Trondheim University Research Articles

Modification of cell ultrastructure during plant regeneration from protoplasts: Tor-Henning Iversen, Department of Botany, University of Trondheim, N-7000 Trondheim, Norway

Modification of cell ultrastructure during plant regeneration from protoplasts: Tor-Henning Iversen, Department of Botany, University of Trondheim, N-7000 Trondheim, Norway

Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in the Rat After Inhalation of Halothane and Enflurane. Different Pattern of Response in Liver, Kidney and Lung and Possible Implications for Toxicity

Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Trondheim, Regional Hospital, Trondheim, Norway

Is nest predation really selecting for colonial breeding among Fieldfares Turdus pilaris?

IbisVolume 125, Issue 3 p. 366-369 Is nest predation really selecting for colonial breeding among Fieldfares Turdus pilaris? Olav Hogstad, Olav Hogstad Zoological Institute, University of Trondheim, N-7000 Trondheim, NorwaySearch for more papers by this author Olav Hogstad, Olav Hogstad Zoological Institute, University of Trondheim, N-7000 Trondheim, NorwaySearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1983 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1983.tb03123.xCitations: 9AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume125, Issue3July 1983Pages 366-369 RelatedInformation

Emigration from Br�nn�y and Vik in Helgeland

by KJELL ERIK SKAAREN translated by C. A. CLAUSEN io Emigration from Bwnnpy and Vik in Helgeland* Emigration began late but from vigorously Br0nn0y in and the Vik years in Helgeland 1868 and began late but vigorously in the years 1868 and 1869. During the previous years only a few individuals had left - barely enough to be noticed in the statistical tables. This pattern is typical of most of the communities in North Norway. The America fever became prevalent only in the 1860s, and its intensity fluctuated markedly. The causes of emigration were many, but only the economic factors will be considered here. The period around 1860 is unique; County Governor ( amtmann ) Wors0e noted in a five-year report that "Nordland in 1879 is not the Nordland of 1865." It is obvious that something happened from one five-year period to the next: first a development toward prosperity, then years of famine. These economic conditions will be juxtaposed to the emigration figures and results arrived at will be noted. Records and tradition agree that worsening economic and social conditions caused the people of * "Utvandring fra Helgeland," in Arnfinn Engen, ed., Utvandringa - det store oppbrotet (Oslo, 1978), 122-136. The article is based on the author's thesis, "Utvandringen til Amerika fra Br0nn0y og Vik 1867-1899," University ofTrondheim, 1971. 293 Br0nn0y er Vik Community in Heideland District COMMUNITY BOUNDARIES COUNTY BOUNDARIES SCALE - -ÎLm-m mm- mm. mmmmm o miles ip ut EMIGRATION FROM BR0NN0Y AND VIK these communities to emigrate. A growing restlessness began to spread abroad in the district. But first one should take a look at the historical background . From time immemorial the Nordlending had sustained himself by agriculture and fishing. Son followed father, and only at rare intervals were slight changes noticeable as generation succeeded generation. Social conditions were static here as they were in other parts of the country. On the little farms children helped with the work until they became adults, which happened at an early age. The small crops could sustain only a certain number of people and after the oldest son brought his wife to the family farm, the younger siblings were forced to secure employment somewhere in the surrounding communities as soon as they were confirmed . The fortunate ones became cotters with land, others became cotters without land or day laborers and servants - with fishing for extra earnings. Girls usually became servants, and in time they might marry cotters. Occasionally , when a farmer needed steady labor during busy seasons, he might select one of his best laborers as a cotter - who would then clear a place and build a house for himself. For most people in the old agrarian society, farming provided an uncertain mode of existence. Some years "God's wrath" would strike the community. The pastures would be almost devoid of grass, the grain harvest ruined by either rain or frost - even the generally dependable potatoes might yield only half the expected crop. In 1867 it is reported from Nordland that people going to the midsummer markets could ride in sleds over the lakes. 1864 and 1865 had also been years of widespread crop failure. Along the coast the economy had a more secure foundation . Fodder for the animals was supplemented with 295 Kjell Erik Skaaren various types of seaweed, fish offal, or dried leaves, while people could vary their diet with herring and potatoes one day and potatoes and herring the next. Furthermore , during good cod and herring years some cash might even be laid aside. As fishing was one of the few sources of income, more than 50 percent of the male population ranging in age from 15 to 60 years took part in the extensive codfishing operations in the Lofoten archipelago. From Trpndelag and North Norway more than 30,000 men might be thus engaged annually. But the risk to life was great. It is reported that during a certain year more than five hundred men were lost in a sudden storm. Thus there was a continual struggle to earn a living. Even with the iron will of a Karl Oskar in Moberg's novel, The Emigrants, or an Isak Sellanraa in Hamsun's Growth of the...

Emigration from a Fjord District on Norway's West Coast, 1852-1915

by RAGNAR STANDAL translated by C. A. CLAUSEN 7 Emigration from a Fjord District on Norway's West Coast, 1852-1915* The mained fy LKE unaffected (county) of by M0re the og waves Romsdal of migration long remained unaffected by the waves of migration from Norway and many scholars have wondered why this was so. The present study treats a part of this county, the kommune (municipality) of 0rsta, comprising the former municipalities of Hj0rundfjord, Vartdal, and 0rsta. Perhaps the findings presented here will shed light on some facets of the phenomenon in question. On the initiative of the Sunnm0re Historical Society, the Hj0rundfjord and 0rsta municipalities organized committees for the study of emigration history about 1960, while Vartdal tried to include emigration data in its bygdebok (community history). This material was made available to the author and was supplemented through correspondence and interviews. A fair amount of information was thus unearthed which would otherwise have been difficult to obtain. A study tour in the United States in 1978 for the purpose of discovering * In recent years many students in Norway have chosen some aspect of the immigration movement to America as thesis topics. This article is a summary of a thesis presented at the University of Trondheim in 1977, entitled "Utvandringa til Amerika fra Hj0rundfjord, Vartdal og 0rsta 1852-1915." 185 Ragnar Standal what might still be left of living tradition about the migration era also led to some impressive findings. This article will focus on three main questions: 1. Why did the emigration movement from Hjprundljord , Vartdal, and 0rsta begin so late? 2. Were there local variations within the three communities ? If so, is it possible to explain these variations? 3. Who returned to Norway? Why did they return? ADMINISTRATIVE SURVEY Before examining the emigration from Hjprundfjord, Vartdal, and 0rsta it may be in order to locate these three bygder (rural communities) on the map of Norway and to trace certain administrative alterations from earlier times to the present. The three communities are all found in Sunnm0re, the southernmost part of M0re og Romsdal - not far from the city of Alesund. Administratively Hj0rundf)ord has been the most independent of the three districts, presumably because it is the most isolated. Ecclesiastically, Hj0rundfjord formed a part of Volda parish until 1751, though it had its own fairly independent chaplain from 1589. The community also had its own lensmann (sheriff) from about the same period. It became a separate municipality in 1837 when a law permitting local self-government was enacted. In area, Hj0rundfjord is of medium size about 185 square miles, but by the year 1900 its population had barely reached 2,000. Vartdal is both the newest and the smallest of the three administrative units. It has at different times shared sheriffs with the two neighboring communities of Ulstein and 0rsta. Until 1895, when the community became a separate municipality, it had been a part of Ulstein . Not until 1877 did the people of Vartdal even have their own church. Vartdal is barely one-fourth as large in area as Hj0rundfjord and its population numbered about 700 at the turn of the century. 186 0R5TA Community of M0RE cr RomSDAL COUNTV©TOWNS «VILLAQES + CHURCHES ■4/ jifX er ROMSDAL 1} cou nty &3 ß> * V"J

Impressions and reflections after a field excursion to Sri Lanka

A postgraduate field excursion arranged to Sri Lanka by the Department of Geography, University of Trondheim, in 1981 is described. An assessment of the purpose and outcome of an excursion to a dev...

Emigration from the District of Sogn, 1839-1915

by RASMUS SUNDE translated by C. A. CLAUSEN 4 Emigration from the District of Sogn, 1839-1915* The part district of Nordre of Sogn Bergenhus is located amt, in the present-day southern part of Nordre Bergenhus amt, present-day Sogn og Fjordan efylke (county), in western Norway. In the opening years of the nineteenth century people dwelling in the Sogn area were rather isolated from the rest of the world. The long Ijord made communication easy between the communities along its shores and with the city of Bergen, but most of the inhabitants clung to the neighborhoods and the farms of their birth. New developments of every kind tended to arrive later here than in most other parts of the country. As far as one can gather there was little mobility among the people of Sogn until well into the 1800s. By the 1830s, however, a change seems to have begun. The people of Sogn were getting into motion. They visited neighboring communities, they went to the city of Bergen, to Romsdalen, and eventually even to far-off northern Norway. And as early as 1839 the first family from Sogn left for America. A certain inner restlessness *This article is based on a thesis, entitled "Ei unders0king av utvandringa til Amerika fra Vik i Sogn 1839-1915," presented to the History Department of the University ofTrondheim, 1974. Ill SuNNFjORD District e^VIK COMMUNITY of SOQN er fjORDANE COUNTV O TOWN + CH U RCH • VI L LAĢE ' ° R D A N E J i COUNTY Ï ^ ^ ,, EMIGRATION FROM THE DISTRICT OF SOGN seemed to be stirring the communities and this ferment among the people expressed itself more and more vigorously . This helps to explain why Sogn was one of the Norwegian districts which, in relation to population, sent most emigrants to America. The movement struck Sogn comparatively early. Per Ivarson Undi, a farmer from Vik who left with his wife and two children in 1839, was the first emigrant. He was the pioneer who blazed the trail. In 1843 thirty more people left Vik, and in 1844 and 1845 the wave gained force when 103 and 111 emigrants , respectively, departed. During these same years an additional 223 people left for America from other parts of Sogn. Between 1856 and 1865 present-day Sogn og Fjordane lost a larger proportion of her population through emigration than any other Norwegian county. This is astonishing, especially since almost all the emigrants from the county were from Sogn. To be specific, 6,430 emigrants left Sogn while only 226 left the northern district of Sunnfjord og Nordfjord. The emigration from Sogn is still more impressive when one considers that the communities of outer Sogn had very few emigrants - less than a hundred before 1865. From inner and central Sogn, however, migration up until 1865 exceeded 25 percent of the median population figure, the most intensive migration reached by any region. During the five years from 1856 through 1860 almost 20 percent of all Norwegian emigrants were from Sogn. Not surprisingly, therefore, in 1866 the district topped all others in emigration figures. About 5 percent of all the people of Sogn left for America. Since emigration from the area west of Vik and Balestrand was very low, emigration from central and inner Sogn must then have been exceptionally high. For example, from the parish of Arnafjord in Vik more than 10 percent of the inhabitants left for America in 1856. In comparison with the rest of the 113 Rasmus Sunde country, emigration from Sogn declined greatly toward the end of the nineteenth century. During the period 1865-1895 Sogn with 14,500 emigrants represented only 3.5 percent of the Norwegian total. This may indicate that the transition to modern farming techniques, which demanded fewer laborers, had less effect on emigration from Sogn than from other parts of the country. There are no exact figures for inner and central Sogn, but according to official statistics roughly 25,000 to 30,000 natives of these districts broke loose from their home communities and set off for America. Vik was one of the communities in Sogn hardest hit by the so-called "America fever." During the emigration...

Emigration from Sunnfjord to America Prior to 1885

by LEIV H. D VERGS DAL translated by C. A. CLAUSEN 5 Emigration from Sunnfjord to America Prior to 1885 * The aspects aim of of the this emigration article is from to consider Sunnfjord certain up to aspects of the emigration from Sunnfjord up to 1885, especially why the movement began so late and why it exhibited such great regional differences within the district. Sunnfjord is an interesting case study in the history of emigration. It is located within the same county ( fylke ) as Sogn and has natural connecting links with that district , but in regard to emigration the two areas differed greatly during the nineteenth century. This was apparent to the editor of Norges officielle statistikk, the official Norwegian statistics, even during the 1860s: "It is . . . remarkable how great a difference we often find in the matter under discussion [emigration] between two neighboring districts. Thus the district of Sogn has the greatest emigration intensity while very few people emigrate from the adjoining district of Sunnfjord og Nordfjord which is located in the same county." 1 During the years 1856-1865 Sogn lost 17.2 per thousand of its me- *This article is based on a thesis, entitled "Utvandringa til Amerika fra Sunnfjord fram til 1885," presented to the History Department of the University ofTrondheim, 1976. See map on page 112. 127 Leiv H. Dvergsdal dian population annually through emigration. During the same period, however, Sunnfjord og Nordfjord had only scattered cases of emigration, except for the township of Jplster in 1864. 2 From Sogn emigration had begun by 1840 while the people of Sunnfjord did not get generally involved until the year 1866. Sunnfjord forms a part of Sunnfjord og Nordfjord district which together with the district of Sogn constituted Nordre Bergenhus amt, now the county of Sogn og Fjordane . During the period in question certain minor administrative alterations were made; the terminology used here will be that current at the end of the period. Hence, the "Sunnfjord" of this article is identical with the area defined as Sunnfjord in the tax rolls of 1890. At that time Sunnfjord included seven parishes: Kinn, Bremanger, F0rde, Jplster, Gaular (Indre Holmedal), Fjaler (Ytre Holmedal), and Askvoll. Except for Fprde each parish also formed one municipality. The parish of F0rde was divided into two municipalities: F0rde and Vevring. In 1860 the town Flora was incorporated within the parish of Kinn; but for a long time the town scarcely existed, as its very basis, the spring herring fisheries, soon vanished. Geographically, Sunnfjord lies to the west of the Jostedal glacier between Sogn and Nordfjord in the county of Sogn og Fjordane. Sunnfjord has a long strip of coast which extends from Nordfjord in the north to Bufjord (not far from Sognefjord) in the south. Landward the district tapers off and ends in a point resting on the Jostedal glacier. Along the coast are located a number of islands while many fjords cut inland. The two longest of these, Dalsfjord and Fprdefjord, continue into the mountains as rather deep valleys each with its own water course, Gaular and Jplster respectively. As far as is known, the very first emigrant from Sunnfjord was the well-known writer of America letters, Gjert 128 EMIGRATION FROM SUNNFJORD Gregoriussen Hovland. He was born in Askvoll in 1794, the son of Gregorius Gregoriussen Folkestad and his wife Janice Hansdatter. Gjert took the name Hovland from another farm in the Folkestad neighborhood. Around 1807 the family moved to Bergen where young Gjert obtained work as a cooper. Presumably this activity brought him to the fishing centers of Haugesund and Stavanger, the first Norwegian communities to be affected by the America fever.4 At least we know that by 1831 he had joined the Kendall settlement in New York State where the "Sloopers" from Stavanger had settled six years earlier.5 Gjert is best known for the many letters he sent home, which aroused the interest of people in both the western and the eastern parts of Norway.6 But what is surprising is that his letters caused so little stir in his own home district of Sunnfjord. One explanation may be that he left Askvoll at the age of thirteen...

Photon mass attenuation and energy-absorption coefficients

Mass attenuation coefficients μ/ϱ and mass energy-absorption coefficients μ cn/ϱ are tabulated in units of m 2 kg −1 for photon energies 1 keV to 20 MeV for 40 elements ranging from hydrogen (Z= 1) to uranium (Z= 92). In addition, μ/ϱ and μ cn /ϱ values are tabulated over this same energy range for 45 mixtures and compounds of dosimetric interest, computed from the above data using fractions-by-weight of the constituent elements. Source data for these tables are primarily theoretical. The atomic photoeffect cross sections, with minor empirical modifications, are from the 1973 computations of Scofield. The incoherent (bound-electron Compton) and coherent scattering cross sections, also pair and triplet production cross sections, are from recently published (1975, 1979, 1980) compilations developed at NBS in collaboration with researchers from various laboratories including Kaman Sciences, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute (Mainz) and the University of Trondheim. Information is provided for estimating photonuclear contributions above 5 MeV. Differences for NSRDS-NBS 29 (1969) and Storm-Israel (1970) are of the order of 1% or less over most of the element-energy range, but in some cases are as much as 5%.

African History Research Programme in the University of Trondheim (Norway)

African History Research Programme in the University of Trondheim (Norway)

A common data library in an integrated CAD system for electronics

This paper describes the basic concept, features and implementation of a Common Data Library (CDL) in an integrated CAD/CAM system environment. The work presented is a part of a project called EPOKE, aiming at a totally integrated CAD/CAM system for the Norwegian electronics industry. The EPOKE project is sponsored by the Royal Norwegian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (NTNF), and is a joint effort between A/S Elektrisk Bureau, A/S Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk, the Central Institute for Industrial Research, and ELAB (The Electronics Research Laboratory at the University of Trondheim).

Datamatic baseoperations in factory management systems

A research program, oriented towards the development of a new generation software for engineering-economic factory management systems, is being carried out jointly by the Electric Power Engineering Department, Technical University of Denmark, and the Production Engineering Laboratory NTH-SINTEF, University of Trondheim. An outline of this program, emphasizing the more fundamental aspects, is the purpose of the present account. Essentially, the basic idea is that, independent of the size of the industrial firm, a flexible design of any such system must take place putting together standardized building-blocks. Hence, the aim is to develop, to formulate, and to test in industrial practice datamatic or data-processing base operations forming such blocks. The outcome of the program, therefore, paves the way for a new technique of system generation. A technique which, based on a high degree of software reuse, is especially suited to meet the demands of the future; that is, demands such as user-controlled system development, specific factory adjustment, fast system production, and cheaper, modular, extendable, and transparent solutions. A characteristics feature of a program like this, is that it combines knowledge from a variety of different fields comprising in particular system science, production engineering and data processing techniques. Accordingly, the program is subdivided into a series of mutually coordinated, doctoral projects carried through at the two institutions in close cooperation with interested Danish and Norwegian industrial firms. Each of these projects deals with selected parts of the comprehensive problem area which, in its entirety, the program attempts to cover.

Integration of data base design in programming languages

In 1978, the ASTRA research group at the University of Trondheim was formed to create a prototype of a relational data base machine with appropriate software. A major part of this development was the definition and implementation of an integrated data definition and manipulation language ASTRAL (1).

Integration of data base design in programming languages

In 1978, the ASTRA research group at the University of Trondheim was formed to create a prototype of a relational data base machine with appropriate software. A major part of this development was the definition and implementation of an integrated data definition and manipulation language ASTRAL (1).

Integration of data base design in programming languages

In 1978, the ASTRA research group at the University of Trondheim was formed to create a prototype of a relational data base machine with appropriate software. A major part of this development was the definition and implementation of an integrated data definition and manipulation language ASTRAL (1).

The School of Medicine at the University of Trondheim

The article describes the factors which have led to the establishment of medical education at the University of Trondheim and discusses the medical teaching programme and the opportunities for research afforded by the links between medicine, technology and the social sciences at Trondheim.

Man in the Andes: A Multidisciplinary Study of High‐Altitude Quechua. Paul T. Baker and Michael A. Little, eds

Medical Anthropology NewsletterVolume 10, Issue 2 p. 21-22 Free Access Man in the Andes: A Multidisciplinary Study of High-Altitude Quechua. Paul T. Baker and Michael A. Little, eds Ralph Bolton PhD, Ralph Bolton PhD Anthropology, Pomona College and University of Trondheim, NorwaySearch for more papers by this author Ralph Bolton PhD, Ralph Bolton PhD Anthropology, Pomona College and University of Trondheim, NorwaySearch for more papers by this author First published: February 1979 https://doi.org/10.1525/maq.1979.10.2.02a00160AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume10, Issue2February 1979Pages 21-22 RelatedInformation

Examples of thin film applications in electronic devices

A review is given of thin film work and the applications of thin film technology in the Department of Electrical Engineering and the Electronics Research Laboratory at the University of Trondheim. Certain techniques and some particular materials properties are described in detail. However, the main emphasis is put on the development of electronic devices where thin film technology is an integral part of the fabrication process. Sputtered Al 2O 3 on nickel-chronium pins is used in a fast and robust thermocouple. A wear sensor based on a deposited cermet film and a pressure gauge which utilizes the elastoresistance in germanium films are among the examples described.

Twenty-Eight Bryophytes New to Svalbard

Localities and notes on ecology, distribution and taxonomy are given for three hepatics and twenty-five mosses new to the Svalbard ar- chipelago, Norway, European Arctic. A lectotype is selected for Tetrapolodon pallidus Hag. This paper is the first in a series to deal with the bryophyte flora of Svalbard. The papers will take up problems concerning taxonomy, nomenclature, ecology, geography and history. One of the tasks will be to revise old collections preserved in Scandina- vian herbaria. Finally the intention is to write an annotated list of the bryophytes of Svalbard. In the summers of 1973 and 1974 I visited Svalbard, partly to collect mosses. Both years I took part in an expedition from the University of Trondheim. The first year we stayed at Kapp Wijk in Isfjorden, and the second year in Ny-Alesund, Kongsfjorden and in Liefdefjorden. The visits lasted for about two months each year (25 June-25 Au- gust). Localities referred to in this paper are shown in Figure 1. Unless otherwise stated, the bryophytes were collected in 1974. A considerable amount of material was brought home, and only parts of it have been worked up. But it can already be said that the collections will add much to our knowledge about the bryophyte flora of Svalbard. Many species are reported for the first time from the Archipelago, and several species reported in the literature as rare or very rare have been found to be rather widespread. The island Bjornoya is not re- garded as a part of Svalbard in this work. Species reported as new to Svalbard in this paper will also be of great importance from a bryogeographical point of view. Some authors have claimed that there must have been ice free refugia on Svalbard during the last Ice Age. The reason for this has been the existence of a small endemic group of taxa of vascular plants (Ronning, 1965a) and a larger group of lichens (Lynge, 1938). In North America the existence of such refugia is demonstrated by geological methods, and both vascular plants and bryophytes are used in the delimitation of the refugia (see e.g. Schofield, 1972; Steere, 1976). The bryophytes have turned out to be more useful than expected. Vitt (1976) found that several species of the genus Seligeria in North America occur only in the vicinity of either unglaciated areas or in areas hypothesized as plant refugia; S. oelan-

Diffusion in lanthanum fluoride studied with19F relaxation

physica status solidi (a)Volume 43, Issue 1 p. K65-K68 Short Note Diffusion in lanthanum fluoride studied with 19F relaxation E. Ildstad, E. Ildstad Department of Physics, University of Trondheim, The Norwegian Institute of Technology Search for more papers by this authorI. Svare, I. Svare Department of Physics, University of Trondheim, The Norwegian Institute of Technology Search for more papers by this authorT. A. Fjeldly, T. A. Fjeldly ELAB, SINTEF, The Norwegian Institute of Technology , TrondheimSearch for more papers by this author E. Ildstad, E. Ildstad Department of Physics, University of Trondheim, The Norwegian Institute of Technology Search for more papers by this authorI. Svare, I. Svare Department of Physics, University of Trondheim, The Norwegian Institute of Technology Search for more papers by this authorT. A. Fjeldly, T. A. Fjeldly ELAB, SINTEF, The Norwegian Institute of Technology , TrondheimSearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 September 1977 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210430158Citations: 10 Trondheim 7034-NTH, Norway. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume43, Issue116 September 1977Pages K65-K68 RelatedInformation