mińszczyzny w pracach rady nadzwyczajnej do spraw związanych z potrzebami gospodarki rolnej w Rosji w latach 1902-1903

The article presents an unknown period from the history of the Polish gentry from the Taken Lands at the beginning of the 20th century. It shows the participation of Polish landowners in the work of the Extraordinary Council for matters connected with the needs of agriculture in the Minsk guberniya in 1902-1903, the purpose of which was to describe the state of agriculture in Russia and to indicate ways of its modernization. The Polish landowners, gathered in the Minsk Agricultural Society, were the most active element among all members of the 9 discrits committees in the Minsk guberniya. For the first time since the fall of the January Uprising, they had the opportunity to show their organizational skills and substantive preparation for the discussion on the situation of agriculture in the Minsk guberniya.

Robust Inference for Nonstationary Time Series with Possibly Multiple Changing Periodic Structures

Motivated by two examples concerning global warming and monthly total import and export by China, we study time series that contain a nonparametric periodic component with an unknown period, a nonparametric trending behavior and also additive covariate effects. Further, as the amplitude function may change at some known or unknown change-point(s), we extend our model to take this dynamical periodicity into account and introduce two change-point estimators. To the best of knowledge, this is the first work to study such complex periodic structure. A two-step estimation procedure is proposed to estimate accurately the periodicity, trend and covariate effects. First, we estimate the period with the trend and covariate effects being approximated by B-splines rather than being ignored. To achieve robustness we employ a penalized M-estimation method which uses post model selection inference ideas. Next, given the period estimate, we estimate the amplitude, trend and covariate effects. Asymptotic properties of our estimators are derived, including consistency of the period estimator and asymptotic normality and oracle property of the estimated periodic sequence, trend and covariate effects. Simulation studies confirm superiority of our method and illustrate good performance of our change-point estimators. Applications to the two motivating examples demonstrate utilities of our methods.

A small step or a giant leap: Accounting for settlement delay and dispersal in restoration planning.

Understanding larval duration and hence dispersal potential of the European oyster Ostrea edulis is crucial to inform restoration strategies. Laval duration has an obligatory period of maturity to pediveliger (when larvae are ready to settle), but also an unknown period until metamorphosis is triggered by a settlement cue. The extent to which larvae can prolong the pediveliger period and delay metamorphosis has not been studied. Here we show that O. edulis larvae can delay metamorphosis for a period of 11 days, while retaining the capability to settle in high proportions when presented with a suitable settlement cue. O. edulis larvae are likely to be able to delay metamorphosis even further, since 80% of larvae in the control treatment were still alive when the experiment was terminated at day 14. The results indicate the ability of O. edulis larvae to more than double pelagic duration and probably further delay metamorphosis. We discuss these findings in the context of larval mortality, and the importance of O. edulis’ larval settlement requirements for dispersal potential, recruitment success and connectivity of restoration sites.

Are plastic particles reduced in size in seabirds' stomachs?

Many studies have quantified plastic loads in seabirds' stomachs but provide imprecise estimates of retention time. Quantifying retention time is fundamental for assessing biological impact and for the use of plastic as bioindicators of plastic pollution. Presumably, plastic is retained in the grinding section of the stomach (gizzard or ventriculus) until ground small enough and particles then pass into intestines and are defecated. We assume that particle size is related to time in the ventriculus and compared size of plastic particles in juveniles, which were exposed to plastic for a known time, to non-juveniles which were exposed for an unknown longer period. Plastic particles from Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) were of similar size between groups suggesting similar wear and retention time. Cassin's Auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) juveniles contained larger particles than adults suggesting particles retained in adults were worn down and thus held for a longer period.