University Of Texas In Austin Research Articles

Los primeros pasos del reportaje inmersivo a través de vídeos en 360º

El objetivo de este texto es trazar un recorrido histórico por los principales pasos del reportaje inmersivo a partir de una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica de la literatura académica y profesional sobre el tema. La hemos completado con el visionado de vídeos internacionales de referencia y con entrevistas en profundidad con algunos de los expertos españoles en el campo. Confrontamos los hallazgos con la realización de un MOOC sobre el tema, impartido en la Universidad de Texas en Austin entre marzo y abril de 2017. Los resultados confirman la creciente producción de este tipo de reportajes, sus numerosas aplicaciones para el periodismo y el relevante papel que han desempeñado en esta apuesta algunos de los grandes medios en colaboración con otros más pequeños y productoras independientes.

How Precisely Can the Temperature of a Fluid Event be Constrained Using Fluid Inclusions?

U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR 1624589]; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER15430]; Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas Austin

An Innovative STEM Education Framework for a Changing Educational Landscape

This article describes features of NAUTeach, a secondary mathematics teacher preparation program that is modeled onthe UTeach program at the University of Texas-Austin. NAUTeach is a research-based STEM program that developsthe next generation of mathematics and science teachers by engaging them in rigorous content and methodologycoursework specifically developed to provide a broad, cross-curricular framework of innovativeinstruction. NAUTeach has been specifically designed to serve the needs of preservice mathematics and scienceteachers as they embark on teaching a new generation of students in an ever changing world. The NAUTeachprogram focuses on the development of inquiry-based instructional methods, reflective practice, and peercollaboration through a carefully sequenced series of courses that consistently promote early and frequent field workand a learner-centered focus of teaching and learning. Though the NAUTeach program is a blended mathematics andscience teacher preparation program, this article will focus on the preparation of secondary mathematics teachers bydescribing the cross-curricular (mathematics & science) methodological sequence of courses, along with themathematics-specific pedagogical courses, that preservice mathematics teacher candidates take as part of this program.Connections between the NAUTeach program and guidelines for the content and pedagogical preparation of teacherswill be made with specific attention paid to the development of reflective, innovative, flexible, and reform-orientedmathematics teachers.

Regulation of diurnal growth: phytochrome interacting factor 5 is degraded by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL4COP 1- SPA.

Regulation of diurnal growth: phytochrome interacting factor 5 is degraded by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL4COP 1- SPA.

Ezra Pound and Ernst Kantorowicz: From medieval to modern autocracies

Abstract Ezra Pound became a leading anglophone propagandist for fascist Italy – a kind of Romanesque Lord Haw-Haw – which subsequently coloured both his politics and his poetry. Between summer 1940 and spring 1945, and already building several dozen gratis propaganda texts lauding Italy’s imperial conquest of Abyssinia, supporting an ‘international fascism’ that embraced both Mosley’s British Union of Fascists and Hitler’s Germany, Pound wrote or broadcast thousands of radio items, first for Italy’s state-run EIAR, and then for the Salò Republic. In doing so, he never ceased his well-paid propaganda activities, using at least a dozen pseudonymous ‘personae’ in order to continue his radio transmissions throughout the war. This article examines the influence of Ernst Kantorowicz’s Frederick II, 1194–1250 ([1927] 1931) – a text described only 25 years ago as a ‘fascist classic’ – may have had on Pound’s embrace of Italian Fascism and later sacralization of Mussolini’s dictatorship. This article also includes new research into Pound’s handwritten annotations in his personal copy of Kantorowicz’s book, now in the Ezra Pound Collection of The Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas in Austin.

A Teaching EHR for Delivery of Small Group Cases

Currently there is no organized, systematic approach to teaching health professions students how to use electronic health records (EHRs). In developing curriculum for the new Dell Medical School (DMS) at University of Texas‐Austin, we decided to create a simulated electronic health record (“teaching EHR”) for the 1‐year pre‐clinical curriculum to facilitate transition to the clinical world. The teaching EHR is used in two required courses: hybrid case‐based learning (CBL)/problem‐based learning (PBL) small‐group sessions and a clinical skills course.The teaching EHR was developed in partnership with the UT Health Informatics and Health IT program. An independent contractor modified the open‐source platform OpenEHR. Specifications were created by a collaboration of basic science and clinical faculty plus the DMS Director of Informational Technology & Design. The EHR contains patient demographics plus dated encounters. The typical encounter page has optional fields that include visit location, chief complaint, history of present illness, patient history, review of systems (ROS), vitals, physical exam, assessment and plan. There are sections for medications, allergies, and immunizations. Lab tests and panels can be selected from a menu and include normal values. Tests and procedures are uploaded in multiple document and image formats as well as audio and video files. A DICOM reader allows inclusion of diagnostic imaging such as x‐rays and computerized tomography scans in *.dcm and *.jpg formats.CBL/PBL cases traditionally are written in narrative format with images and lab results embedded in the text. In our EHR cases, students must navigate the sidebars and dropdown menus of the patient's record to find or enter the relevant information, just as they will in the clinical world.The teaching EHR is used for case presentation in our CBL/PBL sessions, a required component of each integrated basic science course. Each week small groups of 7 students, with guidance from a facilitator, are presented with 1 or 2 cases. For each case they have one hour to read the case and develop learning objectives that range from basic science to pathology, pharmacology, and psychosocial or population health issues. Students independently research each objective for the case, then present and discuss in a 2‐hour follow‐up session.The initial cases are presented in the traditional paper‐based format to allow students to learn the process and dynamics of small group CBL/PBL. In week 7 the students are assigned an online introduction to the EHR before they come to the group session and log into the EHR for their case. The EHR cases follow the narrative format of the paper cases initially, with dialogue between patient and provider or attending physician and students, but as the year progresses and students learn more clinical skills, the cases transition to a more realistic format with less dialogue and expanded history, ROS, and physical exam entries. In parallel with this transition, the students are learning to enter their own data from simulated and real patients into the teaching EHR. Feedback from students and facilitators after one year indicates that the students found using the teaching EHR was a valuable introduction but it did not accurately replicate the complexity of a true hospital‐based EHR.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Benefit-Cost Analysis of Undergraduate Education Programs: An Example Analysis of the Freshman Research Initiative.

Institutions and administrators regularly have to make difficult choices about how best to invest resources to serve students. Yet economic evaluation, or the systematic analysis of the relationship between costs and outcomes of a program or policy, is relatively uncommon in higher education. This type of evaluation can be an important tool for decision makers considering questions of resource allocation. Our purpose with this essay is to describe methods for conducting one type of economic evaluation, a benefit-cost analysis (BCA), using an example of an existing undergraduate education program, the Freshman Research Initiative (FRI) at the University of Texas Austin. Our aim is twofold: to demonstrate how to apply BCA methodologies to evaluate an education program and to conduct an economic evaluation of FRI in particular. We explain the steps of BCA, including assessment of costs and benefits, estimation of the benefit-cost ratio, and analysis of uncertainty. We conclude that the university's investment in FRI generates a positive return for students in the form of increased future earning potential.

Selling the Silver Bullet: The Lone Ranger & Transmedia Brand Licensing by Avi Santo (review)

Reviewed by: Selling the Silver Bullet: The Lone Ranger & Transmedia Brand Licensing by Avi Santo Britta Hanson Avi Santo, Selling the Silver Bullet: The Lone Ranger & Transmedia Brand Licensing. University of Texas Austin, 2015. 331pages. ISBN: 978-0-292-77254-0. Selling the Silver Bullet is an engaging and eminently readable account of what on the surface would seem to be a less than scintillating corner of the media landscape: the licensing of a given character brand to ancillary markets. Santo’s way into this rich area of study is The Lone Ranger, the character invented in the early 1930s by an advertising firm for radio, and who over the next 80 years was depicted in everything from linoleum floors to the infamous 2013 film of the same name. Santo’s primary argument is that we should consider licensing as a form of creative labor. He supports this claim by showing how the companies responsible for the Lone Ranger’s licensing played a crucial role in the management of the brand; specifically, how they maintained the consistency of the brand’s identity, facilitated its dissemination, and influenced the understanding of the brand’s meaning through timely, shrewd product deployment. This argument places the book at a fruitful crossroads between traditional media studies discussions of authorship and more communication studies-oriented approaches to brands, ancillary products, and business cultures. Thus, Santo does an admirable job of situating his historically based argument within the current scholarship on transmedia phenomena, which has previously focused almost exclusively on contemporary media. As Santo states, “digital tools are by no means the only nor even the primary way to connect consumers and intensify their investment in a particular brand” (70). He is careful not to let any one of these approaches overwhelm the others, however, instead only engaging with outside scholarship to the extent that it aids his own argument. And while Santo is carving out a new place for licensing in our understanding of the media industries, his consideration of corporate authorship is an excellent way to reframe longstanding debates. An especially focused and thought-provoking section in this regard is his examination of the heated legal battles over The Lone Ranger during the 1940s in chapter four, particularly its owners’ fight for authorial recognition based on its “managerial acumen” rather than its creative labor. The associated 1942 court case allows Santo to delineate the corporate workflow of LRI, the advertising firm responsible for The Lone Ranger, in relation to the brand, and more broadly, the corporate thinking that went into the conception of a purposefully reproducible yet distinct character. The structure of the book in some ways mirrors the rise and fall of the Masked Man himself. The first five of the eight chapters (two-thirds of the book’s length, by page count) focus on The Lone Ranger’s heyday from the 1930s to the 1950s. During this period, the Ranger’s popularity rivaled Superman’s, and Santo not only traces how licensing shaped and buoyed that success, but also the larger lineage of character licensing practices in the American context. These chapters are bolstered by their deep and detailed use of archival records and artifacts. Santo’s wealth of information allows him to focus on only the most choice, compelling examples, and since these chapters cover only 20 years, he is able to tailor his argument closely to that modest duration. The last third of the book – the last three chapters – is less assured. These chapters address the uneasy road of the Lone Ranger from the waning of his popularity in the late 1950s until the present day. It is hard to lay the blame for the problem entirely at Santo’s [End Page 82] feet, as the book must advance through fifty years of more-or-less unremarkable history before it can explore 2013’s The Lone Ranger and all that film has to say about heritage brands. In addition, Santo does not have the same extensive access in this later period to the corporate documents in question, forcing him to approach an already staid era from the outside rather than from within. In order to advance through so many years...

Evolution's rules mean life isn't that varied

A study conducted by Eric Pianka, an evolutionary ecologist at the University of Texas in Austin and Laurie Vitt at the University of Oklahoma to find out if the number of niches is limited to species. The pair looked at 134 species of lizards on 4 continents and examined more 50 features of their niches, such as habitat, type, hunting style, reproductive output and defenses against predators. Over and over, they saw pairs of unrelated lizards converge on similar niches. Of the 134 species, 100 belonged to a convergent pair, more than could have happened by chance and adds that chameleons in Africa have American equivalents called bush anoles, and Australia's--thorny devil fills the same niche as North America's horned lizards.

"Historical Argument" or "Cowboys and Indian"? Arnold Wesker's TV Screenplay of Arthur Koestler's Thieves in the Night

In October 1989 a TV adaptation of Arthur Koestler's novel Thieves in the Night (1946) was aired in three parts in Germany. The final script of the German-Israeli co-production was written by Wolfgang Storch, who also directed the miniseries. An earlier version of the screenplay had been commissioned by the German TV and radio station NDR from the British Jewish playwright Arnold Wesker. Based on the copious archival material held by the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas in Austin, which includes the original drafts of the author's scripts and his correspondence relating to the project, this article explores Wesker's involvement in the production from 1983 to 1985, and the eventual publication of an extract from the dramatist's third draft in the Jewish Chronicle in 1986. Wesker's screenplay was ultimately rejected because his conception of a "historical argument" was not compatible with the "cowboys and Indian version" which, in the dramatist's words, was expected of him. It is argued that the increasingly acrimonious relationship among the screenwriter, the originally retained director, François Villiers, and various producers originated not only in conflicting approaches to the commercial and artistic dimensions of the project but also in divergent perceptions of the position of Israel and its history. This tension reveals different strategies of instrumentalizing the literary text and its TV adaptation for an understanding of the present.

Gendered Asylum: Race and Violence in U.S. Law and Politics

Book Review| June 01 2017 Gendered Asylum: Race and Violence in U.S. Law and Politics Gendered Asylum: Race and Violence in U.S. Law and Politics. By Sara L. McKinnon. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2016; x + 165 pp., $95.00 cloth, $25.00 paper, $22.50 e-book. Lario J. Albarrán Lario J. Albarrán University of Texas-Austin, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google QED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking (2017) 4 (2): 197–199. https://doi.org/10.14321/qed.4.2.0197 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Lario J. Albarrán; Gendered Asylum: Race and Violence in U.S. Law and Politics. QED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking 1 June 2017; 4 (2): 197–199. doi: https://doi.org/10.14321/qed.4.2.0197 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveMichigan State University PressQED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. © 2017 Michigan State University2017 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Range of plasma ions in cold cluster gases near the critical point

We measure the range of plasma ions in cold cluster gases by using the Petawatt laser at the University of Texas-Austin. The produced plasma propagated in all directions some hitting the cold cluster gas not illuminated by the laser. From the ratio of the measured ion distributions at different angles we can estimate the range of the ions in the cold cluster gas. It is much smaller than estimated using popular models, which take only into account the slowing down of charged particles in uniform matter. We discuss the ion range in systems prepared near a liquid–gas phase transition.

“Historical Argument” or “Cowboys and Indian”? Arnold Wesker's TV Screenplay of Arthur Koestler's <em>Thieves in the Night</em>

In October 1989, a TV adaptation of Arthur Koestler’s novel Thieves in the Night (1946) was aired in three parts in Germany. The final script of the German-Israeli co-production was written by Wolfgang Storch who also directed the mini-series. An earlier version of the screenplay had been commissioned by the German TV and radio station NDR from the British Jewish playwright Arnold Wesker. Based on the copious archival material held by the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas in Austin which includes the original drafts of the author’s scripts and his correspondence relating to the project, this article explores Wesker’s involvement in the production from 1983 to 1985 and the eventual publication of an extract from the dramatist’s third draft in the Jewish Chronicle in 1986. Wesker’s screenplay was ultimately rejected because his conception of a “historical argument” was not compatible with the “cowboys and Indian version” which, in the dramatist’s words, was expected of him. It is argued that the increasingly acrimonious relationship between the screenwriter, the originally retained director Francois Villiers, and various producers originated not only in conflicting approaches to the commercial and artistic dimensions of the project but also in divergent perceptions of the position of Israel and its history and that it reveals different strategies of instrumentalising the literary text and its TV adaptation for an understanding of the present.

Shadows of a Sunbelt City: The Environment, Racism, and the Knowledge Economy in Austin by Eliot M. Tretter

Reviewed by: Shadows of a Sunbelt City: The Environment, Racism, and the Knowledge Economy in Austin by Eliot M. Tretter Michan Connor Shadows of a Sunbelt City: The Environment, Racism, and the Knowledge Economy in Austin. By Eliot M. Tretter. Geographies of Justice and Social Transformation. ( Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2016. Pp. x, 179. Paper, $24.95, ISBN 978-0-8203-4489-8; cloth, $74.95, ISBN 978-0-8203-4488-1.) Contemporary development theory and practice presume, following Richard Florida, that thriving cities attract a diverse, creative, and educated workforce through cultural eclecticism and environmental sustainability. Austin, Texas, celebrated as "weird," tops many lists of such cities. Eliot M. Tretter contends that Austin's culture was less important to its development than were decisions made beginning in the 1950s by a coalition of local, state, and federal entities, particularly University of Texas (UT) officials, to remake the city's institutions [End Page 751] and physical spaces to attract investment in the electronics industry. This coalition and its successors razed working-class and minority neighborhoods and prioritized the needs of research professionals and investors, showing that the creative-class city is a "system of asymmetrical power relations that has engendered both uneven development among neighborhoods and inequalities among peoples" (p. 142). Tretter divides his book into two parts. The first, stretching from the 1950s to the 1990s, describes the rise of UT's growth coalition, while the second critically evaluates the selective incorporation of environmentalism into growth politics after 1990. Readers familiar with recent studies of urban renewal will recognize in the first part a description of local leaders empowered by the Housing Act of 1949 to declare land blighted, seize it, and redevelop it. Tretter enhances this history by arguing that UT, spurred by a 1957 commission to generate more lucrative intellectual property, adroitly linked its need for research facilities to the property value goals of the Austin Urban Renewal Agency. Later, UT leveraged the university's bond power to subsidize the costs of private production facilities through university-industry partnerships. The second part addresses contemporary development politics. Municipal officials, drawn evenly from developer and conservationist constituencies, beganin theearly1990stoembracea "sustainability fix" for a political impasse that allowed Austin's suburbs to capture development (p. 7). Intensifying land use in central Austin accommodated state support for suburban sprawl, mollified influential water quality activists, and attracted professionals to redeveloped neighborhoods, enhancing land value, while pushing burdens of pollution and displacement onto politically marginalized communities of color. Tretter effectively critiques both "creative class" and "smart growth" analyses by highlighting the elite politics that created them and the skewed distribution of their costs and benefits (pp. 146, 147). A knowledge economy did not spring spontaneously from brainpower gathered at UT; it was nurtured by public commitment to physical and institutional infrastructure that ignored working-class and minority constituencies and by UT's turn toward entrepreneurial pursuits. And "smart growth" policies reconciled the concerns of affluent and liberal environmentalists with growth by supporting redevelopment and gentrification in central and eastside Austin neighborhoods. As a disciplinary matter, some historians may find Shadows of a Sunbelt City: The Environment, Racism, and the Knowledge Economy in Austin less a history of UT's and Austin's intertwined development than a set of essays that use history to (again, effectively) debunk influential development pieties. The organization of the book does not always present recurrent themes to best advantage; for example, a discussion of enduring at-large council elections (which diluted the power of students, minorities, and the poor) would have lent a useful structure to following chapters had it been presented in the introduction of the book rather than in chapter 6. While Tretter's writing is concise, the book is slim, offering a chronology of plans, ideas, and decisions without extensive engagement with the voices of either the elites driving policy changes or the disadvantaged affected by them. That said, historians writing studies of the knowledge-economy cities Austin exemplifies should find in this [End Page 752] book a number of provocative ideas to evaluate through future archival research. Michan Connor Dallas, Texas Copyright © 2017 The Southern Historical Association

University of Texas Roundtable on Recent Trends in U.S. Venture Capital

At a recent private equity conference hosted by the McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas in Austin, four venture capitalists representing the East and West Coasts provided testimony to the spread of the VC industry far beyond Silicon Valley to places like New York, London, and Berlin—as well as Austin itself. The result, in the words of one panelist, has been “a shift from Silicon Valley as the epicenter of so much innovation and growth to something more like a globally distributed network of capital, talent, and opportunity.”Along with this geographic expansion of the industry, perhaps the most notable change is the tendency of today's VCs to delay the IPOs of their portfolio companies and, by keeping them private longer, capture more of their growth in value. Whereas 20 years ago 90% or more of the value appreciation came after the IPO of a highly successful company (think about Micro‐Soft or Amazon.com), a much larger share of the overall value creation now appears to be taking place before the IPO, thanks to the growing use of a funding vehicle known as private initial public offerings, or PIPOs. The use of PIPOs has enabled VC‐backed companies to attract large amounts of capital from large institutional investors like Fidelity—which in the past would not have invested in the company until the IPO—while retaining what the panelists view as significant advantages of private ownership and governance.

Interview with Larry A. Hickman

Michela Bella & Matteo Santarelli – What was the state of Pragmatism studies when you first encountered pragmatism? Larry A. Hickman – After completing my undergraduate degree in psychology I decided that I wanted to study philosophy. In order to prepare for graduate school, I spent a year taking philosophy courses at the University of Texas in Austin. The faculty included Charles Hartshorne, who was co-editor of the Peirce Collected Papers. There was also David L. Miller and George Gentry, b...

Special topics in plasma confinement

These notes are based on lectures given by one of us (J.B.T.) at the University of Texas in Austin in 1991. Part I concerns some basic features of plasma confinement by magnetic fields as an introduction to an account of plasma relaxation in Part II. Part III discusses confinement by magnetic mirrors, especially minimum-$B$ systems. It also includes a general discussion of adiabatic invariants and of the principle of maximal ordering in perturbation theory. Part IV is devoted to the analysis of perturbations in toroidal plasmas and the stability of ballooning modes.

(Europe Section Heinz Gerischer Award) A Perspective of Photoelectrochemistry: Past Expectations and Present Realities

It was Heinz Gerischer who got me interested in and taught me semiconductor electrochemistry when he visited me just after the Oil Crisis of 1973. He, I and later many others dreamed of a world powered by semiconductor-liquid junction solar cells, hoping that that these would be simpler and cheaper than the silicon p-n junction solar cells that powered at the time communication satellites, remote terrestrial communication relays, wristwatches, calculators and other portable electronic devices. By 1981 research on the semiconductor -liquid junctions led to the uncovering of truths of nature and to 12 % solar conversion efficiencies, both to electrical power and in the generation of hydrogen. However, I did not see how efficient photo-electrochemical conversion could provide a technological edge over all-solid silicon and thin-film solar converters, because their packaging cost were lower and their stability was superior. After 34 years of fine research leading to solar conversion efficiency now at 20 %, packaging cost and stability still prevent photo-electrochemical solar converters from being preferred over all solid solar cells. In the absence of technologically relevant semiconductor-liquid junction based solar converters we joined Akira Fujishima and Kazuhito Hashimoto in their quest for technologically relevant photo-catalytic surfaces that clean themselves of accumulating organic grime by catalyzing its air oxidation. On the fundamental side, the truth that Heinz Gerischer and I uncovered during his repeated stays at the University of Texas in Austin has been that the rate of the n-TiO2 –photo-catalyzed O2 oxidation of organic matter was not controlled by the rate of photo-generation of holes, but by the rate of reduction of adsorbed O2 by trapped electrons. On the practical side, we developed photo-stable binders that allowed the incorporation of photo-catalytic n-TiO2 in coatings; and a method of producing self-cleaning window glass.

The (Mis)measure of a Man: Martin “Jack” J. Fouquette, Jr., 1930–2014

The (Mis)measure of a Man: Martin “Jack” J. Fouquette, Jr., 1930–2014

Dealloyed Pt-Ni Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Cathodes: Effects of Catalyst-Ionomer Ink Composition on Structure and Performance

There have been numerous studies on the effects of catalyst-ionomer ink composition and electrode fabrication on the performance of Pt/C-containing polymer electrolyte fuel cell cathodes.1-9 There have been relatively few studies, however, on relating the ink composition to its agglomerate structure10 and in relating the structure to the resulting electrode performance, in particular for the more recently-developed Pt alloy and dealloyed Pt alloy catalysts.11 There have also been few studies on the effects of ink composition and electrode preparation on the composition of the alloy nanoparticles. In this presentation we report on studies using anomalous small angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS), ultra-small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS),10 X-ray near-edge absorption spectroscopy (XANES), and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) to characterize catalyst-ionomer inks and the resulting electrodes as a function of ionomer to carbon ratio, solvent concentration and type, and catalyst type (Pt or PtNi alloy). It was found that Ni leaches from the PtNi alloy and the extent of leaching is dependent on both the ionomer to carbon ratio and solvent in the ink. We also correlate the properties determined using the X-ray techniques to the electrode performance in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. For example, Ni has been found to negatively impact the transport properties of the cathode catalyst layer.12 Acknowledgements This work is part of a collaborative project with Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells, United Technologies Research Center, the University of Texas-Austin, and Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Fuel Cell Technologies Office. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source (APS), a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The USAXS work was performed at APS Sector 15, ChemMatCARS, which is supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant number NSF/CHE-1346572. The XANES and ASAXS work were performed at APS Sector 12, BESSRC. References J. Xie, F. Xu, D.L. Wood, III, K.L. More, T.A. Zawodzinski, and W.H. Smith, Electrochim. Acta, 55, 7404 (2010).C.-M. Lai, J.-C. Lin, F.-P. Ting, S.-D. Chyou, and K.-L. Hsueh, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 33, 4132 (2008).D. Lee and S. Hwang, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 33, 2790 (2008).K. Bolwin, E. Gülzow, D. Bevers, and W. Schnurnberger, Solid State Ionics, 77, 324 (1995).P. Gode, F. Jaouen, G. Lindbergh, A. Lundblad, and G. Sundholm, Electrochim. Acta, 48, 4175 (2003).S.J. Lee, S. Mukerjee, Y.W. Rho, Y.T Kho, T.H. Lee, Electrochim. Acta, 43, 3693 (1998).E. Antolini, L. Giorgi, A. Pozio, and E. Passalacqua, J. Power Sources, 77(2), 136 (1999).G. Sasikumar, J.W. Ihm, H. Ryu, Electrochim. Acta, 50(2-3) 601 (2004).Y. Liu, M.W. Murphy, D.R. Baker, W. Gu, C. Ji, and J. Jorne, J. Electrochem. Soc., 156(8), B970 (2009).F. Xu, H.Y. Zhang, J. Ilavsky, L. Stanciu, D. Ho, M.J. Justice, H. I. Petrache, and J.A. Xie, Langmuir, 26(24), 19199 (2010).B. Han, C.E. Carlton, A. Kongkanand, R.S. Kukreja, B.R. Theobald, L. Gan, R. O'Malley, P. Strasser, F.T. Wagner, and Y. Shao-Horn, Energy Environ. Sci., DOI: 10.1039/c4ee02144d.J.V. Yang and M.Perry, “BOL Performance of Advanced Pt-Ni Alloy Catalyst in PEM Fuel Cells”, 226th Electrochemical Society Meeting, Cancun, Mexico, Oct. 29-Nov. 3, 2014.