State University Research Research Articles

The effect of nurses' Machiavellian and deontic justice personality on the tendency to make medical errors and other factors: a cross-sectional study.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nurses' Machiavellian and deontic justice personality on the tendency to make medical errors. Additionally, conducted to investigate the other factors associated with nurses' tendency to make medical errors. This cross-sectional study consisted of 345 nurses working in a state university medical faculty health application and research hospital, and data were collected using the Medical Error Tendency in Nursing Scale, the Machiavellian Personality Scale, and the Deontic Justice Scale. Machiavellian and deontic justice personality of nurses effect in low level their tendency to make medical errors (R = 0.284, p = 0.001). As the nurses' Machiavellian tendencies increased, their propensity toward making medical errors also increased. The increase in Nurses' deontic justice reduced their tendency toward medical errors (p < 0.05). A significant difference was found between nurses' mean tendency to medical errors scores and their age, working life/years, the number of night shifts, the daily number of patients provided with care, the status of working in the COVID-19 service, and the status of having received education on medical errors (p < 0.05). Nurses' Machiavellian tendencies and deontic justice approach affect their propensity to make medical errors. Nurses who have a Machiavellian tendency and poor deontic justice have a high tendency to make medical errors. Nurses' age, working life/years, the number of night shifts, the daily number of patients they provide care for, working in the COVID-19 service, and having received education on medical errors were the other factors affecting their tendency to make medical errors. This study demonstrated that nurses' personality traits can cause medical errors. Generations are changing in the world and personality are also changing. Therefore, including personal development in nursing education could be a positive approach for medical errors.

Optimizing faba bean cultivation: assessing varietal performance in spring and fall

The need to identify specialty crops in Virginia has driven interest in faba beans (Vicia faba L.), which offer potential benefits for crop rotation systems. As a cool-season crop, faba beans can be planted in both fall and spring, providing flexibility in farming schedules. A field study was conducted at Randolph Farm, the Virginia State University Research and Extension Farm, using a completely randomized factorial block design. This study examines the performance of seven faba bean varieties—Ethiopia, NEB247, Aprovecho, EN3, EN47, Windsor and EN45—across three spring (late February, late March and mid April), and three fall (late September, early October and late October) planting dates. Our results demonstrate that both variety and planting date significantly influence the yield and yield components of faba beans. Among the varieties tested, Windsor and EN47 exhibited superior traits across multiple categories, making them preferable for achieving high yields. Conversely, varieties such as EN45, Aprovecho, and NEB247 showed poor performance. Fall planting dates generally resulted in superior growth, yield, and maturity characteristics, underscoring their importance for maximizing faba bean production. We observed that faba beans planted in the fall had 58% more branches, 100% more shoot dry matter, 34% higher 100-seed weight, double the grain yields, and 8% higher harvest index compared to those planted in the spring. To further enhance faba bean production, additional studies are suggested to clarify the physiological relationships between photosynthesis rates and the sink-source dynamics. Furthermore, investigating how planting dates impact the nutrient components of faba beans will provide deeper insights into optimizing their cultivation.

Synergistic effect of pyridate-based herbicide mixtures for controlling multiple herbicide-resistant kochia

Abstract Multiple herbicide classes resistant (MHCR) kochia poses a serious concern for producers in the Central Great Plains, including western Kansas. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted at Kansas State University Research and Extension Centers near Hays and Garden City, KS to evaluate pyridate-based postemergence (POST) herbicide mixtures for controlling MHCR kochia. One previously confirmed MHCR population (resistant to atrazine, glyphosate, dicamba, and fluroxypyr) and a susceptible (SUS) kochia population were tested in a greenhouse study. The kochia population at Hays field site was resistant to atrazine, dicamba, and glyphosate while kochia population at Garden City site was resistant to atrazine and glyphosate. Colby’s analysis revealed synergistic interactions when pyridate was mixed with atrazine, dicamba, dichlorprop-p, fluroxypyr, glyphosate, or halauxifen/fluroxypyr and resulted in ≥94% control and shoot dry biomass reduction of MHCR kochia in a greenhouse study. Similarly, synergistic interactions were observed for MHCR kochia control in fallow field studies at both sites when pyridate was mixed with glyphosate or atrazine. Kochia control was increased from 26% to 90% with the application of glyphosate + pyridate and from 28% to 95% with atrazine + pyridate at both sites as compared to separate applications of glyphosate or atrazine. This is the first report for such a strong synergistic effect for both glyphosate and atrazine mixtures with pyridate on a weed resistant to both. All other pyridate-based herbicide mixtures showed an additive interaction and resulted in better control of MHCR kochia (87 to 100%) as compared to their individual applications (23 to 92%) across both sites except 2,4-D. These results suggest that pyridate can play a crucial role in various POST herbicide mixtures for effective control of MHCR kochia.

First Report of Dalbulus maidis (DeLong and Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Oklahoma.

The corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong and Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is an invasive insect that can cause damage to maize (Zea mays L.) in two ways: by direct feeding and the transmission of several plant pathogens. Dalbulus maidis is an invasive and serious economic pest of maize that has spread from its center of origin in Mexico to the southernmost parts of the United States. Prior to 2024, corn leafhoppers had not been documented in Oklahoma, and their spread northward toward the United States corn belt is of significant concern. Here, we provide the first reports of the insect in maize in several Oklahoma counties. Insect specimens were collected at various commercial and experimental field sites by Oklahoma State University research and extension personnel. The identity of the insect species was validated through morphological and molecular taxonomy. The presence records for the corn leafhopper presented here provide valuable information for future monitoring and management efforts of this economically important pest and disease.

Soil degradation around Orji municipal solid waste dump site: a spatial assessment.

The present study assessed the impact of municipal solid waste dump on the degradation of soil around Orji dump site. A total of 15 soil samples were collected for this study. Twelve soil samples were collected around the dump site at 0m, 10m, and 20m distance and three from Imo State University (IMSU) research farm as control. The samples were collected from the east, west, north, and south of the dump site. The samples were subjected to laboratory analyses. The mean results obtained indicate that the values of the dump site soil parameters analyzed ranged from 86.67 to 89.00% (sand), 4.33 to 5.67% (silt), 7.00 to 7.67% (clay), 6.80 to 7.50 (pH), 4.33 to 7.00 dS m-1 electric conductivity (EC), 0.0028 to 0.0045mgkg-1 (salinity), 2.36 to 3.76% soil organic matter (SOM), 24.13 to 38.93 cmolc kg-1 cation exchange capacity (CEC), 4.50 to 9.57 cmolc kg-1 calcium (Ca), and 1.0 to 2.25 cmolc kg-1 magnesium (Mg). At the control, mean values were 81.24% (sand), 6.39% (silt), 12.45% (clay), 5.69 (pH), 0.47 dS m-1 (EC), 0.0005mgkg-1 (salinity), 1.99% (SOM), 5.08 cmolc kg-1 (CEC), 2.17 cmolc kg-1 (Ca), and 1.67 cmolc kg-1 (Mg). These values showed substantial enrichment. Correlations indicate that EC, salinity, and CEC majorly determined the availability of most of the parameters analyzed. Soil degradation index (SDI) was used to determine degradation around the dump site. It ranged from 2.546.61% (0m) to 1573.50% (10m) and 1.603.73% (20m). Thus, distance affected the rate of soil degradation in all directions away from the dump site.

Measures of state regulation and support of the soybean breeding and seed production industry

Abstract One of the priority directions of economy in different countries of the world is the application of measures of state support and regulation of the agricultural industry, including laws and various programs that foster sustainable development of agriculture. In view of prevailing social and economic conditions in Russia, the problem of domestic supply of agricultural production with in-country selected high-yielding varieties of soybean and intensification of domestic seed production has become acute. Currently, the State is providing support to the seed industry and is intended to ensure import substitution in the seed market in the foreseeable future. However, there are also revealed some problems, which are mostly related to the functioning of state breeding and seed production centers, which include state breeding plots, breeding and seed production farms at research institutions and agrarian universities. To solve these problems, state research organizations and universities should become full-fledged participants of the seed market on a par with business. Achieving the assigned tasks should be facilitated by measures, supporting science and innovation at the state level.

PSVII-30 Winter-feeding high concentrate diets reduces enteric methane emissions pre-calving in beef cows

Abstract Objectives were to evaluate the effects of winter-feeding forage (2.02 Mcal/kg dietary ME) vs. concentrate (2.84 Mcal/kg of dietary ME) diets pre- and post- calving on enteric methane emissions, dry matter intake (DMI), and performance of beef cows. Forty-six pregnant (210 ± 10 d of gestation) Angus and Simmental-Angus cows [n = 46; body weight (BW) = 630 ± 12.0 kg) were blocked by breed, age, and BW and assigned to one of two treatments: 1) Ad-libitum feeding of forage-based diet (HFOR; n = 23); or 2) a concentrate corn-based diet with a restricted intake of 1.2% BW (HCON; n = 23). Cows were housed in a group-pen at the South Dakota State University Cow-Calf Education and Research Facility (Brookings, SD). Feed consumption was tracked using an electronic feeder (Insentec, The Hague, Netherlands) and enteric methane emissions were monitored using the GreenFeed trailer system (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD). Body weight measurements were taken bi-weekly. Treatments started being applied on d 50 (± 10) pre-calving and will continue to be applied up to d 84 post-calving. Preliminary data reported herein was collected from d 42 pre-calving up to d 42 post-calving. Performance and dry matter intake data were analyzed as repeated measures using the MIXED procedure of SAS with treatment, period, and their interaction as fixed effects and animal as a random effect. Enteric emissions were analyzed using a linear mixed effects model with animal as a random effect in R, with a post-hoc contrast among treatments. Pre-calving, HFOR had greater (P &amp;lt; 0.01) CH4 emissions than HCON (264 ± 9.19 g/d and 246 ± 9 g/d for HFOR and HCON, respectively). Both groups presented dynamic changes in CH4 emissions over time (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Post-calving, no differences were observed between treatments (P = 0.55); however, temporal changes (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and treatment × d interaction (P &amp;lt; 0.01) persisted, indicating ongoing diet-temporal interplay. No treatment × period interactions (P ≥ 0.16) were observed for DMI and performance. As designed, dry matter intake was less (P &amp;lt; 0.01) for HCON (8.66 ± 0.45 kg) than HFOR (17.3 ± 0.45 kg) cows. Further, dry matter intake was less (P &amp;lt; 0.01) pre-calving (11.11 ± 0.28 kg) than post-calving (14.85 ± 0.48 kg). Cows in the HFOR group were heavier (P = 0.01) than HCON (646.22 ± 14 kg vs. 593.43 ± 14 kg, respectively) likely due to ruminal fill; and as expected cows were heavier (P &amp;lt; 0.01) pre- than post-calving, with the greatest BW observed on d 14 pre-calving (639.52 ± 9.92 kg). These data indicate that high concentrate corn-based diets may be used in dry-lot settings to optimize nutritional management and reduce methane emissions when compared with conventional high forage winter-feeding strategies.

511 Assessing the carry-over effects of precision livestock technology on steer performance and carcass characteristics

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate how virtual fencing grazing management during the stocker phase influences steer growth performance, carcass traits, and enteric emissions during the finishing phase. Angus steers [n = 96; initial body weight (BW) = 375 ± 7.2 kg) grazed native rangeland from 07 June 2023 to 31 August 2023 in Cottonwood, SD at South Dakota State University’s Cottonwood Field Station. Following summer grazing, steers were transported to Brookings, SD and fed for 130-d at the South Dakota State University Cow-Calf Education and Research Facility. During the summer grazing season, steers were assigned to different stocking rates (Light, Moderate, and Heavy, at 0.32, 0.42, and 0.72 animal unit months, respectively), and grazing strategies [continuous (CG) or virtual fencing rotational (RG)] in a 2 × 3 factorial design. Steers were transitioned from a 30% roughage to a 10% roughage diet over 21-d. The finishing diet (13.7% CP, 17.2% NDF, 1.36 Mcal/kg NEg, and 30 g/907-kg monensin sodium) was manufactured twice daily and provided ad libitum. Feed consumption was tracked using precision monitoring equipment (Insentec, The Hague, Netherlands). Steers were individually weighed on d 1 (entry BW), 21, 63, 90, and 130 and administered a steroidal implant (200 mg trenbolone acetate and 20 mg estradiol; Revalor-200, Merck Animal Health, DeSoto, KS) on d 21. Enteric emissions, including methane and carbon dioxide, were monitored using the GreenFeed trailer system (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD), growth performance, carcass traits, and categorical carcass traits were analyzed in a factorial design using a randomized complete block design with individual steer considered the experimental unit. Final BW was determined from hot carcass weight divided by 0.625. Steers from heavy-CG had greater feedlot entry BW (P ≤ 0.05) compared with all treatments except light-CG and light-RG. Light-CG and light-RG had greater entry BW compared with heavy-RG (P ≤ 0.05). Gain efficiency was greater for light-CG compared with light-RG, moderate-CG, and heavy-CG (P ≤ 0.05), while moderate-RG and heavy-RG were intermediate (P ≤ 0.05). Steers from moderate-RG had greater marbling scores compared with heavy-RG (P = 0.05), and all other treatments were intermediate. Neither stocking density (P ≥ 0.15) nor grazing management strategy (P ≥ 0.13) had any influence on other measures of growth performance, emissions (CH4 and CO2) production rate, or carcass traits. These findings suggest that stocking density and grazing-management strategy (CG vs. virtual fencing-RG) influence gains on pasture and alter feedlot entry BW, highlighting the need for further investigation into their implications for greenhouse gas emissions, as well as for determining optimal stocking densities and management strategies for ranchers

Sustaining Soil Biological Activity: The Role of Extended Reduced and No-Tillage Techniques

Soil management techniques can have varying effects on various soil properties. This study investigated the impact of various tillage techniques on soil properties for 14 years. The experiment was conducted at the Çukurova University Research Station, located in a region with a dominant Mediterranean climate. The research aimed to assess the changes in soil organic matter (SOM) content, soil respiration (SR), dehydrogenase enzyme activity (DHA), and soil temperature (ST) under seven different long-term tillage practices. The results revealed significant increases (p ≤ 0.05) in SOM (17-115%), SR (19-37%), and DHA (63-142%), under conservation tillage compared to conventional tillage practices. Additionally, conventional tillage with stubble burned consistently had the lowest values across all measured properties. Seasons variations also significantly (p≤0.05) affected the observed values. These findings suggest that conventional tillage practices have a negative effect on the analyzed biological activities, with stubble burning further exacerbating this impact. Further research exploring the long-term effects of different tillage practices under varying crop rotations and soil conditions can contribute to the sustainable development of agricultural production in the region.

Monitoring of the technical condition of diesel lubrication system units using the KI-28256.01 stand

To successfully solve the issue of assessing the technical condition, running-in and tuning of components and assemblies (pumps and fi lters) of tractor diesels for repair enterprises and ensuring the learning process for agroengineering educational institutions, the State Research University has developed a diagnostic stand KI-28256.01.

Metal-(Acyclic Diaminocarbene) Complexes Demonstrate Nanomolar Antiproliferative Activity against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Invited for the cover of this issue are Tatiyana Serebryanskaya, Mikhail Kinzhalov and co-workers at St. Petersburg State University, the Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Togliatti State University and Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. The image depicts the shield of Pallas Athena with the structure of a palladium carbene complex that protects against triple-negative breast cancer. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202400101.

Comparison of Straw Mulching and Herbicide Levels for Control of Various Weed Species in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Weed management in maize is one of biggest concerns for growers. To reduce dependence on chemicals and chances of herbicide resistant weeds, and to improve soil status, thus straw mulching was added as cultural component with chemicals for improving weed management in maize. Field experiments were conducted at two locations (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, and Regional Research Station, Gurdaspur) during kharif season to find out the influence of different paddy straw mulch and herbicides for control of various weeds species in maize. The results showed that application of paddy straw mulch 6.25 t/ha effectively controlled Eleusine indica, Cynodon dactylon, Commelina benghalensis, Eragrostis tenella, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa colona, Trianthema portulacastrum, Portulaca oleracea, Phyllanthus niruri, Euphorbia hirta, Conyza stricta and Cyperus compressus over no mulching. In addition to above weed species, paddy straw mulch 9.0 t/ha also effectively reduced density of Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Acrachne racemosa, Digera arvensis, Mollugo nudicaulis, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Amaranthus viridis and Veronica agrestis and Cyperus rotundus as compared to 6.25 t/ha and no mulch treatment. Atrazine pre emergence at 1.0 kg/ha controlled Eleusine indica, Echinochloa crusgalli, Eragrostis tenella, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa colona, Trianthema portulacastrum, Mollugo nudicaulis, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Digera arvensis, Amaranthus viridis and Cyperus compressus compared to its lower dose (0.8 kg/ha) and control at all stages. Post emergence application of tembotrione reduced the density of all weed species compared to atrazine and unweeded control.

Study protocol to assess aflatoxin M1 health risks versus benefits of dairy consumption in Ethiopian children: an epidemiological trial and risk-benefit analysis

IntroductionIn Sidama, Ethiopia, animal-source foods can be difficult to access. Milk has important nutrients for child growth, but carries the risk of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination. AFM1 is a metabolite...

The Productivity and Carbon Exchange of an Intensively Managed Pasture in Central Kentucky

Intensive pasture management that aims at providing season-long forage while minimizing soil degradation is increasingly becoming an important grazing strategy in Kentucky. Typically, it involves the use of high-yielding warm and cool season forage species that are well suited to local soil and climate conditions, meeting the dual-purpose provision of high nutritional value while remaining resilient to grazing pressure and changing climate. Monitoring carbon exchange is a crucial component for effective pasture management to promote sustainable pastureland management practices. We hypothesized that pasturelands, when intensively managed, would exhibit a small but important CO2 cumulative uptake year-round. We used the Eddy covariance method to measure the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) and productivity of an intensively managed pastureland at Kentucky State University Research and Demonstration station from 2015 to 2020. The study has two objectives: to quantify interannual variability in net ecosystem exchange, and examine the controlling environmental factors, in particular temperature, sunlight, and precipitation of NEE. Diurnal and seasonal fluctuations followed typical patterns of carbon uptake and release. Overall, the pasture site consistently was carbon sink except for 2016, in part due to a warmer winter season than usual, sequestering 1394 gCm−2 over the study period. Precipitation and temperature were critical environmental factors underpinning seasonal CO2 uptake and release. Of critical importance was the net carbon uptake during the non-growing season.

113 Investigation of differences in pregnancy associated glycoproteins due to different fetal parameters (sex and number) using commercial tests in multiparous ewes

Abstract Pregnancy detection is an extremely valuable practice in animal production systems as it allows for identification of pregnant or nonpregnant females and thus contributes to informed management decisions. Unfortunately, blood pregnancy tests simply provide a yes or no answer to pregnancy status. Multiparous ewes (n = 20) at the Arkansas State University Teaching and Research Center were enrolled in a study to evaluate whether lamb number or sex would impact commercial blood pregnancy test results. Weekly blood samples were collected, for a total of 5 blood samples during the breeding season (11/14/22, 11/21/22, 11/28/22, 12/5/22, and 12/12/22) ewes were followed through lambing to determine lamb number and sex. Whole blood samples were centrifuged at 2,000 x g and plasma harvested and stored at -20 C until analysis for pregnancy associated glycoproteins was completed. Plasma samples were analyzed using two commercially available blood pregnancy tests, Rapid Visual Pregnancy Test (RV plate) and OnFarm Pregnancy Test (SNAP). The RV Plate is a 96-well ELISA test that is designed to be interpreted visually by comparison with the positive (PC) and negative (NC) control wells. The RV Plate and SNAP tests were completed, and results interpreted by two technicians blind to pregnancy status using a scoring system (0 = same or less color than NC; 1 = slightly more color than NC; 2 = slightly less color than PC; 3 = same or more color than PC; 0 and 1 = not pregnant, 2 and 3 = pregnant) or by manufacturer’s instructions (SNAP). Lambing revealed a total of 18 female lambs and 13 male lambs born to the 20 ewes, furthermore, there were 6 singleton, 11 twins, and 1 set of triplets. Total score count results from the RV Plate indicate that as gestational age increased the number of 3 scores increased (11/14/22 = zero scores of ‘3’; 12/12/22 = 55 scores of ‘3’), however, overall, there were no statistical differences in pregnancy status across ewes (P = 0.78). All SNAP test results were immediate and positive for pregnancy for all collections apart from one ewe, 9113, with a conception date of 10/19/22. Ewe 9113 SNAP test result for the first collection was “not pregnant”, and for the second collection date, a positive result did not appear until 5 min and 43 sec. Lambing revealed that 9113 had a singleton female lamb. Based on the present study, sex and number of lamb offspring could not be determined by commercial blood pregnancy tests. In the present study, the earliest confirmed pregnancy determined retrospectively by subtracting average ewe gestation length (152 d) from the lambing date was determined to be September 28th but blood sampling and testing for PAGs did not begin until November 14th, therefore, further studies are needed that initiate blood sampling sooner.

A Survey of Results of St. Petersburg State University Research School on Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations. I

A Survey of Results of St. Petersburg State University Research School on Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations. I

Gamma-ray Spectroscopy in Low-Power Nuclear Research Reactors

Gamma-ray spectroscopy is an effective technique for radioactive material characterization, routine inventory verification, nuclear safeguards, health physics, and source search scenarios. Gamma-ray spectrometers typically cannot be operated in the immediate vicinity of nuclear reactors due to their high flux fields and their resulting inability to resolve individual pulses. Low-power reactor facilities offer the possibility to study reactor gamma-ray fields, a domain of experiments hitherto poorly explored. In this work, we present gamma-ray spectroscopy experiments performed with various detectors in two reactors: The EPFL zero-power research reactor CROCUS, and the neutron beam facility at the Ohio State University Research Reactor (OSURR). We employed inorganic scintillators (CeBr3), organic scintillators (trans-stilbene and organic glass), and high-purity germanium semiconductors (HPGe) to cover a range of typical—and new—instruments used in gamma-ray spectroscopy. The aim of this study is to provide a guideline for reactor users regarding detector performance, observed responses, and therefore available information in the reactor photon fields up to 2 MeV. The results indicate several future prospects, such as the online (at criticality) monitoring of fission products (like Xe, I, and La), dual-particle sensitive experiments, and code validation opportunities.

Brazil's battle against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks: current strategies and future directions.

Ticks are parasitic arthropods that cause significant economic losses to livestock production worldwide. Although Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, the cattle tick, occurs throughout the Brazilian territory, there is no official program to control this tick, which is the vector of tick fever pathogens. We address the situation of R. (B.) microplus resistance to synthetic acaricides in Brazil, including cattle tick management; the status of tick resistance per Brazilian state; the history of resistance occurrence of different acaricides; multiple resistance occurrence; and the main strategies for integrated tick management. Tick control in Brazil is characterized by management errors. Local laboratories affiliated with federal and state research institutions and universities employ the Adult Immersion Test as a primary diagnostic method to assess acaricide resistance to topically applied drugs. Only three states (Acre, Amapá, and Amazonas) have no reports on resistant populations. Misinformation on tick control strategies, misuse of available products for tick control, no adoption of Integrated Parasite Management (IPM) practices, low technical support to producers, and the high-speed emergence of acaricide-resistant tick populations are the main problems. We also propose a list of needs and priorities for cattle tick control regarding communication, research, and policies.

A survey of results of St.Petersburg State University research school on nonlinear partial differential equations I

The article contains a review of the most important results obtained in the framework of the St.Petersburg State University research school on nonlinear PDEs (the O.A. Ladyzhenskaya - N.N. Uraltseva school). The main attention is paid to the works carried out at our university over the past 50 years. The first part of the review concerns the solvability and qualitative properties of solutions to boundary value problems for the second order scalar quasilinear elliptic and parabolic equations, as well as variational problems. The planned second part of the review will include sections on fully nonlinear equations and systems of equations and on free boundary problems.

Circassian (Adyghe) Landscape Terminology and Toponymy in Folklore Texts and Vernacular Communication

The article explores Adyghe (Circassian) landscape terminology and folklore toponymy, areas that have received limited attention in onomastics. It presents a pioneering analysis within Adyghe linguistics and folklore research, examining the peculiarities of geographical terms and toponyms in stereotypical oral texts, including traditional folklore and everyday speech practices. The study is based on data from the folklore subcorpus of the Adyghe linguistic corpus, compiled in 2022 by Adyghe State University researchers, comprising published materials and field data collected from Adyghe (Circassian) communities in the Republic of Adygea, Krasnodar Region, and the Circassian diaspora in Turkey. Additionally, materials from folklore and ethnographic archives of the Republic of Adygea, along with information extracted from personal archives and field records, are analysed. Based on this data, the authors identify fundamental models governing the formation and usage of terms and toponyms, both within the context of folklore landscape studies and in relation to real geographical features and cultural settings. The focus is primarily on lexemes commonly encountered in historical Circassia, such as ps(y) ‘water, river,’ xy ‘sea, gully,’ ko/kue ‘ravine, river,’ bgy ‘hill, mountain, peak, ridge, steep, cliff,’ kushxe/kushhx`e` ‘mountain,’ txy` ‘elevation, ridge, crest of the mountain,’ Iuashxe/Iuashhxe ‘mound, hill,’ and xe`ku ‘region, homeland, fatherland, edge, country, state’. Through corpus research and discourse analysis methods, the study examines the representation of both real and mythical landscape objects in epic texts and speech practices. The productivity of toponyms’ usage and their semantics are established by comparing data from early lexicographic sources with new archival and field materials. The article also illustrates how, in new linguistic contexts, such as the Circassian diaspora in Central Anatolia, the unofficial local map coexists with the administrative Turkish-language map, showcasing differences in landscape terminology frequency based on the presence or absence of specific geographical features.