University Of Texas At San Antonio Research Articles

Cultural Resources Survey of the City of Hutto Transmission and Distribution Pumping Stations Phase I Project, City of Hutto, Williamson County, Texas

This report documents the substantive findings and management recommendations of a cultural resource inventory conducted by Integrated Environmental Solutions, LLC (IES) for the City of Hutto (COH) Transmission and Distribution Pumping Stations Phase I Project in the City of Hutto, Williamson County, Texas. As the COH is a political subdivision of the State of Texas, the COH is required to comply with the Antiquities Code of Texas (ACT). The goal of the survey was to locate, identify, and assess any cultural resources, which include standing buildings/structures and archeological sites that could be adversely affected by the proposed development, and to evaluate such resources for their potential eligibility for listing as a State Antiquities Landmark (SAL) or eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The cultural resources inventory was conducted by Project Archeologist Anne Gibson and Archeological Field Technician Will Clow on 03 and 04 March 2020, under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 9196. The Area of Potential Effects (APE) encompasses approximately 6.63 acres (ac) and is comprised of three distinct APE areas. The Frame Switch Pumping Station (PS) is 1.2 ac in size and is located approximately 900 feet (ft) south of the intersection of Farm-to-Market Road (FM) 3349 and U.S. Highway (US) 79 midway between the City of Hutto and the City of Taylor. The Inline PS is 4.05 ac in size and is located southwest of the intersection of FM 112 and Williamson County Road (CR) 432. The Shiloh PS is 1.38 ac in size and is located approximately 1,700 ft southwest of the intersection of FM 481 and 482. During the survey, a newly-recorded, historic-period site (41WM1419) was documented within the APE. Based on the lack of association with historically-important individuals or events, absence of significant architectural features, the degree of prior disturbance, and lack of contextual integrity, site 41WM1419 is recommended as not eligible for listing in the NRHP or designation as SALs. In addition, four historic-age architectural resources were identified within the indirect APE during this survey. All records will be temporarily curated at the IES McKinney office and permanently curated at the Center for Archeological Research (CAR) at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA). No further work is warranted. However, if any cultural resources, other than those documented within this report, are unearthed during construction, the operators should stop construction activities, and immediately contact the project environmental representative to initiate coordination with the THC prior to resuming any construction activities.

Cultural Resources Survey of the DPS Outdoor Bomb and Gun Range Project, Dallas Fort Worth International Airport, Tarrant County, Texas

This report documents the substantive findings and management recommendations of a cultural resources survey conducted by Integrated Environmental Solutions, LLC (IES) for the DPS Outdoor Bomb and Gun Range project located within the Dallas Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) property in Tarrant County, Texas. The proposed project pertains to improvements of the current facility within approximately 71.8 acres located between Texas State Highway (SH) 360 and West Airfield Drive. Approval from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) will be required to modify the Airport Layout Plan (ALP) to reflect the permanent alterations on the DFW property. Since the ALP is considered a federal action, the project will require compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). Additionally, as the DFW is a political subdivision of the State of Texas, the project will be subjected to the provisions of the Antiquities Code of Texas (ACT). The goal of the survey was to locate, identify, and assess any cultural resources that could be adversely affected by the proposed development, and to evaluate such resources for their potential eligibility for listing as a State Antiquities Landmark (SAL) and eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The cultural resources inventory survey was conducted on 16 December 2019 and 08 January 2020 by Project Archeologists Anne Gibson and Thomas Chapman, and Staff Archeologist Josh McCormick. All work conformed to 13 Texas Administrative Code 26, which outlines the regulations for implementing the ACT, and was conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 9161. During the survey, one previously recorded historic-age archeological site (41TR87) was revisited within the APE. Based on the lack of association with historically important individuals or events, absence of significant architectural features, the degree of prior disturbance, and lack of contextual integrity, site 41TR87 is recommended to remain not eligible for listing in the NRHP or designation as a SAL. Although multi-component site 41TR18 was partially located within the APE, the site was not evaluated during the survey. However, the results from a previous IES investigation in 2015 indicate the site should remain ineligible for NRHP listing. Project records will be permanently curated at the Center for Archeological Research (CAR) at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA). It is the recommendation of IES that the DPS Outdoor Bomb and Gun Range Project be permitted to continue without the need for further cultural resources investigations. However, if any cultural resources, other than those discussed in this report, are encountered during construction, the operators should stop construction activities in the vicinity of the inadvertent discovery, and immediately contact the project cultural resources representative to initiate coordination with the Texas Historical Commission (THC) prior to resuming construction activities.

Validation of All-Sky Imager Technology and Solar Irradiance Forecasting at Three Locations: NREL, San Antonio, Texas, and the Canary Islands, Spain

Increasing photovoltaic (PV) generation in the world’s power grid necessitates accurate solar irradiance forecasts to ensure grid stability and reliability. The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) SkyImager was designed as a low cost, edge computing, all-sky imager that provides intra-hour irradiance forecasts. The SkyImager utilizes a single board computer and high-resolution camera with a fisheye lens housed in an all-weather enclosure. General Purpose IO pins allow external sensors to be connected, a unique aspect is the use of only open source software. Code for the SkyImager is written in Python and calls libraries such as OpenCV, Scikit-Learn, SQLite, and Mosquito. The SkyImager was first deployed in 2015 at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) as part of the DOE INTEGRATE project. This effort aggregated renewable resources and loads into microgrids which were then controlled by an Energy Management System using the OpenFMB Reference Architecture. In 2016 a second SkyImager was installed at the CPS Energy microgrid at Joint Base San Antonio. As part of a collaborative effort between CPS Energy, UT San Antonio, ENDESA, and Universidad de La Laguna, two SkyImagers have also been deployed in the Canary Islands that utilize stereoscopic images to determine cloud heights. Deployments at three geographically diverse locations not only provided large amounts of image data, but also operational experience under very different climatic conditions. This resulted in improvements/additions to the original design: weatherproofing techniques, environmental sensors, maintenance schedules, optimal deployment locations, OpenFMB protocols, and offloading data to the cloud. Originally, optical flow followed by ray-tracing was used to predict cumulus cloud shadows. The latter problem is ill-posed and was replaced by a machine learning strategy with impressive results. R2 values for the multi-layer perceptron of 0.95 for 5 moderately cloudy days and 1.00 for 5 clear sky days validate using images to determine irradiance. The SkyImager in a distributed environment with cloud-computing will be an integral part of the command and control for today’s SmartGrid and Internet of Things.

Assessing the performance of sand filter basins in treating urban stormwater runoff.

This study has assessed the efficiency of sand filter basins in treating urban stormwater runoff by analyzing available data in the literature, the International Stormwater BMP Database, and data collected in a sand filter basin located in the main campus of the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA). Ten storm events were monitored starting in March 2016 until February 2017. Total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, nitrate, ortho-phosphate, copper, zinc, lead, pH, and conductivity were measured in the inlet and the outlet of the basin. Statistical analysis, including linear regression modeling, scatter plotting, and non-parametric testing, using data from the literature and the International Stormwater BMP Database was performed. The sand filter basin removed, on average, 94% and 86% of TSS and VSS, respectively. Such high removal rates were not observed for other constituents, with exception of lead (79%) that already showed a low mean concentration in the inlet of the basin (41.47 ± 27.41μg/L). Nitrate and ortho-phosphate mean concentrations were not significantly different in the outlet than inlet. The basin effluent concentration of zinc was higher than acceptable stormwater benchmarks defined by EPA. The results indicated that the monitored sand filter basin met its primarily design criteria, which is TSS removal by at least 80% of mass. Better stormwater treatment practices, however, are needed to remove other pollutants more efficiently, in particular, because this area is located on top of the recharge zone of the Edwards Aquifer, a major source of water supply for the region.

An Evaluation of Satellite Estimates of Solar Surface Irradiance Using Ground Observations in San Antonio, Texas, USA

Estimates of solar irradiance at the earth’s surface from satellite observations are useful for planning both the deployment of distributed photovoltaic systems and their integration into electricity grids. In order to use surface solar irradiance from satellites for these purposes, validation of its accuracy against ground observations is needed. In this study, satellite estimates of surface solar irradiance from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) are compared with ground observations at two sites, namely the main campus of the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) and the Alamo Solar Farm of San Antonio (ASF). The comparisons are done mostly on an hourly timescale, under different cloud conditions classified by cloud types and cloud layers, and at different solar zenith angle intervals. It is found that satellite estimates and ground observations of surface solar irradiance are significantly correlated (p < 0.05) under all sky conditions (r: 0.80 and 0.87 on an hourly timescale and 0.94 and 0.91 on a daily timescale, respectively for the UTSA and ASF sites); on the hourly timescale, the correlations are 0.77 and 0.86 under clear-sky conditions, and 0.74 and 0.84 under cloudy conditions, respectively for the UTSA and ASF sites, and mostly >0.60 under different cloud types and layers for both sites. The correlations under cloudy-sky conditions are mostly stronger than those under clear-sky conditions at different solar zenith angles. The correlation coefficients are mostly the smallest with solar zenith angle in the range of 75–90° under all sky, clear-sky and cloudy-sky conditions. At the ASF site, the overall bias of GOES surface solar irradiance is small (+1.77 Wm−2) under all sky while relatively larger under clear-sky (−22.29 Wm−2) and cloudy-sky (+40.31 Wm−2) conditions. The overall good agreement of the satellite estimates with the ground observations underscores the usefulness of the GOES surface solar irradiance estimates for solar energy studies in the San Antonio area.

Efficacy of Establishing a Speaking Center at UTSA: a Feasibility Study

This research project investigates the feasibility of establishing a speaking center at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA). The purpose of the study is to determine if there is a need on campus to provide this resource for students. The basic method of research involves campus-wide student surveys in addition to open-ended questionnaires for faculty and staff. Results suggest general and widespread support from students, faculty and staff for the establishment of a speaking center to serve as a resource for training in public speaking. The conclusions of this study offer recommendations to the administration of the university regarding the establishment of such a resource.

Architectural design studio on sustainable tourism alternatives in the San Antonio Missions Historic District

Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. San Antonio is one of the Texas’ top tourist cities and a major tourism destination nationally. The city has a rich and unique historic urban landscape characterized by its river with its famous “Riverwalk,” historic neighborhoods, and major landmarks such as San Antonio Franciscan Missions which are on the U.S. “tentative list” as possible UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Local government has completed a multiyear project to restore and enhance 13 miles of the San Antonio River both north and south of downtown. It is expected that the river improvement project will reinforce the connection to the San Antonio Missions and encourage visitors to circulate along the river beyond the downtown area. Master of Architecture students of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) explored the sustainable tourism alternatives in the Mission Historic District in the spring semesters of 2012 and 2013. The Advanced Design Studio (ARC 6136) focused on research-based exploration and application of advanced design theory relative to alternative tourism. This course discussed the relationships between the design of architecture, tourist city, and the alternative practices of tourism. Students investigated the tourism potentials in the District such as sustainable tourism, rural tourism, recreational tourism, cultural heritage tourism, and culinary tourism, and develop master plans for the selected sites. Students were expected to plan, program, and design the proposed tourism activities and tourist spaces on both urban and building scales. This paper focuses specifically on culinary tourism, cultural heritage tourism, and rural tourism, and discusses how to enhance the attractiveness of the destination for visitors and residents; expand the tourism activities offered; and provide maximum efficiency in the economical, historical, social, and cultural dimensions of tourism through sustainable development practices and proposed design projects.

A Tale of Two Blogs: Lessons Learned Establishing The Top Shelf and La Cocina Histórica at the University of Texas at San Antonio

When establishing a blog, Special Collections departments face a variety of decisions that will affect the future shape of the blog and its readership. The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) Libraries Special Collections is in the unusual position of publishing two blogs with distinct audiences and content: a general department blog, The Top Shelf, and a collection-specific blog, La Cocina Histórica. This article examines various strategies employed by both of these blogs in the areas of content, targeted audience, management and authorship responsibility, media exposure, and platform-choice and how those strategies affect blog readership.

Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation Following Inhalation of Nicotine via Electronic Cigarettes

Background The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is growing rapidly but the physiologic effects of vaporized nicotine are relatively unknown. We hypothesized that acute inhalation of vaporized nicotine via e-cigarettes would impair regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in response to variations in arterial pressure (cerebral autoregulation, CA). Methods: 13 subjects (6 F; 7 M) inhaled vapor from an 18 mg nicotine (nicotine) or a 0 mg nicotine (placebo) e-cigarette on separate days (randomized). Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv), and cerebral oxygen saturation (SCO2) were measured non-invasively. Oscillatory lower body negative pressure (OLBNP) between 0 and -60 mmHg was applied for 20 cycles at 0.05 Hz and 0.10 Hz. Results: Between placebo and nicotine conditions, baseline MAP, MCAv, SCO2, and HR were similar (P蠅0.21). MAP and ScO2 very low frequency (VLF; 0.04-0.07 Hz) power with 0.05 Hz OLBNP, and low frequency (LF; 0.07-0.2 Hz) power with 0.1 Hz OLBNP were higher under the placebo condition (P蠄0.03-0.06). Cross-spectral analysis in the LF (with 0.1 Hz OLBNP) and VLF (with 0.05 Hz OLBNP) revealed that gain between MAP-MCAv was similar between conditions (P蠅0.128). MCAv-ScO2 and MAP-ScO2 coherences were <0.5 under all conditions, so gain values are not reported. Conclusion These data suggest that nicotine, when acutely inhaled via e-cigarettes, does not impair the cerebral pressure-flow relationship. Funding: University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) Collaborative Seed Grant.

Negotiating Access and Tier One Aspirations

This study evaluates the recent move toward Tier One by the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) in light of its historical commitment to serve the largely Hispanic population of South Texas. Among the largest Hispanic-serving universities, UTSA provides a useful case study of this type of institution both historically and at the organizational level. This study contributes to how researchers and practitioners think about Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs) and how they balance access and excellence.

A ROUNDUP OF NEWS AND INFORMATION FROM OUR COMMUNIT

A ROUNDUP OF NEWS AND INFORMATION FROM OUR COMMUNIT

Archeological Testing and Data Recovery at the Flatrock Road Site, 41KM69, Kimble County, Texas

The Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted archeological significance testing and data recovery excavations at 41KM69, the Flatrock Road Site, at the request of the Texas Department of Transportation, Environmental Affairs Division (TxDOT-ENV). The significance testing was begun in 2004 under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 3350 to determine National Register of Historic Places eligibility status of the site and continued to the data recovery phase in 2005 under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 3584 with Raymond Mauldin serving as Principal Investigator on both permits. Work was begun in anticipation of alterations to Flatrock Road/FM 2169 that intersects the site because TxDOT and the Texas Historical Commission concurred with CAR’s assessment that the site was eligible for listing on the NRHP and because TxDOT could not avoid impacts to intact deposits.

Archeological Testing and Data Recovery at 41ZV202, Zavala County, Texas

At the request of the Texas Department of Transportation, Environmental Affairs Division (TxDOT-ENV), the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted archeological significance testing at 41ZV202, a prehistoric site located in northwestern Zavala County, in March of 2003. The work, conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 3071 issued to Dr. Steven A. Tomka, was done in anticipation of the potential widening by TxDOT of FM 481. While materials dating to the Archaic were also present, the testing demonstrated the presence of significant Late Prehistoric (Austin Interval) deposits with good integrity within a portion of the TxDOT right-of-way (ROW). As TxDOT construction could not avoid these deposits, and as both the Texas Historical Commission (THC) and TxDOT concurred with CAR’s recommendations that the deposits were eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) under criterion d of 36CFR 60.4, data recovery investigations were initiated. CAR began that work in July and August of 2003. The testing permit was amended to include the data recovery efforts. Dr. Russell Greaves served as project archeologist for both the testing and data recovery effort at 41ZV202.

An Intensive Pedestrian Archaeological Survey of a 117-acre Park in Kendall County, Texas

During February 2010, The Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted an intensive pedestrian archaeological survey of the Kendall County Park project located near Boerne, Texas to fulfill contract requirements with the Commissioner’s Court of Kendall County. The survey was conducted under the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 and the Texas Antiquities Code. The survey was performed under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 5540, with Dr. Raymond Mauldin, CAR Assistant Director, serving as Principal Investigator and Cynthia Moore Munoz serving as the Project Archaeologist. The work was conducted in advance of proposed improvements to the property.

Archaeological Investigations in the Courtyard of Mission Nuestra Señora de la Purisima Concepción Acuña (41BX12)

Archaeological investigations took place in the courtyard of Mission Concepción between 2002 and 2005 in order to identify remnant architectural remains of Spanish Colonial structures prior to the installation of a drainage system. Archaeological investigations were performed under the auspices of two field schools held by the Department of Anthropology’s Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA). The Center’s Legacy Public Outreach Program also held a field school as part of these investigations. Archival documents indicate that the granary and another structure, possibly the community storeroom or corridor, occupied the courtyard. Investigations in the courtyard uncovered several foundations or architectural alignments that may represent remnants of these structures. Excavations within the said granary area revealed disturbances derived from utilities installations and the construction of a restroom facility during the 1940s. A trash pit containing artifacts dating to the late 1800s early 1900s was uncovered near the northwest corner inside the granary foundations. Test units excavated between the granary and convento situated west of the granary identified three features. East of the granary, high densities of Spanish Colonial ceramics and a plastered surface were exposed. The archaeological investigations were conducted under the Texas Antiquities Permit 2820 with Dr. Steve A. Tomka serving as Principal Investigator.

Archaeological Investigations of the City of San Antonio Nursery and San Antonio Zoo Eagle Railroad Tract Realignment Project, Bexar County, Texas

The Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted mechanical augering on land that was used for the former City of San Antonio Nursery and Parks and Maintenance Facility. Furthermore, a surface inspection of the San Antonio Zoo Eagle mini-track proposed re-alignment was also conducted. During investigations prehistoric site 41BX1773 was recorded in the northern section of the APE. Only one piece of fire-cracked rock and a railroad spike were collected during the surface inspection along the proposed San Antonio Zoo Eagle re-alignment. Archaeological investigations were conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 4647. CAR recommends that impacts to site 41BX1773 should be avoided and the re-alignment of the San Antonio Zoo Eagle train track may proceed as planned. All materials recovered during the investigations and all project related documents are curated at the Center for Archaeological Research.

Your place or mine? Face‐to‐face reference services across campus

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a case study which describes reference and instruction outreach programs promoted by the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) Library. Direct‐2‐U Reference, Crash Courses, and Drop‐In Tours reached out to students in innovative ways to encourage non‐library users to see what they were missing and to give current library users even more choices. Direct‐2‐U Reference provided opportunities for students to get research help on their own turf. Librarians offered assistance at several locations across campus, combining the benefits of face‐to‐face reference with the convenience of getting help without going to the physical library. Library Crash Courses promoted subject‐specific assistance without the formality of in‐class instruction. Drop‐In Tours allowed curious students to figure out the layout of the library and get answers to their questions.Design/methodology/approachThis case study describes researching alternative services, and includes practical information on how services were implemented. Information is presented about ongoing evaluation of the outreach programs that improved the direction, marketing, and overall success of the programs.FindingsThe outreach programs promoted by the library reached additional users, provided more options for patrons, and improved the visibility of the library campus‐wide.Originality/valueThis case study will be of interest to other academic librarians wanting to provide library services outside the library. It builds on the existing literature regarding library outreach services.

In Search of the Meritocracy

Academia is my second career, and my path to that career was unusual. Oklahoma schools had little to offer, and I had given up on education in the ninth grade because it had long since given up on me. The Vietnam War bought me a position in the Air Force that improved my self-image, and the gi Bill bought me an education. I came out of the University of Texas at Austin, having graduated magna cum laude, convinced that my educational failures were the fault of a system that expected nothing of Indian children. I was trained to be a high school teacher, and that was my plan. It had not occurred to me that no school system would hire somebody who was so plainly convinced that the public schools were squandering the talent of minority kids. Having no teaching offers, I proceeded to law school, where my heroes were Thurgood Marshall and William O. Douglas. By that time I had changed my name to Steve Russell, a surname I chose to match the grandparents who raised me. I knew no Indian lawyers in spite of the fact that my original namesake, Stephen Teehee, served as a judge and in other capacities in Cherokee government and that I had grown up with stories of Houston B. Teehee, another famous Cherokee lawyer. If I could not be a teacher, I would be a civil rights lawyer, even though I knew of no Indian civil rights lawyers and the top ten law school I attended offered no course in Indian law. While in law school I did an internship with the United Farm Workers of America, AFL-CIO, and discovered that south Texas was full of Indians who did not identify themselves as Indian. The typical career path of a civil rights lawyer, I learned, started on a volunteer basis, and my GI Bill funds had run dry. I decided the second-best job in the legal profession [End Page 400] was judge. After losing my first election before the ink on my law license had dried, I practiced law for a couple of years and won some cases that brought more notoriety than money. What followed was seventeen years wearing a black robe, three appointments, and three elections engineered by a coalition of Chicanos, African Americans, feminists, and liberals. There were no visible Indians on the political landscape. While serving as a judge I had picked up an advanced law degree but I had never given up on some day becoming a teacher. I knew high school was a lost cause, but I still thought I could do some good with undergraduates. I had no interest in teaching law school unless there was a law school that existed to equip the powerless to take on the powerful. When asked about teaching law, my standard reply was that it would be "too much like giving hand grenades to babies." The time finally arrived when my kids were out of school and I no longer needed money. Getting paid to teach and write was a lifelong dream for which I was willing to take the two-thirds pay cut. Because I intended to write on Indian issues it seemed honest to put my Cherokee nation registry number right there on my academic vita. It would notify white people of my tribal identity and, when combined with my birthplace, tell Indian people (should there be any) that I was not an "instant Indian" seeking special favors. The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) was a school with a mission, and it was a mission I shared: to bring affordable, quality, public higher education to south Texas. In my "work talk" I drew on my experience working for the United Farm Workers of America. Mexican Americans are Indian by blood, and my political ties to that community run deep. Of the three possibilities that opened up for me, there was no question that this university was the place...

Yueh-Gin Gung and Dr. Charles Y. Hu Award to Manuel P. Berriozábal for Distinguished Service to Mathematics

Manuel Berriozd_bal is a mathematician, a college professor, and a visionary with the unusual talent to turn his visions into reality. best example-and the one for which he has become most widely known-is the incredibly successful Prefreshman Engineering Program (PREP). He formed PREP at University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) in 1979 in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy and several colleges and universities out of his concern about the low number of minority students who successfully completed college studies in science and engineering. PREP is a mathematics-based academic enrichment program. Its focus is on the development of abstract reasoning and problem solving skills. Participants study mathematical logic and its applications, algebraic structures, probability and statistics, technical writing, some topics in engineering, physics, and computer science. They also learn about careers in science and engineering. When San Antonio PREP first started twenty-two years ago at UTSA, the conventional wisdom was that the program was doomed to failure because middle school and high school students would never want to spend eight weeks during the summer on a college campus studying mathematics and its applications. Furthermore, it was believed that minority students would not succeed in this structured and disciplined environment. Indeed in 1979, a San Antonio magazine published a feature article on UTSA that reflected the low expectations of Texas minority students. In this article an anonymous member of the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board expressed opposition to approving an engineering program at UTSA with the words, The Mexican American community is not where engineers come from anyway.~ Twenty-two years of operation have belied these low expectations. Since 1979, this program has been replicated as the Texas Prefreshman Engineering Program (TexPREP) in 15 Texas cities on 25 community and senior college campuses and Feb~~~~~~~~~!: :.:.:::: :irur 201 97_

Archaeological Investigations at a Spanish Colonial Site, (41KA26-B) Karnes County, Texas

In July, 1998, the Center for Archaeology Research (CAR) at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) was awarded a contract by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) for artifact analysis and report composition on archaeological investigations at a Spanish Colonial period site in Karnes County in south Texas. The data for this analysis and interpretation was recovered during 1985 TxDOT excavations at site 41KA26.