Trondheim University Research Articles

Monitoring heat transfer for seepage in earth-rock dams with clay cores considering damaged areas: Laboratory experiments and numerical modeling

This study conducted a laboratory test and two-dimensional numerical simulation on seepage heat monitoring of a core rockfill dam. A fully automatic laboratory test system for dam seepage monitoring has been developed, which can achieve automatic control of water flow and temperature, as well as automatic data collection. A flow-heat coupling model based on [Johansen, O., (1975). Thermal conductivity of soils. P. D. thesis. University of Trondheim, Norway, Trondheim] empirical thermal conductivity model was established through secondary development using COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software, and its accuracy was verified. The influence of the location of damaged leakage in the core wall of the dam on flow and heat migration was analyzed. Among the investigated conditions, a damaged channel with a curved cross-section causes the formation of the prominent arc in the saturation line of the dam body downstream, induces the largest increase in the average seepage discharge, and makes the dam body most unstable. The effects of damage on the temperature and seepage fields are positively correlated for different damage types. The presence of a damaged area induces sudden changes in the pressure, velocity, and temperature at each monitoring point. The pressure, velocity and temperature are correlated, and there is a lag in temperature transfer. This study provides a reference for the application of distributed fiber optic temperature measurement technology in core rockfill dam engineering, especially in terms of fiber optic placement position. The established numerical model can provide an accurate and effective reference method for identifying abnormal temperature data and locating dam leakage. Our next step will be to study the flow and heat transfer characteristics throughout the entire process from undamaged to dam failure.

Arriving at a question: Retrospections on post-qualitative slow research with children

This article presents retrospections on selected methodological explications of a slow research process with child citizens living in the urban, Sør-Trondelag region of Norway. The process was akin to what Gallacher and Gallagher have termed “muddling through” and was about primarily about ‘arriving at, asking and then attempting to answer the question: What is the scope for the philosophical blossoming of adults when they enter children’s playfully constructed worlds as guests? Particularly, I engage with a post-empirical phase colloquium with one of my main co-explorers, Enaya Mubasher, in the Child and Youth Seminar at the Department of Education and Lifelong Learning, University of Trondheim (Norway) in March 2017. Enaya, a (primary school student at that time) and I first met in 2012 during our commonly shared time in a kindergarten in Trondheim, where I was a kindergarten assistant for Enaya’s group and played with Enaya as part of my job. While I did not first meet Enaya as a “research participant,” our relationship evolved into a co-explorer dynamic after I had stopped working in the kindergarten. Playing with Enaya, included among other efforts, consistently playing with my understanding of what it means to be “me” as an independent “I,” and with it what was expected of me as an (adult) researcher within adult-centric institutional framings. The retrospections accentuate relationality as a defining dimension of rationality in research processes to advance conversations at the intersections of postqualitative and slow research with children from a childist standpoint.

Patients with low-voltage electric shock referred to an Emergency Department.

Patients exposed to electricity are often referred to the Emergency Department, but guidelines differ as to how they should be managed. In this article, we describe patients with low-voltage electric shock in the Emergency Department at St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital. Retrospective data from patients referred to the Emergency Department following low-voltage electric shock (< 1,000V) in the period 1.1.2012-31.12.2017 (N = 210) were included. The median age was 26 years and 186/210 (89%) were men. Out of the 210 patients, 165 (79%) had symptoms following electric shock. Localised pain and chest discomfort occurred in 84/165 (51%) and 57/165 (35%) of patients respectively. ECG findings were normal in 168/209 (80%), and no patients had arrhythmias requiring treatment or elevated troponin T or creatine kinase. No patients had serious complications or died. Low-voltage electric shock did not cause serious arrhythmias or elevated levels of troponin T or creatine kinase. It should be possible to manage asymptomatic patients with normal findings on clinical examination and ECG in a prehospital setting without reducing patient safety.

Effectivity\u2013ecosphere\u2013economics in nZEB retrofit procedures

Sustainable development has by now become an element deeply integrated in the everyday design. It has many shades and may be found under many names. We speak about resiliency in design and procurement of passive, ecologic, plus energy, or nZEB buildings. Nevertheless, if we look closely, we may distinguish certain characteristic ideas. First, sustainable development of societies and urbanization processes should be consistent on a deeper level than presently, and be included within design processes, organization, and planning, as well as modernization and redevelopment procedures of existing urban tissue. Secondly, urbanization should be perceived holistically, as an interaction and harmonious development of both natural and manmade environments, with solutions based on the best technical and technological standards available. Lastly, described ideas are achievable only, if we include continuous cooperation between urban planners, architects, specialist consultants, as well as energy-efficient interdisciplinary solutions to achieve high standard energy measures. One of the thresholds is economic feasibility; the other is health and well-being of the users which should always be discussed as a priority. This paper—outside a brief theoretical approach to initial procedures in design management—will dwell on transformation and modernization of an existing building belonging to the Warsaw University of Technology, one of the oldest universities in Poland, its founding dating back to the beginning of the twentieth century. In 2015, a Nordic Finance Mechanism grant dedicated to the nZEB technology transfer from Norway to Poland was awarded to a group of researchers from Warsaw University of Technology and NTNU Trondheim. The main aim of the project is implementation of nZEB knowledge in Poland, as well as preparation of two integrated concept designs for public (University) buildings as exemplary case studies which could act as the benchmarks for other public buildings.

Revolution postponed? Tracing the development and limitations of open content filmmaking

ABSTRACTNetworked information technologies have brought about extensive changes in the production and distribution of creative cultural work. Inspired by the widespread success of Free-Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS), many proponents of open access advocate reconceptualisation of existing legal protection frameworks in creative works. This paper traces the attempted appropriation of Creative Commons (CC) licences by filmmakers and the consequent formation of an Open Content Filmmaking (OCF) movement. OCF proponents articulated notions of technology-enabled transformation in content creation and distribution, similar to those that inspire the visions of FLOSS and CC advocates. It examines how these creators attempted to address the relevance of openness to their own activities and develop practical open models for filmmaking. Difficulties experienced in establishing viable livelihoods with OCF (as FLOSS developers had done), created tensions between those with a pragmatic or more ideological orientation. The initial vision of a consistent OCF movement, enabled by CC, thus became fragmented. In contrast to FLOSS, where many actors were able to find ways to develop sustainable careers within the industry while contributing to Open Source Software, such generic strategies have not readily emerged for OCF. Drawing insights from Sørensen’s (1996) Social Learning framework (Learning technology, constructing culture. Sociotechnical change as social learning: University of Trondheim, STS working paper 18/96) in this paper we untangle the elaborate but often messy strategies deployed by Open Content Filmmakers (OCFs) and trace the multiple and often partial ways they have worked out to utilise CC elements and tools in producing, monetising and distributing their films.

Parametric sources—From theory to commercial products

The interest for underwater application of nonlinear acoustic began in the late 1950s and early 1960s with Westervelts idea of using nonlinear effects to generate low frequency sound beams with high directivity; the parametric source. This idea got a lot of attention during the 1960s and 1970s from various scientific institutions. An early experiment with a parametric source was performed by ELAB at the University of Trondheim and Simrad in 1977. In the early 1980s, Bentech started the design of a towed, combined mapping system for bathymetry and detection of buried pipelines. The idea was to do detection while moving along the pipeline, which required a sub-bottom profiler with steerable beams with high directivity. Due to limited space for transducer, a parametric source was the logical choice. A prototype of the parametric sub-bottom profiler was finished in the late 1980s. Following the prototype, the system was commercialized and additional versions were developed covering applications from shallow water, high resolution work to full ocean depth, high penetration work. Today KONGSBERG is a world leading supplier of parametric sub-bottom profilers.

A life dedicated to Romanian language. Interview with professor Arne Halvorsen

Professor Arne Halvorsen (1939-2014) was and remains a central figure when referring to Romanian-Norwegian cultural relations. In 2010 he was awarded the Order of Cultural Merit, in the rank of Commander, by the President of Romania, for his “exceptional contribution to promoting Romanian culture and language as well as Romania’s image in the Kingdom of Norway”. Due to his efforts, a Romanian language lectureship was established at the University of Trondheim (NTNU) in the period 2008-2011. Moreover, he wrote the first Romanian-Norwegian Dictionary (2001) and the first Romanian grammar in Norwegian (2012) – photos below.

The burden of headache, also for the adolecents?

Headache is one of the most prevalent pain disorders, and the mportance of the burden of headache is increasingly acknowldged, latest in the important WHO publication “The Headache tlas” authored by professor Tim Steiner and professor Lars Jacob tovner, University of Trondheim, Norway [1]. In order to reduce the significant burden of headache it is of tmost importance to identify the individuals at risk. The study ublished in the present issue of Scandinavian Journal of Pain: “The ord-Trondelag Health Study shows increased prevalence of priary recurrent headaches among adolescents over a four-year eriod” by Brit A. Jacobsen, Grete Dyb, Knut Hagen, Lars J. Stovner, urid L. Holmen, and John-Anker Zwart is an important contribuion [2]. It focuses on adolescents and exactly on the age group here most primary headaches have their onset. The Nord-Trondelag Health Study (Helse Undersokelse i Nordondelag =HUNT) is one of the largest and most comprehensive opulation-based health surveys ever performed. HUNT is a atabank of personal and family medical histories, clinical meaurements, exposure variables and biological material collected in hree consecutive studies from 1984 to 2008. In total, more than 00,000 persons from the County of Nord-Trondelag in Norway ave participated. In the HUNT2-study (1995–1997) the age group etween 13 and 20 years was included for the first time.

Messages of Stones: The Changing Symbolism of the Urban Landscape in Warsaw in the Post-Communist Era. Trondheim Studies on East European Cultures and Societies, 20 by Marcin Kula (review)

59? SEER, 88, 3, JULY 20IO themost dangerous mines inRomania, particularly in his description of the decline ofmedical services as part of the overall package ofworking in this area.Whereas under socialism medical care was provided for miners and their families, the decline of core services is such that medical attention now requires bribery. Overall, this is a very valuable book that sheds considerable light on a subject that is rarely covered inmost literature on Romania. Whereas there are analyses of theminers as a political movement, there isvery little written on the effectsof cutting services and running down industries.The decline of theworking class within Romania, itsdisempowerment and increasing social problems are all here. If I have a criticism it is in the lack of statistical analysis. For example, on page 189Kideckel talks about a health survey and the resulting findings, but does not put any of the resulting statistical analysis into the text. Particularly here, Iwould have been interested in looking at trends and figures formyself as a means of shedding further light on his arguments. However, I would have no hesitation in recommending this book to anyone interested in either theworking class in general or Romanian social analysis in particular. It iswell written, accessible and clear and, above all, it is interesting, relevant and compelling. School ofGovernment and Society Universityof Birmingham P. B. Jackson Kula, Marcin. Messages ofStones:The ChangingSymbolismof the Urban Landscape in Warsaw in the Post-Communist Era. Trondheim Studies on East European Cultures and Societies, 20. University of Trondheim, Trondheim, 2007. 55 pp. Illustrations. Notes. NOKi00.00 (paperback). This short study on the urban symbolism of post-1989 Warsaw by a distin guished Polish historian, Marcin Kula, is fascinating and, inmany respects, innovative among Polish studies on visual symbolism. In hisMessages ofStones, Kula documents, catalogues and analyses the new places, monuments and plaques thathave contributed to a major visual reorientation of officialPolish history in post-1989 Warsaw. What isparticularly strikingabout this study is thatKula isgenerally not interested in the numerous new buildings thathave appeared in Warsaw since 1989, but rather in the architectural additions and refinements that, thoughminor in themselves, have nonetheless greatly altered the visual character of the city and have even suggested a new reading of Polish history.When presented together, these additions provide a dramatic account of 'the changes in the symbolism of the urban landscape triggered by the political transformation' (p. 55). As Kula points out,Warsaw is still part-way through altering its character, although some changes, such as the renaming of streets that took place shordy after 1989, are a closed process. Kula divides his study of the visual landscape of Warsaw according to the historical period towhich individual changes refer: early Polish history, the REVIEWS 591 partitions of Poland (1773-1918), the interwar period (1918-39), World War Two (1939-45), Communist Poland (1945?89) and, finally, he looks at those monuments that refer to the entire history of Poland. Not surprisingly, the chapters devoted toWorld War Two and the Communist period are the longest, since these two periods arouse the greatest emotions in post-1989 Polish society.The changes inhistorical interpretation, the revelation of long hidden facts pertaining to Communist oppression and the erasure of blatant lies from official Polish historiography have together resulted in the appear ance of a large number of commemorative plaques and monuments thathave altered the visual landscape of the city, specifically through their emphasis on patriotic, anti-Communist and Catholic messages. One fact, almost com pletely ignored by the Communist authorities, is also emphasized, namely that until theHolocaust, Warsaw had a large and vibrant Jewish community. During the time of partitionWarsaw also had a largeRussian population, but contemporary Poles are disinclined to commemorate it and consequentiy there is little interest in 'preserving thememory ofRussian presence in the city' (p. 51). Kula also comments on the unintended consequences of change. For instance, surrounding some of the places that commemorate tragic events in the city's historywith modern, and often brash, advertising leads to a jarring clash between the old and the new. Another change in Warsaw's landscape that Kula comments on is the disappearance of milk bars, 'which, while perhaps not of...

Symmetry – An International and Interdisciplinary Scientific Open Access Journal

As the publisher of MDPI journals, I am pleased to launch Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994), an international and interdisciplinary open access scientific journal. Twenty years ago, a journal entitled Symmetry – An Interdisciplinary and International Journal was launched by VCH Publishers, Inc. in New York, with Professor Istvan Hargittai as Editor-in-Chief. I submitted a paper which was processed by Professor Sven J. Cyvin from The University of Trondheim – The Norwegian Institute of Technology. The paper was accepted and scheduled for publication in the printed issue 4 of volume 1, 1990. I still keep a copy of the galley proofs. However, the publication of this journal was terminated after just the release of the first issue of volume 1, and this paper was finally published elsewhere [1]. [...]

Frequency and effect of optimal anticoagulation before onset of ischaemic stroke in patients with known atrial fibrillation

The aims of the study were (i) to examine which antithrombotic therapy patients with known atrial fibrillation use at the point of time when they suffer an ischaemic stroke, (ii) to evaluate the effects of optimal antithrombotic treatment on outcome and severity of the stroke. Patients with known atrial fibrillation before onset of acute ischaemic stroke, and age >60 years were included. Antithrombotic therapy on admission was classified into four groups: no antithrombotic therapy, aspirin, sub-optimal anticoagulation (warfarin and international normalized ratio, INR<2.0) and optimal anticoagulation (warfarin and INR>or=2.0). modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 5 or 6 at day 7 poststroke. (i) death or discharge to a nursing home, (ii) death, (iii) stroke severity on admission assessed by Scandinavian Stroke Scale. A total of 394 patients were included. On admission 109 (28%) patients used no antithrombotic therapy, 169 (43%) aspirin, 52 (13%) warfarin and had an INR<2.0, and 64 (16%) used warfarin and had an INR>or=2.0. The proportion of patients with an mRS 5 or 6 and the corresponding odds ratios were: in the warfarin group with INR<2.0, 16 (31%), OR 3.1 (CI: 1.2-8.0), (P=0.019), in the group with no antithrombotic therapy 29 (27%), 2.5 (1.1-5.9), (P=0.034), and in the aspirin group 41(24%), 2.2 (1.0-5.1) (P=0.054), compared with the warfarin group with INR>or=2.0, where eight (13%) patients had a poor outcome. A significantly higher proportion of patients died or were discharged to a nursing home in the warfarin group with an INR<2.0 (P=0.014), in the aspirin group (P=0.018) and in the no-treatment group (P=0.035), compared with the warfarin group with an INR>or=2.0. No significant differences were found regarding death alone and stroke severity on admission. Few patients with known atrial fibrillation who suffer an ischaemic stroke receive optimal antithrombotic therapy prior to the onset of stroke. Optimal anticoagulation does not only reduce the risk of ischaemic stroke, but also appears to reduce death and severe dependency as well as the need for nursing home care, if an ischaemic stroke occurs.

The Acteon Complex: Gaze, Body, and Rites of Passage in ‘Hedda Gabler’

Hedda Gabler has long been acknowledged as among the most problematic as well as one of the greatest of Ibsen's plays, requiring a delicate balance to be struck in production between a clearly defined social context and the need to express Hedda's existential selfhood. Here, Erik Østerud, developing a view of the play which as early as 1893 recognized it as ‘waltz tunes over an abyss of nothingness’, defines the three distinct ‘worlds’ around which Hedda circles – those characterized by Aunt Julie, the red-haired singer, and Judge Brack – and her struggles to reconcile Løvberg's impetuous idealism with Brack's facade of conformity. Calling upon a wide range of cultual references, but with a vision focused on the actuality of the play's scenography, Østerud sees the separate social groupings as at once interlocked through a mythic analogy with the cult of Dionysus, and in more contemporary terms giving us an ‘overview of the total economy of sexuality within a bourgeois society that is dominated by panoptical supervision and strong sexual repression’. Erik Østerud is Professor of Scandinavian Literature at the University of Trondheim, having previously taught at Aarhus, Berkeley, and Oslo. His most recent publication is Theatrical and Narrative Space (Aarhus University Press, 1998).

USING ABSORBANCE AND FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA TO DISCRIMINATE MICROALGAL PHYLOGENTIC GROUPS AND TAXA

Millie. D. F.1, Kirkpatrick, G. J.2, Schofield O. M. E.3, Johnsen, G.4, &amp; Evens, T. J.1 1USDA‐ Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA, 2Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota FL 34240 USA, 3Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA, 4Trondheim Biological Station, University of Trondheim, N‐7018 Trondheim, NorwayDeveloping optical detection techniques for discriminating phytoplankton species in mixed assemblages has long been a goal of aquatic scientists. Previously, the authors described methods to discriminate the optical absorbance spectra for a red‐tide dinoflagellate within both hypothetical mixed cultures and mixed natural assemblages. To this end, the utility of absorption and fluorescence‐emission spectra for further discriminating among algal phylogenetic groups (and potentially taxa) and for discriminating phycobilin and non‐phycobilin containing algae, respectively, was examined in laboratory cultures. A similarity index algorithm, in conjunction with fourth‐derivative transformation of absorbance spectra, provided discrimination among/between the chlorophyll [Chl] a/phycobilins, Chl a/Chl b, Chl a/Chl c/fucoxanthin, Chl a/Chl c/peridinin spectral classes as well as closely‐related phylogenetic groups within a class. Among the cyanobacteria, diatoms, and chlorophytes tested, absorbance spectra of taxa possessing dissimilar cell morphologies were discriminated with the greatest range of differentiation occurring among cyanobacteria. Interestingly, spectra for problematic cyanobacteria (including taste/odor metabolite‐ and toxin‐producing species) were discriminated from spectra from each other and from other cyanobacteria. Fluorescence‐emission spectra were distinct among algal spectral groups; similarity comparisons of fourth‐derivative plots discriminated the increasing contribution of distinct taxa containing different phycobilin pigments and between phycobilin and non‐phycobilin containing taxa within hypothetical mixed assemblages. The potential application for in situ instrumentation incorporating such approaches in monitoring programs, particularly those targeting harmful algal blooms, is elucidated.

The Philo Index. A Complete Greek Word Index to the Writings of Philo of Alexandria

This new reference work is the first and only available word index to all the Greek words in the writings of Philo of Alexandria, main fragments included. Designed specifically to aid with research on Philo, this lemmatized and computer-generated concordance lists each Greek word alphabetically, followed by an exhaustive listing of every occurrence of the term within Philo's extensive corpus of extant writings. Based on the four major translations of Philo's writings (Cohn-Wendland, Colson, Petit, and Paramelle) this index eases word study by including contracted words and words with variant spellings into a single listing. It also notes supplementary lemmas and other grammatical variations in brackets after the primary term. product of the Norwegian Philo Concordance Project begun in the late 1960s by Peder Borgen (University of Trondheim), with development assistance from Kare Fuglseth (University of Trondheim) and Roald Skarsten (University of Bergen), The Philo Index is a must for research and academic libraries and will be indispensable for scholars and students of Philo. A Brill-Eerdmans co-publication

Screening for neuroblastoma and age‐specific incidence

Acta PaediatricaVolume 88, Issue 4 p. 362-364 Screening for neuroblastoma and age-specific incidence PJ Moe, PJ Moe Department of Paediatrics, University of Trondheim, Trondheim, NorwaySearch for more papers by this author PJ Moe, PJ Moe Department of Paediatrics, University of Trondheim, Trondheim, NorwaySearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 January 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb01122.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume88, Issue4April 1999Pages 362-364 RelatedInformation

Assessment of insulin secretion in vitro from microencapsulated fetal porcine islet-like cell clusters and rat, mouse, and human pancreatic islets.

The possibility of transplanting microencapsulated pancreatic islets into patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, either as allografts or xenografts, has attracted great interest. A critical evaluation of the results obtained reveals that the success has been very limited. The aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro function of microencapsulated islets obtained from adult humans, adult mice, adult rats, and fetal pigs. Human pancreatic islets were isolated at beta-Cell Transplant in Brussels, Belgium, and sent to the Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University in Uppsala, Sweden. Rat and mouse pancreatic islets and fetal porcine islet-like cell clusters (ICC) were prepared in Uppsala. All groups of islets were subsequently sent to the Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian Institute of Biotechnology, University of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway. After 1 day in tissue culture, the islets were microencapsulated in alginate then cultured and sent back to Uppsala the next day. After either overnight culture (day 1) or 6 days of culture (day 6), the microencapsulated islets were examined for their insulin content and insulin release. Nonencapsulated islets from the same isolations were used as controls. The insulin content of rodent and human islets was not affected by microencapsulation, whereas porcine ICC showed a diminished insulin content. Microencapsulated porcine ICC also had a marked reduction in their insulin secretion in response to stimulation with glucose or glucose + theophylline both on days 1 and 6 in tissue culture. Mouse islets showed a reduced insulin response at both time points. Rat islets exhibited an inhibition of insulin secretion on day 1, but this had been restored by day 6. Human islets had well-preserved insulin secretion after both days 1 and 6. Microencapsulated human islets showed a normal morphology 3-4 weeks after intraperitoneal transplantation to nude mice. Pancreatic islets isolated from human, rat, and mouse donors show a glucose-stimulated insulin release in vitro after microencapsulation and repeated transports between laboratories. The insulin secretory capacity of microencapsulated human and rat islets was preserved best, whereas mouse islets and particularly fetal porcine ICC were impaired by microencapsulation.

Users as Agents of Technological Change: The Social Construction of the Automobile in the Rural United States

Users as Agents of Technological Change: The Social Construction of the Automobile in the Rural United States RONALD KLINE AND TREVOR PINCH Historians and social commentators generally assume that the au­ tomobile has transformed American society. There can be little doubt that America has become a “car culture.” But rather less at­ tention has been given to how American society shaped the car— particularly rural society. Although historians usually mention the farm background ofHenry Ford and describe the importance of the rural market in the diffusion of the automobile in North America, they have, by far, concentrated on the history of the car in urban settings. Most authors relate the technical, business, and social his­ tory of the automobile in terms of urban inventors, urban manufac­ turers, city pleasures, city traffic jams, and suburban sprawl.1 Those Dr. Kline is associate professor of the history of technology at Cornell University, with a joint appointment between the College of Engineering and the Science and Technology Studies Department. Dr. Pinch is professor of the sociology of science and technology in the Science and Technology Studies Department at Cornell. An earlier version of this paper was presented to the workshop on “The Car and Its Environment: The Past, Present and Future of the Motorcar in Europe,” University ofTrondheim, May 6-8, 1993. The authors are grateful to participants at the confer­ ence for their comments on that version, and to Michael Dennis and the Technology and Culture referees for comments on other drafts. They would also like to acknowl­ edge the research assistance of Chris Finlayson, Simon Cole, and Miranda Paton; Suzanne Moon for conducting oral history interviews in New York state; and Terry Hoover, Bob Casey, and their coworkers at the Henry Ford Museum for their assis­ tance. Research for this paper was supported by National Science Foundation Grant Number SBR-9321180. 'See, e.g.,John Rae, TheAmericanAutomobile: A BriefHistory (Chicago, 1965);James J. Flink, America Adopts the Automobile, 1895-1910 (Cambridge, Mass., 1970), The Car Culture (Cambridge, Mass., 1975), and The Automobile Age (Cambridge, Mass., 1990); David L. Lewis, The Public Image ofHenryFord: An American Folk Hero and His Company (Detroit, 1976); Lewis and Laurence Goldstein, eds., The Automobile and American Culture (Ann Arbor, 1983), which has one chapter by Reynold Wik on rural life; Virginia Scharff, Taking the Wheel: Women and the Coming ofthe Motor Age (New York, 1991); and Clay McShane, Down the Asphalt Path: The Automobile and the American City (New York, 1994), pp. 176-80.© 1996 by the Society for the History of Technology. All rights reserved. 0040-165X/96/3704-0003$01.00 763 764 Ronald Kline and Trevor Pinch who have studied the automobile in the American countryside have concentrated on the social “impact” of the car and the fascination of rural people with Henry Ford and his Model T. Most have seen the car as an “external” force that transformed rural society, usually by urbanizing it.2 They have described in passing how farm people used the car or modified itfor purposes not intended by manufactur­ ers. But these actions have taken a backseat to a form of technologi­ cal determinism evident in most rural as well as urban automotive histories, in which autonomous technological forces drive social change.3 In this essay, we turn these assumptions around and argue that users of technology acted as agents of technological change. By treating farm people as active participants in the social construction of the automobile, we seek to extend recent work in the history of technology that shifts the field’s traditional focus from the “produc­ ers” of technology (e.g., inventors, engineers, and manufacturers) to the “users” of technology (e.g., laborers, factory owners, home­ workers, and consumers).4 Within this growing body of scholarship, 2The major works are Reynold M. Wik, Henry Ford and Grass-Roots America (Ann Arbor, 1972); Michael L. Berger, The Devil Wagon in God’s Country: The Automobile and Social Change in Rural America, 1893-1929 (Hamden, Conn., 1979); Joseph Interrante , “You Can’t Go to Town in a Bathtub: Automobile Movement and the Reor­ ganization of Rural American Space, 1900-1930,” Radical History Review 21 (1979): 151-68...

Sustainable Development in Fisheries: Illusion or Emerging Reality?

Sociologia RuralisVolume 36, Issue 2 p. 163-176 Sustainable Development in Fisheries: Illusion or Emerging Reality? Oddmund Otterstad, Oddmund Otterstad Centre of Social Studies Research, University of Trondheim, Norway.Search for more papers by this author Oddmund Otterstad, Oddmund Otterstad Centre of Social Studies Research, University of Trondheim, Norway.Search for more papers by this author First published: August 1996 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.1996.tb00013.xCitations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume36, Issue2August 1996Pages 163-176 RelatedInformation

A comparison of the early symptomatic effect of single-doses of a fast dissolving famotidine wafer to ranitidine conventional tablets in gastro-esophageal reflux diseases: T. Johannessen, P. Kristensen. Section of General Practice, University of Trondheim, Norway

A comparison of the early symptomatic effect of single-doses of a fast dissolving famotidine wafer to ranitidine conventional tablets in gastro-esophageal reflux diseases: T. Johannessen, P. Kristensen. Section of General Practice, University of Trondheim, Norway

Routine Ultrasonography in Utero and Speech Development

National Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center; Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, University of Trondheim, Trondheim; and Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1994;4:101-103