University Of Setif Research Articles

The Effect of Cereal-legume Intercropping Systems on the Cereal Grain Yield under Semi-arid Conditions

Background: The aim of this study is to ascertain the response of dual exploitation of intercrops systems their ability to produce forage and grain. Thus the efficiency of the cereal-legume intercropping on the qualitative and quantitative improvement yield of cereals. Methods: The experiment was conducted at the Setif University Experimental Farm during the years of 2019-20. The experiment was laid out in completely randomize block (CRB) design with three replications. Three cereals namely triticale, oats and barley in association with forage pea and other mixtures with (Vesce commune) were studied. The measure focused on accumulation of dry matter accumulation (DMA), plant height, flag leaf length (FLL), grain yield (GY) and thousand kernels weight (TKW). Result: The results indicate that capacity of intercropping system systems to produce more dry matter than their mono cropping systems, as well as the intercropping systems significantly improved the qualitative and quantitative yield of cereals in all the tested intercropping systems. A positive significant correlation between SH and FLL r = 0.78 in the peas/oats intercrop. Thus use like this positive significant correlation between DMP GY r = 0.94, while the tritical / pea and barley / pea intercropping are characterized by the best DMP, GY and TKW among different tested cropping systems.

Analysis of the Early Repolarization in Competitive Athletes: Comparison Between the Notch and The Slur

Early repolarization is currently defined by the presence of notch or slur, at the end of QRS complex, greater ≥ than 0.1 mV in two contiguous leads, and the ST-segment elevation is not necessary for diagnosis. Several studies have confirmed that early repolarization on the electrocardiogram has been associated with an increased risk of sudden arrhythmic death either in the general population or in athletes. However, no study has evaluated the prevalence of this anomaly, using the current definition of early repolarization, in the population of Algerian or North African athletes, no study analyzed notches and slurs separately, and no study compared them. The main objective of our study is to determine the prevalence of ER in an Algerian population of competitive athletes. The secondary objective was to compare the end-QRS Notching and Slurring, and to determine the influence on this prevalence of certain clinical and electrocardiographic parameters, to establish an epidemiological profile of this anomaly. Methods: In our study, we used the current definition of early repolarization. The study population is represented by 621 athletes participating in the various sports competitions organized in the region of Sétif, having undergone a cardiological examination, at the level of the cardiology service of Setif university hospital center, as part of the establishment of a medical certificate of no contraindication to the practice of the sport. Athletes also benefited from a clinical examination (weight, height, cardiac auscultation, functional signs (angina, palpitation, loss of awareness and dyspnea), palpation of the pulse, and measurement of the blood pressure). The electrocardiograms were collected at rest and away from any sporting activity. And in addition to the analysis of ER (prevalence, notch, slur, amplitude, and topography), criteria for ventricular hypertrophy (Sokolow-Lyon index and Cornell index), heart rate, and right bundle branch block were sought and analyzed. Results: The ECG was normal in 29.3% of the athletes, while the majority of athletes (66.3%) had adaptative electrocardiographic abnormalities to regular physical training (minimum of 4 h per week) and competition, 4.3% of athletes had abnormal electrocardiographic patterns suggesting underlying heart disease. The prevalence of ER in our athletes according to the new diagnostic criteria is 26.1%, with a clear male predominance. This prevalence increases with age, peaking in the third decade and then declines. The prevalence of ER is higher in bradycardic athletes and those with a Sokolow-Lyon index greater than 35 mm; for the Cornell index, no relationship was found. Moreover, ER is significantly lower in athletes with incomplete right Branch Block. In our series, ER is predominant in the inferior leads (40.7%) than lateral ones (34.6%), and the double location is found in 24.7%. This distribution of topographies is not influenced by age and gender. 31.8% of ER has an amplitude ≥ of 2 mm. 30.9% of ER is associated with ST-segment elevation. Notch is the predominant pattern whatever the topography of ER is (notch, 57.4%; slur, 18.5%; notch+slur, 24.1%); notch predominates in lateral leads (52.3%) while slur is predominant in inferior leads (68.0%).1%); only the notch has a significant relationship with male sex (23.8% vs 5.7%, p<0.001) with bradycardia (41.4% vs 16%, P<0.001) and with physical training. The prevalence of notches and slurs is significantly higher in athletes with a Sokolow-Lyon index greater than 35 mm. Conclusion: The pattern of ER is frequent in athletes; its prevalence is influenced by age, sex, heart rate, left ventricular hypertrophy, and incomplete right bundle branch block, type of sport, and intensity of the dynamic and static component of sports activity. The inferior topography (considered as a criterion of the high risk of ER) is found the most in our athletes; the notch is the most frequent pattern. It has been found that the two patterns "notch" and "slur", which are the basis of the definition of ER, are not influenced in the same way by the other clinical and electrocardiographic parameters.

Celiac Disease: Practical Knowledge of Young Doctors at Setif University Hospital, Algeria

The concept of celiac disease (CD) has greatly evolved during the last decades; ranging from the classical digestive form to the peculiar monosymptomatic and silent forms. Thus, in order to assess the knowledge of interns and residents in pediatrics about CD, a local survey was conducted through a 14-item questionnaire. This work provided a local glimpse of young doctors' awareness about CD. The level of knowledge was globally correct, but vigorous efforts are needed; notably regarding the use of celiac serology and the introduction of the gluten-free diet.

Performance Evaluation for Faculty Members at SETIF University (02) According to the Quality Assurance Standards from Their Point of View

This study discusses the evaluation of the professor’s performance in the field of teaching, scientific research, and community service depending on the quality assurance standards from their point of view. The purpose is also to show the indication of differences in the level of performance according to the variables of sex, academic level, and the faculty where they work. For this study, the descriptive method is used. The sample study contains (185) faculty members in the University of SETIF (02) for the school year (2019/2020), where a questionnaire is designed and is formed of (45) points divided into three units: (teaching, scientific research, and community service). The «Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences» (SPSS) is used for data processing. The findings show that the level of performance for the faculty members in the fields of teaching, sci-research, and community service depending on the quality assurance standards is normal/medium. The study also shows that there are no significant differences in the level of teacher's performance in the (3) previous domains due to the variable of sex and faculty of specialization. Whereas there are statistically significant differences due to the variable of the academic level in the domain of scientific research for university teachers. Keywords: Evaluation, Performance, University Professor, Quality Assurance, Standards.

Are the plants used in Algerian traditional medicine effective? : Assessment of the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of three plants used in Algerian traditional medicine; Olea europaea, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Ocimum basilicum

Background: Algeria has a very large vegetation biodiversity. Algerians use herbs in phytotherapy because of their easy, safe and inexpensive use. However, the consumption of these plants remains uncontrolled or regulated by the authorities, which lacks reassurances concerning their use. Objective: The purpose of this work is to confirm or refute the empirical use of the plants as well as to start adjusting the dosages for each therapeutic purpose. Methods: The present experimentation was done during the year 2017 (April-June) at the laboratory for the valorization of natural biological substances at the University of Setif 1. The in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of Olive and basil leaves and Licorice root aqueous extracts were evaluated against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 by the disc diffusion assay. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was realized by the estimation of the protein denaturation of the BSA and the anti-oxidative test was done by the DPPH method. All experiments were done in triplicate and results and were reported as mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by GraphPad prism 5 software; the statistical analysis was done by the one way ANOVA. Results: Olive leaf extract (OLE) and Licorice root extract (LRE) were active on both E. coli (13.5, 10mm) and S. aureus (14, 12mm) at 200 mg/ml. While the Basil leaf extract (BLE) was inactive against all strains. The percentage of BSA denaturation was concentration-dependent by both BLE and LRE and the maximum inhibition was recorded by the OLE at 250 μg/ml, it was slightly different from BLE at P≤0.05, but not significantly different from LRE. The three extracts showed good values of IC50 with 0.65, 4.98 and 0.91 mg/ml OLE, LRE and BLE respectively, but they were inferior to that of BHT. Conclusion: These results confirm the use of these plants but under control.

An automatic irrigation system for water optimization in the Algerian agricultural sector

Abstract. Algeria is a vast country with three climatic types and different water resources. These resources are limited especially in the climatic zone two where most staple crops (e.g. wheat) are cultivated. To manage these water resources efficiently, traditional irrigation systems should be replaced by those based on advanced technological techniques. This paper introduces an irrigation system prototype constructed at the department of Electrical Engineering, University of Setif in Algeria. This prototype allows the control of the amount of water dispensed to the plant according to its soil moisture. The circuit was built around an Arduino microcontroller. A program was developed and burned into the microcontroller which was able to sense the amount of the moisture in the plant soil through a moisture sensor. According to this moisture quantity, the microcontroller is to take decision to on or off a small pump for an optimum time and flow speed. The pump was driven by a direct current motor which was controlled by a pulse width modulation dc chopper. The system is enhanced by a liquid crystal display to inform the operator about the moisture percentage, status of the pump and its speed.

Discovering communities for web usage mining systems

Discovering the community structure in the context of web usage mining has been addressed in many different ways. In this paper, we present a new method for detecting communities using Markov chains based on the set of frequent motifs. The basic idea is to analyse the occurrence probability of different frequent sequences during different user sessions in order to extract the communities that describe the users' behaviour. The proposed method is successfully applied on the website of Setif University.

Discovering Communities for Web Usage Mining Systems

Discovering the community structure in the context of web usage mining has been addressed in many different ways. In this paper, we present a new method for detecting communities using Markov chains based on the set of frequent motifs. The basic idea is to analyse the occurrence probability of different frequent sequences during different user sessions in order to extract the communities that describe the users' behaviour. The proposed method is successfully applied on the website of Setif University.

مدى توافر معايير جودة خدمة الموقع الالكتروني للجامعة ودورها في تحقيق رضى الطالب دراسة حالة للموقع الالكتروني لكلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير بجامعة سطيف 1 – الجزائر

مدى توافر معايير جودة خدمة الموقع الالكتروني للجامعة ودورها في تحقيق رضى الطالب دراسة حالة للموقع الالكتروني لكلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير بجامعة سطيف 1 – الجزائر

Intelligent Analysis of Some Factors Characterizing Patients Operated For Varicose Veins at Setif University Hospital -Algeria

Intelligent Analysis of Some Factors Characterizing Patients Operated For Varicose Veins at Setif University Hospital -Algeria

Hemodialysis catheter-related infection: rates, risk factors and pathogens.

The main complication of central venous catheter (CVC) in hemodialysis is infection. Identifying CVC related infection (CVC-RI) risk factors and causative micro-organisms is important for setting prevention policies. There were no data regarding CVC-RI in hemodialysis in Algeria. To determine rates of CVC-RI in hemodialysis in Setif university hospital, risk factors and causative microorganisms, we conducted a prospective study from November 2014 to May 2015 involving patients with CVC in hemodialysis. Micro-organisms isolated from semi quantitative culture of CVC and blood culture were identified and tested for antibiotic susceptibility using the automated MicroScan system (DADE Behring, Sacramento, CA, USA). Chi-square test was performed to compare demographic and clinical variables (age, sex, comorbidities, duration of CVC, insertion site) in the groups of patients with and without CVC-RI. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. All analyses were performed using SPSS V17 for Windows statistical package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). 94 patients and 152 CVC procedures were analyzed. 34 CVC-RI were documented with an incidence of 16.6 per 1000 CVC-days. Incidence of CVC related bloodstream infection (CVC-RBI) was 10.8 per 1000 CVC-days. Independent risk factors associated with CVC-RI were diabetes (P=0.01) and duration of catheterization (P= 0.01). Causative micro-organisms were: Klebsiella pneumoniae 26.5%, coagulase-negative staphylococci 23.5% and Staphylococcus aureus 23.5%. Micro-organisms were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Mortality was statistically associated to inadequate antibiotic therapy. The duration of CVC should be reduced by creation of fistulas. More compliance to hygiene measure is needed for decreasing CVC-RI and resistance rate.

A Proposed Training Program for The Instructors in Light of Their Training Needs and Standards of Performance Learning Quality in Higher Education At The University of Setif 1-2 Algeria

Abstract: This study aimed to formulate a training program for instructors in light of standards total quality in higher education. To achieve this goal, the researcher has followed several steps: first preparing a list of quality standards for teachers performance, then specifying another one for training needs whereby these standards, finally formulating training program. To acquire this purpose she adopted descriptive method and used a set of tools, One of the most important was building scale of six area as teachers standards quality as follow: standard of effective teaching strategies, evaluation , using pedagogical and technological means, effective communication with students, research scientific activities , management and leadership practices. The scale consisted of two parts. The first one particularly of personal data , the second belong to the above area to know the degree of the training requirement of them. After making sure of its validity and reliability, it was submitted to the jury and calculated the coefficient alpha Cronbach those reached (0.80) and (0.97). The researcher applied the scale on a random sample of teachers which amounted of (150) ones of the three departments (legal sciences, economic and science management, literature and Social Sciences) at the University of Sétif 1-2. To trait the data and analyze the responses sample study the researcher used the statistical program (spss) and calculated the frequencies, percentages, means, middle and standard deviation. Through statistical analysis results of the study we found that: there were needs training for teachers in all fields according to quality standards ,After that arranging them like this :1-the area of scientific research activities of 9 needs / 2 - effective teaching with 8 needs / 3 - / communication with 8 needs / 4 - the use of TIQ 9-needs / 5 - the administrative and leadership practices by 16 needs / 6 – evaluation by 6 needs. than removing those did not represent a need.So, the researcher proposed a model for training program by its objectives, elements, time and events requirements. At the end this study set a list of proposals and recommendations including the need of Appling T.P by concerned authorities to ensure its effectiveness. In addition to that established centers for the development and training teachers according to the quality in higher education.

برنامج تدريبي مقترح لأعضاء هيئة التدريس الجامعي في ضوء احتياجاتهم التدريبية ومعايير جودة الاداء التدريسي بجامعة سطيف الجزائ

Abstract: This study aimed to formulate a training program for instructors in light of standards total quality in higher education. To achieve this goal, the researcher has followed several steps: first preparing a list of quality standards for teachers performance, then specifying another one for training needs whereby these standards, finally formulating training program. To acquire this purpose she adopted descriptive method and used a set of tools, One of the most important was building scale of six area as teachers standards quality as follow: standard of effective teaching strategies, evaluation , using pedagogical and technological means, effective communication with students, research scientific activities , management and leadership practices. The scale consisted of two parts. The first one particularly of personal data , the second belong to the above area to know the degree of the training requirement of them. After making sure of its validity and reliability, it was submitted to the jury and calculated the coefficient alpha Cronbach those reached (0.80) and (0.97). The researcher applied the scale on a random sample of teachers which amounted of (150) ones of the three departments (legal sciences, economic and science management, literature and Social Sciences) at the University of Setif 1-2. To trait the data and analyze the responses sample study the researcher used the statistical program (spss) and calculated the frequencies, percentages, means, middle and standard deviation. Through statistical analysis results of the study we found that: there were needs training for teachers in all fields according to quality standards ,After that arranging them like this :1-the area of scientific research activities of 9 needs / 2 - effective teaching with 8 needs / 3 - / communication with 8 needs / 4 - the use of TIQ 9-needs / 5 - the administrative and leadership practices by 16 needs / 6 – evaluation by 6 needs. than removing those did not represent a need. So, the researcher proposed a model for training program by its objectives, elements, time and events requirements. At the end this study set a list of proposals and recommendations including the need of Appling T.P by concerned authorities to ensure its effectiveness. In addition to that established centers for the development and training teachers according to the quality in higher education.

Secondary metabolites of an Algerian Phlomis bovei and their antioxidant activities

The plants of the genus Phlomis are native to Turkey, North Africa, Europe, and Asia. Phlomis bovei De Noe, syn. Phlomis samia Desfontaines (Lamiaceae), is a rare Algerian endemic plant, commonly known as Kayat El Adjarah [1] in the Algerian dialect or variously named Farseouan, Tarseouan, Iniji, R ilef, and Azaref throughout the North of Africa [2]. It is one among the nine endemic plants recorded in the Rapport National sur la Diversite Biologique [1]. P. bovei is a herbaceous perennial plant, which grows up to 0.8 m and often develops a stout woody base. Phlomis bovei was collected from the east of Algeria in june 2006 and was taxonomically identified by Dr. Hocine Laouer from the Department of Biology, University of Setif. About 465 g of the air powdered leaves were extracted with n-hexane, CH2Cl2, and MeOH in succession at room temperature. The MeOH extract was fractionated over silica gel–VLC eluting with CH2Cl2 followed by increasing concentrations of MeOH. Fractions 3 and 4 (41 g), eluted with CH2Cl2–MeOH 50:50–25:75), were combined and further applied to column chromatography over silica gel using CH2Cl2–EtOAc and EtOAc–MeOH. Fraction L (1.73 g), eluted with 95:5 EtOAc–MeOH, was subjected to RP18 MPLC with H2O–MeOH. Purification of fraction L6 (18 mg) by Sephadex LH20 (MeOH) allowed the isolation of compound 1. Purification of fraction L17 (112 mg) by SPE RP18 MeOH–H2O and TLC on silica gel (9–1) CH2Cl2–MeOH afforded compound 2. Fraction L22 (62 mg) was subjected to SiO2 TLC using (EtOAc– MeOH–H2O 100:10:5), yielding 3 (9 mg). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by UV, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR, and all these data were in good agreement with the respective literature data [3–8]. Compound 1, C15H10O5, mp 347 C, UV (MeOH, max, nm): 266, 330; +NaOH: 275, 324, 390; +AlCl3: 277, 301, 341, 387; +AlCl3/HCl: 277, 301, 341, 387; +NaOAc: 278, 300, 380; +NaOAc/H3BO3: 273, 279, 350. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD, , ppm, J/Hz): 7.78 (2H, d, J = 8.9, H-2 , H-6 ), 6.90 (2H, d, J = 8.9, H-3 , H-5 ), 6.51 (1H, s, H-3), 6.42 (1H, d, J = 2.1, H-8), 6.22 (1H, d, J = 2.1, H-6). This compound was characterized as 5,7,4 -trihydroxyflavone (apigenin) [6]. Compound 2, C21H20O10, mp 226–228 C, MS–ES positive 433, UV (MeOH, max, nm): 269, 334; + NaOH: 267, 381; + AlCl3: 277, 349 sh, 383; + AlCl3/HCl: 279, 346 sh, 382. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD, , ppm, J/Hz): 7.91 (2H, d, J = 8.8, H-2 , H-6 ); 6.95 (2H, d, J = 8.8, H-3 , H-5 ); 6.83 (1H, d, J = 2.5, H-8); 6.51 (1H, s, H-3), 6.54 (1H, d, J = 2.55, H-6); 5.20 (1H, d, J = 7.5, H-1 Glu); 3.05–3.90 (sugar protons). Identified as apigenin 7-O-glucoside or apigetrin [7]. Acid hydrolysis of 2 produced apigenin and D-glucose. Compound 3, C10H10O2, mp 110 C, 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD, , ppm, J/Hz): 7.66 (2H, d, J = 8.85, H-2 , H-6 ); 6.73 (2H, d, J = 7.56, H-3 , H-5 ); 6.85 (1H, d, J = 12.6, H-4); 5.72 (1H, d, J = 12.6, H-3), 13C NMR (CD3OD, 75 MHz): 112.6 (C-3), 116.7 (C-3 ,5 ), 126.6 (C-1 ), 133.9 (C-2 ,6 ), 145.6 (C-4), 170 (C-2). Identified as 4-(4 -hydroxyphenyl)-trans-but-3en-2-one [8].

Flavonoid glucosides from Centaurea sphaerocephala

-butanol soluble part of the aqueous-methanol extract of its aerial parts, whichwere collected during the flowering phase in May 2003 from EL Kala (East of Algeria) and authenticated by Prof. M. Kaabeche(Biology Department, University of Setif, Algeria) on the basis of Quezel and Santa [6]. A voucher specimen (CCS13/05/03)has been deposited in the Herbarium of the Biology Department of Mentouri University of Constantine. Leaves and flowers of

Ribosomal protein S19 - 631 insertion is an African-originated mutation.

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. RPS19 gene encodes a ribosomal protein (RP) that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S19E family of RPs. It is located in the cytoplasm. Mutations in this gene cause DiamondBlackfan anemia (DBA), a constitutional erythroblastopenia characterized by absent or decreased erythroid precursors in 25% of the patients. This suggests a possible extra-ribosomal function for this gene in erythropoietic differentiation and proliferation, in addition to its ribosomal function [1,2]. The RPS19 gene is located on chromosome 19q13.2 and has six exons and spans 11 kb. The first exon is untranslated, and the start codon (AUG) is located at the beginning of exon 2 [1]. RPS19 has three annotated pseudogenes. The RPS19 gene has 196 sequence variants, of which 65 had no known pathogenicity. Recent studies have provided evidence for an association between common polymorphic markers in the RPS19 exon 1 gene -631 locus insertion (ins) GCCA, AGCC and African origin [3]. At the same location, there are two common polymorphisms, -631 ins GCCA, AGCC refsnp:34020014 [4]. As previously reported, these polymorphisms do not have any effect on phenotype. The common polymorphism -631 ins GCCA was found in African-Americans with an allele frequency of 0.09 [3]. We aimed to study the frequency of this polymorphism in North African countries and also in Turkish Cypriots. In this study, 280 Egyptians, 105 Algerians, 92 Turkish Cypriots and 6 Hemoglobin (Hb) OArab cases were included. RPS19 gene exon 1 was amplified with “F5’TTA CTA CTC CCA CTT CCG GCC AGG GAA CAG 3’, R5’TCA GGC ACG CGC GCT CTG AGG CTT CGG CGT C3’ ” primers followed by digestion with the restriction enzymes HpyF10VI (MwoI, Fermentas, USA). HpyF10VI recognizes 5’-G C N N N N N^N N G C-3’. 3% agarose gel electrophoresis was used to show the fragments, which are 295bp, 158bp and 73bp for normal sample and 173bp, 158bp, 126bp, and 73bp for homozygous sample. In this study, we aimed to analyze the -631 ins GCCA mutation in three different Mediterranean populations, of which two were North African countries. Table 1 shows the genotype distribution in the three countries. Previously, the RPS19 gene -631 ins was reported as an African marker in African-Americans in the United States population [3]. In order to test this hypothesis, we analyzed individuals from two different North African countries. Although rare, we found this polymorphism in Algerians and Egyptians. Our finding supported the hypothesis. Ozge Cumao ullar 1, Ay enur Ozturk1, Nejat Akar1, Solaf Elsayed2, Ezzat Elsobky2, Bakhouche Houcher3 1Pediatric Molecular Genetic Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey 2Pediatric Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt 3Department of Biology, University of Setif, Faculty of Sciences, Setif, Algeria

Four flavonoids from the aerial part of Ononis angustissima species

Lam. is an endemic plant of the north of Algerian Sahara (Guardaia, Bechar, Biskra, Boussaadaand Beni Abbas). This plant was collected in the region of Bechar on April 1998 and was authenticated by Pr. A. Kaabeche(Biology department, University of Setif, Algeria). It has a yellow flower and belongs to the Leguminoseae family [1], whichis very rich in flavonoids [2].The Mediterranean species of this genus have been studied, in which more than 20 aglycon flavonoids were identified;as natural compounds, some of them are rare [3]. The aerial parts of

Smoking prevention and cessation: a program in the region of Setif, Algeria (2001–2006)

Tobacco smoking and its consequences are one of the major health problems in all regions of the world, regardless of their level of development. The extent of this problem has considerably grown over the last decade. As demand decreases in developed countries, tobacco industries target low- or middle-income developing countries and promote their products with an expected increase in consumption. In Algeria some 30,000 new cancer cases are diagnosed each year; the number of cases increased by 50% between 1986 and 2000. Tobacco prevalence was 43 in male and 6 in female. 50% of smokers are under 27 years. Awareness campaigns during “World no tobacco day”, followed by information caravans, motivated some smokers to ask for help to quit smoking. But then, these people used all sorts of products in unstructured ways, because medicines and cessation techniques in Algeria are still not well known and there is no national global policy on these issues. Responding to this need, the University hospital and the University of Setif, in collaboration with Epidaure-CRLC (Montpellier, France), the committee for French-speaking countries of the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) and the French League against cancer implemented a tobacco-smoking prevention and cessation program in the region of Setif. The objective is to promote prevention and cessation of tobacco in Setif area. The main activities are press campaigns, health formation, communication, information education, and cessation. The results after 2 years show new needs in communication. Heath authorities are favorable to develop this project in all areas in the country. There are some problems in medical, cultural, and economic concepts.

AVUNET Author: An Authoring System for Distance Learning Platform

An authoring system was presented in this study, “AVUNET Author” which allows the creation of interactive learning object within a distance teaching platform on the Internet. For the conception of this system, we stated with the assumption that the content of distance teaching is not just to put online the content used for classroom teaching. In addition to the classical functions such as editing and formatting a text, the system is enriched with functions to cater for the needs of the instructor designing the course content. The users can thus generate automatically the table of contents, create questions for evaluation purpose and manage the bibliographical references. The graphical construction of the content allows an easy manipulation and a better course structure for a later adaptation to the learner’s profiles. We started experimenting with the system at the University of Setif in collaboration with a group of computer science instructors.