University Of Wisconsin-Green Bay Research Articles

Gender equity is not the only challenge women CIOs face: an interview with Anu Varma, CIO for the communication solution segment at TE connectivity

This interview offers rare insight covering the recent triangulation of events - technology churning and crunching more bytes, COVID presenting more supply chain and analytical challenges, and more female CIOs entering the C-suites. Anu Varma, Vice President and CIO of the Communication Solution Segment at TE Connectivity, sat down with JITCAR to offer a rare insight into the evolving CEO-CIO dynamics, particularly from the women CIO perspective in these challenging and also promising times. In the interview, Anu shares how the CEO-CIO dynamics have changed significantly in the past ten to fifteen years. She also highlights how IT is now driving the business strategy, and the CIO is trusted with business roles rather than a back-office role. As a female CIO, Anu offers unique perspectives on the challenges faced by women in the IT world, particularly at the CIO level. During Covid, she and her team embraced the supply chain challenges and turned those into an opportunity to transform IT operations at TE Connectivity. Their efforts have also driven the analytics and insight-driven culture and created more demand for analytical-driven solutions within the business. The interview also discusses several other pressing issues facing CIOs in the manufacturing industry: IT talent acquisition/retention and costs of IT and cybersecurity. The interview also discusses how business leaders can support women in balancing their work responsibilities and family obligations in IT and elsewhere. The interview was conducted by Dr. Gaurav Bansal and transcribed by Dr. Zhuoli Axelton, both from the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay.

A Sustainability-focused Project-based Learning Experience for Engineering Undergraduates: Case Study of a Smart Greenhouse Project

In this paper, a smart greenhouse project has been presented as an example of a sustainability-focused project-based learning experience for undergraduates. While project-based instruction and learning experience has already gained enough momentum in several fields of education, the inclusion of sustainability perspectives from the science and engineering fields of studies is yet to make its room in the current course curricula as well as in the mindset of new generations of engineering undergraduates. This smart greenhouse project is an example of how sustainability can be brought into a classroom setting of engineering and technology programs as a project-based learning experience. The objective of this smart greenhouse project is to create an automated system capable of growing vegetation with little human input by utilizing electricity, computer programming, and a microcontroller operation. While this project was implemented by a group of two students with electrical engineering technology (EET) major as parts of their Introduction to Programming (ET 142) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (ET 342) courses requirements at the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA, a similar sustainability-focused project-based learning approach can also be applied successfully in other courses at different levels of engineering and technology programs at other academic institutions.

Diverse perspectives on bias in AI

ABSTRACT In the quest for always wanting to find better and faster ways of doing things, AI has come to be an integral part of our daily lives. There is hardly any sphere of life that is not being touched upon by AI. Given that AI is being used in a range of industries and functions from agriculture, education, music, fashion, healthcare, manufacturing, law enforcement, and even raging wars, to name a few; and impacts people of all age groups and from all walks of life, this article attempts at understanding the ethical perspectives of AI . Regardless of the function and the industry, the discussion below reminds us that since we humans are creating AI, our perspectives and biases are reflected in the tools we create. The article, which documents a panel discussion held with various experts from different domains as listed below, cautions developers to be aware of their inherent biases and ask tough questions while creating solutions that run on AI. As users and consumers of AI, we must engage in critical thinking while adopting a new AI-based solution. We provide the details from the panel discussion organized by Dr. Gaurav Bansal and Dr. Stacie Christian, both from the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, on Jan 17, 2022. Dr. Vic Matta led the panel discussion transcription with input from all panelists.

Environmental and Water Resources Management: Problems and Solutions

Environmental problems and issues have no geographical bounds. Many are global in scale; others may be bounded in some manner to a particular region, yet share features with similar problems in other locales throughout the world. It is important, then, for environmental researchers, policymakers, and practitioners to reach across national and cultural boundaries to discuss these issues and learn from each other. For more than 25 years an ongoing international seminar-study tour program initiated by the Environmental and Water Resources Institute (EWRI), a specialty institute within the American Society of Civil Engineers, has provided such a learning opportunity for engineers and scientists from throughout the world. Under the auspices of EWRI, seminar-study tours are scheduled approximately biennially at various locations around the world. Recent locations for seminar-study tour events have been Mexico (2006), Viet Nam (2008), Peru (2010), and China (2011). The Beijing seminar-study tour was held from October 26th to 31st and was hosted and co-sponsored by the School of Environment at Beijing Normal University. In addition to publicity support provided by EWRI, the Beijing seminarstudy tour received financial support from the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA, with the latter also serving as cosponsor. The format for the Beijing seminar-study tour was a traditional one: Two days of seminar presentations and four days of field trips featuring visits to sites of cultural and technical interest. Approximately 25 presentations based on the theme, Environmental and Water Resources Management, were given during the two days. As a means of extending the capacity to learn and exchange ideas, seminar participants were invited to submit manuscripts for potential publication. Some chose to take advantage of this opportunity. The invitation for paper submissions was also extended to several persons who were not seminar participants. The results obtained from this paper solicitation are found in this special issue of Frontiers of Earth Science. The 13 papers cover a rather wide range of topics, but all discuss water related issues in some form. The prevalence of papers that discuss topics related to water is a reflection both of the importance of these issues internationally and the expertise of the authors, most of whom are academicians or professionals in water-related fields. Several of the papers address water related health issues. Specific topics include water quality deterioration in a network due to loss of disinfectant residuals because of the reaction between bulk phase disinfectants and pipe wall material (Clark, 2011), the need to rapidly detect contamination resulting from terrorist attacks (Deininger et al., 2011), and emergency response planning to reduce the impact of contaminated drinking water (Patterson and Adams, 2011). Impacts of global climate change are discussed in several papers. Topics discussed in this general category are: A description of the effects of global climate change on the Arctic and the implications for hypothetical oil spills (Samuels et al., 2011) and tools and techniques that can be used to assess the impact of global climate change on urban drinking water and wastewater infrastructures (Clark et al., 2011). In other papers, authors discuss impacts from a variety of potential disasters, including global climate change.

Inspiring Students to Create the Future

SOMETIMES ingenuity, timing, and need come together in the right mix to generate a spark that ignites innovative programs that benefit students and communities. At a news conference in February of 2007, Gov. Jim Doyle of Wisconsin introduced elements of his statewide budget plan. He chose to speak on the campus of the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay (UWGB), in part because a centerpiece of his budget was substantial financial support for a new education proposal, the Wisconsin Covenant. The Covenant is a plan designed to provide all students who maintain good grades with access to a state university and financial aid to make that access meaningful. In his remarks that day, Gov. Doyle pointed to the award-winning Phuture Phoenix Program as an inspiration for this ambitious educational undertaking. Phuture Phoenix is a UWGB initiative that encourages at-risk youths to graduate from high school and pursue a college education, and it was the first recipient of the Ann Lydecker Award for Diversity Education. This is the story of how Phuture Phoenix began. In late fall of 2001, Cynthia Shepard found herself visiting the principal's office of Jefferson Elementary School, a small inner-city school in Green Bay. She was seated across from a fifth-grade boy who had been sent to the office for his disruptive behavior. He looked at her, and she could see the anger in his eyes. Drawing on her more than 20 years of experience in K-12 education, Shepard began a conversation with the young man. One of the questions she asked was what he wanted to do when he grew up. His reply: I'll probably end up in prison like my dad. Little did this young man know he was having a conversation with the wife of the newly hired chancellor of the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay. Shepard, a former teacher and administrator, found herself at that time without her usual responsibilities. She had a new role--helping to carry out her husband's mission in the community--but little notion of how to begin. His stated vision was Communities support universities that support communities, and he was poised to connect the university integrally with the community--although their present connection was not strong. Shepard was being assisted in her efforts to learn about the community by a university trustee and lifelong community member, Virginia Riopelle, who had volunteered to show her some of the support systems for children, including the Green Bay Area Public Schools. It was one of those tours that brought Shepard to the principal's office that autumn day. As an educator and mother, Shepard was greatly saddened and disturbed by the boy's words. How disillusioning that a 10-year old was already so negative about his future! She asked the principal, Maryanne Anderson, what she and the university could do to help such students. The principal replied with the simple statement, Role We need good role models. And that was the spark that ignited the Phuture Phoenix Program. The program was conceived on a variety of napkins, placemats, and stray pieces of paper at lunch following the visit to Jefferson Elementary. Shepard and Riopelle named their brainchild Phuture Phoenix, after the UWGB mascot. Over the following three years, this magical bird would take flight and develop into a large-scale, multifaceted initiative serving hundreds of students in Northeastern Wisconsin. Its core mission was straightforward, but daunting: to help young people envision brighter futures by increasing regional rates of both high school graduation and enrollment in higher education. To accomplish that mission, the program encompasses five critical components. 1. Introduction to the university: Phuture Phoenix Day. The Phuture Phoenix experience begins in the fall of each school year when trained students from UWGB, known as role models, visit participating Title I fifth-grade classrooms in the Green Bay area. …

Boxed Up: Time Capsules, Archives, and Magazines

Research Article| November 01 2007 Boxed Up: Time Capsules, Archives, and Magazines Stephen Perkins Stephen Perkins STEPHEN PERKINS is an art historian and artist and director and curator of the Lawton Gallery, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Afterimage (2007) 35 (3): 7–8. https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.2007.35.3.7 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Stephen Perkins; Boxed Up: Time Capsules, Archives, and Magazines. Afterimage 1 November 2007; 35 (3): 7–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.2007.35.3.7 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAfterimage Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2007 Afterimage/Visual Studies Workshop, unless otherwise noted. Reprints require written permission and acknowledgement of previous publication in Afterimage.2007 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Statistics Used in Current Nursing Research

Undergraduate nursing research courses should emphasize the statistics most commonly used in the nursing literature to strengthen students' and beginning researchers' understanding of them. To determine the most commonly used statistics, we reviewed all quantitative research articles published in 13 nursing journals in 2000. The findings supported Beitz's categorization of kinds of statistics. Ten primary statistics used in 80% of nursing research published in 2000 were identified. We recommend that the appropriate use of those top 10 statistics be emphasized in undergraduate nursing education and that the nursing profession continue to advocate for the use of methods (e.g., power analysis, odds ratio) that may contribute to the advancement of nursing research.

Between a River and a Mountain: The AFL-CIO and the Vietnam War by Edmund F. Wehrle

190 Michigan Historical Review unions offered security above all else. As the progressive arm of the Democrats from World War II through the late 1960s, the labor movement, centered especially in theMidwest and led by unions such as the United Auto Workers, continued its educational mission yet did so inways thatmoved farther away from Gompers's voluntarism. Sinyai's analysis of the changing meaning of civic education in the American labor movement rests primarily on the views of union leaders. Although references are made in places to the political behavior of specific unions, Sinyai's arguments would have benefited from greater attention to developments at the local union level. How did local unions' "schools of democracy" reflect the views of union leaders? How did the rank and file's political behaviors impact union leaders' views? Still, Sinyai's book offers an important perspective on the vital contributions of labor unions to American political culture. Wilson J.Warren, Department of History Western Michigan University Edmund F. Wehrle. Between a River and aMountain: TheAFL-CIO and the Vietnam War. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005. Pp. 320. Bibliography. Drawing. Index. Notes. Photographs. Paper, $25.95. In Between a River and aMountain, Edmund F. Wehrle demonstrates that the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and later the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) were deeply and integrally involved in the Vietnam War. The relationship between the American labor federations and Vietnam began shortly after the Second World War. The AFL saw its postwar mission in the world as advancing free trade unionism. Ideally, independent unions were advocates for worker and human rights. They were also proponents of full-employment pohcies and vigorously anticommunist. In other words, the AFL and later the AFL-CIO sought to recreate themselves around the world. Initially, the AFL's foreign-pohcy endeavors languished. But in the late 1940s, the United States government offered a helping hand. In a Faustian bargain that Wehrle states significantly weakened the AFL CIO in the long term, the federation took the money. In return, by the late 1950s the AFL-CIO had become an international force supporting anticommunist labor movements around the world and in particular in Vietnam. The AFL-CIO did not create the Vietnamese labor movement. Book Reviews 191 Its roots were in the 1920s when Vietnamese workers sought to fight oppression in the factories and colonialism at the same time. In the 1940s two Vietnamese union leaders?Tran Quoc Buu and Gilbert Jouan? forged the Vietnamese Confederation of Labor (CVTC, later renamed the CVT). The CVTC and the CVT had a difficult relationship with the South Vietnamese government. Like the AFL and the AFL-CIO, the Vietnamese federation struggled to remain an independent "third force." Eventually its alliances with both the South Vietnamese dictators and the Americans compromised its position. Stuck between those forces, the CVT became "pinched between a river and amountain" (p. 4), and the Vietnamese labor movement ultimately failed to forestall the political, economic, and military disasters that subsequendy occurred in South Vietnam. Losing the war inVietnam also contributed to the downfall of the AFL-CIO, as George Meany's unmovable stance on the war shattered the United States labor movement. Between a River and aMountain is easily one of the best books that I have read in a long time. Wehrle's narrative is engaging and hvely, and his story is compelling. One would hope that more historians would follow the path that he has blazed and investigate the relationships between the United States labor movement and the world. Andrew E. Kersten University ofWisconsin-Green Bay David K. Wiggins, ed. Out of the Shadows: A Biographical History of African American Athletes. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2006. Pp. 500. Bibhographical essay. Index. Notes. Photographs. Cloth, $34.95. Out of the Shadows: A Biographical History of African American Athletes offers a welcome addition to the field of sports history. Respected historian David K. Wiggins has collected nineteen biographical essays that investigate how sports and sports figures have reflected racial struggles inAmerican society throughout the twentieth century. Among the well-crafted essays from awide array of sports scholars, readers will find familiar names, such...

Probenecid inhibits adrenal zona glomerulosa cell aldosterone release

This study examines the effect of the organic anion transporter inhibitor, probenecid, on aldosterone release and Fluo-3 acetoxymethyl ester dye sequestration from cultured bovine adrenal zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells. ZG cells were isolated and maintained in primary culture in Hams F12 medium supplemented with antioxidants, fetal bovine serum and antibiotics prior to their use in aldosterone or Fluo-3 experiments. Aldosterone release was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Probenecid inhibited angiotensin II-stimulated aldosterone release in a concentration dependent manner and aldosterone release was completely inhibited with 10 mM probenecid. Potassium, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate-stimulated aldosterone release was similarly inhibited by probenecid treatment. The inhibitory effects of probenecid were also observed in ZG cells stimulated with exogenous 25-hydroxycholesterol and progesterone. Fluo-3 fluorescence was increased by probenecid treatment. Treatment of ZG cells with 10 mM probenecid during the Fluo-3 dye loading process caused a dramatic increase in visible fluorescence and more than doubled the average pixel intensity in fluorescing angiotensin II-stimulated ZG cells as compared to control. We conclude that probenecid inhibits transport of Fluo-3 dye by organic anion transporters in the cell membrane of the cultured ZG cell. We further conclude that probenecid interferes with either the enzymes involved in the process of aldosterone synthesis or a transporter required for aldosterone synthesis or release from the ZG cell. This work was supported by grants from the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay.

The Road to Population Health: Using Healthy People 2010 in Nursing Education

Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health and corresponding state health improvement plans provide roadmaps for planning, monitoring, and evaluating population health improvement in the United States. These documents offer relevant guidance for nursing education because they address health workforce education specifically, use a population perspective, and include evidence-based action priorities. However, information about how these documents are used in nursing education is limited. This article discusses the relevance of national and state health planning documents for nursing education. Nurse educators are encouraged to reflect on the alignment of current nursing education efforts with national and state health planning agendas. Suggestions for future use of national and state population health improvement planning documents in guiding strategic, curricular, and course planning are offered.

Toward Sustainable Communities: Transition and Transformations in Environmental Policy

Review: Toward Sustainable Communities: Transition and Transformations in Environmental Policy By Daniel A. Mazmanian and Michael E. Kraft (Eds.) Reviewed by Michele Calloway Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA Daniel A. Mazmanian & Michael E. Kraft (Eds.). Toward Sustainable Communities: Transition and Transformations in Environmental Policy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999. 323 pp. ISBN: 0-26223206-5 (paper). US$25.00 Environmental policy in the United States has evolved greatly over the last thirty years. Mazmanian and Kraft have compiled six case studies highlighting these transitions. The editors are also contributors to this book, which is part of the American and Comparative Policy series. Daniel A. Mazmaian is Dean and Professor in the School of Natural Resources and Environment at the University of Michigan, and Michael E. Kraft is Professor of Political Science and of Public and Environmental Affairs at the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay. The overarching theme of Toward Sustainable Communities involves the editors' thesis that the environmental movement has been in a process of evolution over the last three decades. This evolutionary process is divided into three epochs. The first epoch is the age of federal regulation, which is followed by flexibility and incentives for business, and lastly the movement toward sustainability. These epochs are illustrated by a collection of six case studies written by academics and professionals in environmental policy. Mazmanian and Kraft break up the book into three main sections followed by a summary. Section one describes the three epochs of the environmental movement and gives an overview of sustainable communities. Section two contains three case studies that focus on traditional environmental concerns such as clean air, clean water, and the preservation of open spaces, and serve to illustrate the beginnings of the transition process from the regulation-heavy first epoch to the incentive-based second epoch. Section three contains three case studies that highlight the cooperation among various agencies, communities and regions that is necessary in building sustainable communities. The concluding section gives an overview of the previous three sections and brings everything together by summarizing the six case studies as they relate to the environmental epoch theory and the future of sustainability. Toward Sustainable Communities is a useful analysis of the environmental

A Radical Theology for Democratic Education vis‐à‐vis Schooling and the Struggle for Public Life*

Educational TheoryVolume 39, Issue 3 p. 281-290 A Radical Theology for Democratic Education vis-à-vis Schooling and the Struggle for Public Life† Harvey J. Kaye, Corresponding Author Harvey J. KayeSocial Change and Development. University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, Wi 54301-7001Search for more papers by this author Harvey J. Kaye, Corresponding Author Harvey J. KayeSocial Change and Development. University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, Wi 54301-7001Search for more papers by this author First published: September 1989 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5446.1989.00281.x † *Henry A. Giroux, Schooling and the Struggle for Public Life: Critical Pedagogy in the Modern Age. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988, 257 pp., $14.95, paperback. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume39, Issue3September 1989Pages 281-290 RelatedInformation

Exposure to PCBs via lactation alters exploration at maturity: Charles F. Matter, Dorthea B. Sager and Dennis M. Girard. University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI

Exposure to PCBs via lactation alters exploration at maturity: Charles F. Matter, Dorthea B. Sager and Dennis M. Girard. University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI

English Language Proficiency and Academic Performance of Undergraduate International Students

The study on English proficiency and academic performance of graduate international students at the State University of New York at Albany (SUNYA) reported in Richard Light, Ming Xu, and Jonathan Mossop's recent article in the TESOL Quarterly (Vol. 21, No. 2, June 1987) is very interesting in its comprehensiveness and the nature of its findings. Readers may be interested in comparing a similar study that we recently undertook with undergraduates. This more limited study yielded results remarkably similar to those of Light, Xu, and Mossop; however, our interpretation of the data was different because of the lower language proficiency of the undergraduate students. Our examination of the relationship between language proficiency and academic success of undergraduate international students was part of a self-study, following TESOL guidelines, of the nonintensive, developmental ESL courses and international student services at the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay (UWGB). We were interested in the consistency of the relationship between the minimum TOEFL score of 500, required for undergraduate admission, and academic success, as measured by grade point average (GPA). Unlike the SUNYA study, which included only first-semester graduate students, our study included all international students (N = 196) enrolled as undergraduates at UWGB during the spring 1986 semester. Transcripts and records in the office of International Student Services provided TOEFL scores and GPAs, as well as information on course load, number of credits earned, nationality, and academic major. In addition, we conducted case studies of ESL students at the lower end of the language proficiency range and in their first semester of undergraduate study. The mean TOEFL score for undergraduates admitted to UWGB was 537 (SD = 51), which was much higher than the mean score of the TOEFL reference group (M = 506, SD = 66) for students applying for admission to undergraduate school (Educational Testing Service, 1985). A similar difference in mean TOEFL scores was found between graduate students at SUNYA and applicants for

Geometrically Asymptotic Curves

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsDan KalmanDan Kalman studied mathematics at Harvey Mudd College, earning a B.S. in 1974, and at University of Wisconsin-Madison earning a Ph.D. in 1980. He has taught at Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin, and is at present visiting Augustana College while on leave from the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay. His interests span the undergraduate mathematics curriculum and extend to preparation of elementary school teachers, history and philosophy of mathematics, and computer science.

Rediscovering Taylor's Theorem

Dan Kalman studied mathematics at Harvey Mudd College, earning a B.S. in 1974, and at the University of WisconsinMadison, earning a Ph.D. in 1980. He taught at Lawrence University in Appteton, Wisconsin, and is an assistant pro? fessor at the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay. His inter? ests span the undergraduate mathematics curriculum and extend to preparation of elementary school teachers, history and philosophy of mathematics, and computer science. Cur? rently, he is visiting Augustana College while on leave from the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay.

Basic Null Space Calculations

Dan Kalman studied mathematics at Harvey Mudd College, earning a B.S. in 1974, and at University of WisconsinMadison earning a Ph.D. in 1980. He has taught at Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin, and is at present an assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay. His interests span the undergraduate mathematics curriculum and extend to preparation of elementary school teachers, history and philosophy of mathematics, and com? puter science. Currently, he is developing a laboratory companion course for first semester calculus using programmable calculators.

Accelerating Gifted Girls

Throughout the history of gifted education, acceleration has been shown to be an effective method of meeting the educational needs of gifted students. Subject matter acceleration options such as taking high school courses in junior high, college courses while still in high school, or correspondence courses all appear to be effective educational procedures for the gifted. However, gifted adolescent girls have been less likely than boys to take advantage of these options (Fox, 1977). This article examines acceleration methods and recommends a method which has been piloted at the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay that has attracted a high proportion of female participants.

Global History, Modernization and the World-System Approach: A Critique

CRAIG A. LOCKARD is an Associate Professor of History in the interdisciplinary Social Change and Development Concentration at the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, where he teaches courses on Asian, African, and comparative world history. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Professor Lockard's research interests focus chiefly on modern Southeast Asia, and he has published three books on Malaysian history; a monograph on Indochinese history and culture is forthcoming. He has also published articles on various aspects of modern Southeast Asian social and political history as well as on the Overseas Chinese and Indonesians. This essay was read to the thirty-second annual meeting of the Association for Asian Studies in Washington, D.C., March 21-23, 1980. A number of colleagues at the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay read and commented on an earlier draft, several of them disagreeing profoundly with my views. I would in particular like to thank Tony Galt, Harvey Kaye, Norbert Gaworek, Paul Abrahams and my wife, Kathy Lockard. John Smail and Philip Curtin enormously stimulated my thinking on world history, and my views have been greatly enriched through conversations with Guy Gran, Tony Galt, and Harvey Kaye.

Medieval and Renaissance Riches: Overlooked Early Music for Small Ensembles

The author is assistant professor of creative communication at the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay. The engraving on the facing page is Israhel van 1's Lute Player and Harpist. Photo B-20, 631 courtesy of the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Rosenwald Collection.