Police College Research Articles

A New Canteen Culture: The Potential to Use Social Media as Evidence in Policing

While the use of research in policing is not new (Reiner, 2010), there is currently a strong drive towards a more scientific research context to be applied to policing. This forms part of a wider professionalization agenda from the College of Policing. That said, the debate around what constitutes knowledge and evidence in policing is highly contested, as are the modes of data collection. This article proposes that the methods utilized by academic researchers should be dependent on the research question, and the nature of the phenomenon being explored. At a time when police morale is reportedly low (Hoggett et al., 2014; Weinfass, 2015) and officers are not typically willing to openly discuss their thoughts on the current state of policing, this article explores and posits a role for social media and police blogs as a method to capture practitioner experiences, thoughts, and perceptions of policing. The use of social media by police officers is experiencing a burgeoning interest throughout the service. Usage ebbs and flows in volume and popularity, and it seems this is ostensibly dependent on the interpretation of information through mainstream news channels. This ‘private’ space offers an anonymous forum for officers to voice their observations and concerns about contemporary policing issues. Notwithstanding, these forums provide researchers with a new opportunity to investigate key issues and challenges for policing (Wilkinson and Thelwall, 2012), or garner additional evidence to complement ongoing study. This article suggests that these private narratives offer both the research community and students of policing a new form of knowledge capture and creation, and one that allows insight into the changing nature of the policing sphere. This article explores and promotes both the importance and the implications of innovative practices in relation to the use of social media as police knowledge, offering two examples to support the proposition.

生-権力の臨界 : アメリカの大学警察を人類学する

生-権力の臨界 : アメリカの大学警察を人類学する

In Search of Indicators of Detective Aptitude: Police Recruits’ Logical Reasoning and Ability to Generate Investigative Hypotheses

Previous psychological research on criminal investigation has not systematically addressed the role of deductive and inductive reasoning skills in decision-making in detectives. This study examined the relationship between these skills derived from a cognitive ability test used for police recruitment and test scores from an investigative reasoning skills task (Fahsing and Ask 2016). Newly recruited students at the Norwegian Police University College (N = 166) were presented with two semi-fictitious missing-person cases and were asked to report all relevant hypotheses and necessary investigative actions in each case. The quality of participants’ responses was gauged by comparison with a gold standard established by a panel of senior police experts. The scores from the deductive and inductive reasoning test were not related to participants’ performance on the investigative reasoning task. However, the presence or absence of an investigative “tipping-point” (i.e. arrest decision) in the two cases was systematically associated with participants’ ability to generate investigative hypotheses. Methodological limitations and implications for police recruitment and criminal investigative practice are discussed.

The Association Between Quality of Sleep and Health-related Quality of Life in Military and Non-military Women in Tehran, Iran.

Quality of sleep (QoS) in individuals is affected by their occupation and is one of the factors affecting the quality of life (QoL). Few studies have evaluated the relationship between QoS and QoL in military women personnel. The aim of this study was to assess QoL and QoS, and compare their relationship among military and non-military women in Tehran. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 90 women working in Tehran during 2014, 30 were military forces, 30 were military staff, and 30 were civilian organizations staff. The female subjects were selected from Amin Police University and Tehran Health Insurance Organization using simple random sampling. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to measure QoL and QoS, respectively. The relationship between QoL and QoS was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The mean scores of QoL in the military forces, military staff, and civilian organizations staff were 58.94±17.71, 67.18±13.52, and 69.10±12.51, respectively. Among the study participants, 62.9% of military forces, 20.0% of military staff, and 17.1% of the civilian organizations staff had poor QoS. Mental health as one of the dimensions of QoL was significantly different between military forces and civilian organizations staff. The association between QoL and QoS was statistically significant in military forces and military staff women. Low QoS and QoL in the army necessitates that the authorities offer programs and appropriate strategies to improve mental health of QoL and promotion of QoS.

Research on legal improvement measurements on drone use

The main subject of year 2016 Davos forum was “The 4th Industrial Revolution.” Recently, interests and investment in drone market, so called industrial revolution in the sky is growing in many countries around the world. Before, drone was used for military purpose such as reconnaissance or attacking but today, it is used in various private sectors such as unmanned delivery service, agriculture, leisure activities, etc. Presently, many major countries in the world are already involved in the ‘war without gunfire’ to be dominant in this drone industry. Korean government also has announced an extreme relaxation of regulations for growing drone industry by opening a conference with Ministers related to economics. During the conference, business scope of drone which was limited to agriculture, photographing, and observation was expanded to all the fields except for cases hindering national safety and security. In terms of shooting purpose drone its process of receiving approval for flight and shooting is simplified to online registration. What is more, drone delivery service will be allowed in island areas such as Goheung, Yeongwol, etc from first term of year 2017. Finding the way to apply drone in criminal investigation is also speeding up. Recently, Public Safety Policy Research Center in Korean National Police University has inquired for research service and its result will be out around November. Likewise, although more and stronger foundation for supporting drone industry is made but there are still, some opinions saying that we should take a careful approach in consideration to the side effect such as abuse in crime. One may also try terror by placing a dangerous substance. If drone falls, it may hurt any civilians. Moreover, if shopping purpose drone is hacked, it may result in violation of privacy. Compared to America, Europe, and China, we are at the very beginning stage of drone industry and it is necessary to reorganize legal issues to grow this industry. This can be thought from two perspectives; first, the growth of drone industry is blocked by difficult regulations on Aviation Law and Radio Regulation Law. The second issue is the safety and privacy that are required for operating drone. For the advanced technologies to make human life more profitable, more active and proactive actions are required by criminal law side. In preparation to the second mechanical era where man and machines should go together, I hope that responsible preparation is required in all fields including the criminal law.

Reform of Database Course in Police Colleges Based on "Working Process"

Reform of Database Course in Police Colleges Based on "Working Process"

A Critical Study on the Appointment of the Graduates of the Korea National Police University

A Critical Study on the Appointment of the Graduates of the Korea National Police University

The re-professionalization of the police in England and Wales

In this article contemporary police claims to professional status are analysed and related to a new structure of police regulation in England and Wales. It is argued that the notion of the police as a profession is not new and, unlike police and academic commentary, analysis of this subject should draw on sociological understandings of professions. The wider policy context within which claims to professionalization are made is also considered. A new, loosely coupled system of regulation has been developed in England and Wales. Policing’s professional body, the College of Policing, is central to this regulatory framework that has placed government at a distance from constabularies and police representative associations. Finally, some of the consequences of the hybrid system are considered and benefits of the framework of analysis proposed are discussed.

The Scarlet Beat: The Evolution of Law Enforcement at Rutgers

This article details the development of the Rutgers University Police Department (RUPD), from its origins as a parking department to its present form as a professional law enforcement agency. It assesses the RUPD both topically and chronologically, analyzing the department's evolving administrative structure, personnel, uniforms, and use of firearms. Fundamentally, the article tracks the RUPD's balance of its<em> in loco parentis</em> role, tied to its university-based existence, with the need for accomplishing more traditional law enforcement objectives as Rutgers expanded and evolved.

The Short- and Long-Run Effects of Private Law Enforcement: Evidence from University Police

AbstractOver a million people in the United States are employed in private security and law enforcement, yet very little is known about the effects of private police on crime. The current study examines the relationship between a privately funded university police force and crime in a large US city. Following an expansion of the jurisdictional boundary of the private police force, we see no short-term change in crime. However, using a geographic regression discontinuity approach, we find large impacts of private police on public safety, with violent crime in particular decreasing. These contradictory results appear to be a consequence of a delayed effect of private police on crime.

Influence of End Users Involvement in Procurement Decision Making on Purchasing Performance at Kenya Police College, Kiganjo

This study was intended to establish the influence of user involvement in procurement decisions making on purchasing performance in Kenya Police College, Kiganjo. The study was a survey as primary data was collected for the purpose of the study. The target population for the study included all employees in Kenya Police College, Kiganjo. All the employees were involved in the study making this a census study. The study was guided by Consumer Involvement Theory and Principal-Agency Theory. Data was collected through structured questionnaires that were issued through drop and pick technique. Collected data were coded and analyzed through SPSS and presented through tables accompanied by relevant discussions. The research variables were studied through descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) while the influence of end user involvement on purchasing performance was studied through inferential statistics (correlation and regression analysis). F-test was used to test research hypotheses. A multiple regression model was developed to guide the study. The findings revealed a statistically significant influence of user involvement on specification development, purchasing planning and tender evaluation on performance of purchasing activities. The study recommends that management of Kenya Police College, Kiganjo as well as other public organizations should consider involving users in specification development and purchasing planning while the procurement function should provide guidance during the process. Tender evaluation should be conducted by well constituted and well informed committee. Further studies should be conducted to establish the role of end users in development of organizational procurement policies such as e-procurement, procure to pay etc. Similarly, study should be conducted to establish factor hindering end user involvement in purchasing activities especially in public organizations.

Erratum: Detecting a hierarchical genetic population structure via Multi-InDel markers on the X chromosome.

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 32178; published online: 18 August 2016; updated: 23 September 2016 In this Article, Yi Ye is incorrectly listed as being affiliated with the ‘The Center for Forensic Science Research, Department of Public Security Technology, Railway Police College, Zhengzhou 450053, China’.

Police body worn cameras: a mixed method approach assessing perceptions of efficacy

Purpose The importance of body-worn cameras (BWC) in policing cannot be overstated. This is not a hyperbolic statement – use of force incidents in Ferguson and Baltimore, the ensuing riots, coupled with critical long term implications for police community relations demonstrate the need for BWC data. Few studies have been published on the use of BWCs and little is known about officer perceptions, administrator decision making, and agency use of BWC data. No published studies incorporate qualitative data, which lends important context and depth, in the interpretation of officer survey data. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The current study presents a mixed-method study of a large university police agency prior to full implementation of BWC. A survey of patrol officers and supervisors, using a census approach with near full participation, coupled with focus group interviews, produced data on perceptions, concerns, and expectations of full BWC implementation. Findings Findings point to officer concerns regarding the utilization of BWC data and administrative expectations regarding complaint reduction and officer assessment. Originality/value Important implications regarding training and policy are presented. BWC data represent an important tool for agency decision makers but have numerous potential negative uses. Understanding officer concerns juxtaposed with administrator expectations, through both survey and qualitative data, advance the knowledge on BWC.

In the Eyes of the Gatekeepers

The purpose of this paper is to examine Chinese police officers’ attitudes toward the individuals they serve and protect. Using cross-sectional data collected from 271 police officers in a Chinese police university, this paper examines the effects of officers’ perceptions of citizens’ cooperation, compliance with laws, recognition and disrespect. Chinese police officers generally have mixed feelings about citizens. While officers negatively perceived citizens’ levels of cooperation, they believed the Chinese public were law-abiding and recognised the police for their work. Results further revealed a significant relationship between officers’ attitudes and their sense of effectiveness and behaviour. Future research should include more attitudinal dimensions, such as officers’ personality traits, and examine the relationship from a longitudinal perspective. Findings provide insights for Chinese administrators to reform the police with a focus on strengthening citizen–police relationships.

The Politics and Management of Policing Reforms in Newly Industrialized, Industrializing and Developmental States: Introduction to the Special Issue

SummaryThis Special Issue of Public Administration Development on The Politics and Management of Policing Reforms in Newly Industrialized, Industrializing and Developmental States was undertaken in co‐operation and with the support of the Central Police University in Taiwan by the Guest Editorial team of Paul Collins, Otwin Marenin and Michael Chin‐Chih Chu. In this Introduction, we first of all deal with the context in which policing reforms may arise the different types of policing, how reforms arise from multiple domestic and international sources and the differences in the level and degree of reforms. Next, we outline the Special Issue (SI) approach and focus, which is to build on what is already known and the lessons of past efforts seeking to establish and sustain more professional and democratic policing. The essence of the conceptual approach is that reforming policing systems is fundamentally a political process. We need to focus on specific policies, practices and behaviour and shifting the balance of policing toward more professional behaviour. A key element that follows from this balancing is then the possibilities of reforms taking hold in the long run and becoming sustained. Within this framework, the essays then summarized cover a wide variety of topics and geographical areas — Africa, Asia, Europe and Americas — countries on the way toward economic and political modernisation with a variety of backgrounds in authoritarianism. A number of emerging patterns and cross cutting issues emerge. The final section addresses needs for future research. The unaddressed or partially addressed aspects across all the essays suggest several matter, including the character of policing systems, police decision making at managerial and individual levels, how to assess police work and civilianization of police work, informal policing systems and the impact of security policies on policing — militarization and secrecy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

First-principles study of strain effect on the formation and electronic structures of oxygen vacancy in SrFeO2**Project supported by the Creative Plan Project of Nanjing Forest Police College, China (Grant Nos. 201512213045xy and 201512213007x).

Motivated by recent experimental observations of metallic conduction in the quasi-two-dimensional SrFeO2, we study the epitaxial strain effect on the formation and electronic structures of oxygen vacancy (Vo) by first-principles calculations. The bulk SrFeO2 is found to have the G-type antiferromagnetic ordering (G-AFM) at zero strain, which agrees with the experiment. Under compressive strain the bulk SrFeO2 keeps the G-AFM and has the trend of Mott insulator-metal transition. Different from most of the previous similar work about the strain effect on Vo, both the tensile strain and the compressive strain enhance the Vo formation. It is found that the competitions between the band energies and the electrostatic interactions are the dominant mechanisms in determining the Vo formation. We confirm that the Vo in SrFeO2 would induce the n-type conductivity where the donor levels are occupied by the delocalized dx2−y2 electrons. It is suggested that the vanishing of n-type conductivity observed by the Hall measurement on the strained films are caused by the shift of donor levels into the conduction band. These results would provide insightful information for the realization of metallic conduction in SrFeO2.

An exploratory study of police cynicism in China

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to measure police cynicism in China.Design/methodology/approach– Using survey data collected from 382 Chinese police officers training in a Chinese police university, this research empirically described police cynicism and examined the effects of some police subcultural themes (crime fighting role orientation, traditionalism, solidarity, and isolation) and some demographic and work-related variables (gender, education experience, type of police force, and tenure) on police cynicism.Findings– Results suggest that most participants are not cynical. However, they seem to have less confidence in the trust and respect that citizens have for the police. Slightly more officers stated that they do not think that citizens will trust police to cooperate. Crime-fighting role orientation and isolation had significant positive associations with police cynicism. Officers with five to ten years of service were more cynical than were new officers and more tenured officers.Originality/value– This study is one of the first empirical attempts in Chinese policing. It extends the understanding on police perceptions in China. The findings may provide useful implications for Chinese police administrators and instructors to promote the successful implementation of community policing in China.

Private university's police department ordered to disclose records

Case name: State v. Banaszak, et al., No. 2014‐0244 (Ohio 05/21/15).

A Study on Chinese Police Education System - Focus on Renovation of Central & local Police Colleges -

A Study on Chinese Police Education System - Focus on Renovation of Central & local Police Colleges -

A Study on the Improvement of National Police College

A Study on the Improvement of National Police College