University Of Salford Research Articles

Human factors perspective on the prescribing behavior of recent medical graduates: implications for educators

BackgroundJunior doctors are at high risk of involvement in medication errors. Educational interventions to enhance human factors and specifically nontechnical skills in health care are increasingly reported, but there is no work in the context of prescribing improvement to guide such education. We set out to determine the elements that influence prescribing from a human factors perspective by recent medical graduates and use this to guide education in this area.MethodsA total of 206 recent medical graduates of the North Western Foundation School were asked to describe their views on safety practices and behaviors. Free text data regarding prescribing behaviors were collected 1, 2, and 4 months after starting their posts. A 94.1% response rate was achieved. Qualitative analysis of data was completed using the constant comparison method. Five initial categories were developed, and the researchers subsequently developed thematic indices according to their understanding of the emerging content of the data. Further data were collected through group interviews 8–9 months into the placement to ensure thematic saturation.ResultsSix themes were established at the axial coding level, ie, contributors to inappropriate prescribing, contributors to appropriate prescribing, professional responsibility, prescribing error, current practices, and methods for improvement of prescribing. Utilizing appropriate theoretical elements, we describe how recent medical graduates employ situational and error awareness to guide risk assessment.ConclusionWe have modeled the human factors of prescribing behavior by recent medical graduates. As these factors are related to a number of recognized elements of nontechnical skills training within health care, educators should consider design elements from such existing interventions to support prescribing improvement programs. Future research should seek to assess the effectiveness of prescribing focused nontechnical skills training.

Beyond the book: New forms of academic communication

[Event review] As I walked into the Wolfson Theatre in the bustling LSE, amidst the showcasing of the university’s fifth annual ‘Space for Thought’ Literary Festival, I picked up a brightly coloured project pack entitled ‘Ages and Stages’ and settled into the audience, which was exuding an anticipating ambiance. Amy Mollett, who chaired the session, introduced three experts, each engaging in new forms of academic communication in their own fields of research: Prof. Miriam Bernard (Keele University), Dr Kip Jones (Bournemouth University), and Dr Gareth Morris (University of Salford).

Effect of social media on post graduate students during academic lectures and library session. A case study of Salford University Manchester, United Kingdom

The present study examined attitude to and extent of usage of social media by post graduate students at Salford University during Academic Lectures and Library Session. Data collection involved both qualitative and quantitative methodology involving oral interview and questionnaire administration. Likert model was employed in response to eighteen –item questionnaire which were physically administered to 120 randomly selected post graduate students who have social media accounts. Another six students were interviewed face to face differently and their responses were recorded. The data obtained was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The results showed that many students use social media especially Facebook, myspace, and Twiter during academic classes. Findings of this study also suggest that social media could negatively impact on the students’ academic progress and that timed-off software should be installed in the classes.

Influence of social media on social behaviour of post graduate students. A case study of Salford University, United Kingdom.

The present study examined the academic relevance, possible effects on social behaviour and academic progress of social media on post graduate students. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection involving questionnaire administration and oral interview. Eighteen questions with Likert model responses in a questionnaire were physically administered to 120 randomly selected post graduate students who have social media accounts while six other students were interviewed differently face to face and their responses recorded. The obtained data were analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The results revealed that many students use social media especially Facebook and that they spend increasing amount of quality time on these networks. Findings of this study suggest that social media could negatively impact on the students’ social behaviour, academic progress and that a timed-off software should be installed to control its use by students. This study will be of immense benefit to the university administration as it has shown the potent dangers of uncontrolled use of these social media by students and therefore the need to put in place measures to forestall its alluded negative effects.

Fostering matters

The views of stakeholders are increasingly seen as important to the delivery of services. The perspectives of foster carers therefore, can contribute to the organisation, management and provision of placements to children who are looked after by the local authority. This paper reflects the views of Foluke, a member of the symposium ‘Fostering Matters’ which took place at the University of Salford in March 2007. Foluke is not only an experienced foster carer and trainer of foster carers, but also an experienced social worker with current responsibility for educating social work practitioners. There is no suggestion that the views expressed in this paper represent the ‘truth’ of being a foster carer. On the contrary, it is appreciated that the opinions of foster carers will vary in relation to their social characteristics (such as class, gender, ‘race’ or ethnicity), their personal biographies and the context in which their opinions are elicited. Nevertheless, this paper contains important reflections on a main theme of the symposium - the professionalisation of foster care. Furthermore, comments on the quality of practice in relation to assessment and training may be of value to those responsible for the continued improvement in standards.

Children of the State

This paper is a development of the scene setting presentation made by Nick Frost, Professor of Social Work (Children, childhood and families), at the ‘Fostering Matters’ symposium that was held at the University of Salford in March 2007. By focussing on the stability of placements and education, the paper considers the Green Paper Care Matters: Transforming the lives of Children and Young People (DfES 2006a) and the subsequent White Paper Care Matters: a Time of Change (DfES 2007) in terms of New Labour's ideological approach to the modernisation of services. Although there have been criticisms of the government's policy, it is concluded that there has been a distinct shift away from the minimalist help that was offered to children who were unable to live with their families.

Towards a research informed teaching experience within a diagnostic radiography curriculum: The level 4 (year 1) student holistic experience

AimThis article discusses the level 4 (year 1) diagnostic radiography student holistic experience of the Research-informed Teaching experience (RiTe) at the University of Salford, UK. The purpose of RiTe is to expose undergraduate radiography students to more formal research, as part of their normal teaching and learning experience. MethodA grounded theory approach was adopted and a focus group with eight level 4 students was used to explore and evaluate the student experience and perception of RiTe. ResultsOpen coding defined categories and sub-categories, with axial and selective coding used to interrogate and explore the relationships between the focus group data. A number of insights were gained into the student holistic experience of RiTe. The issue of leadership for level 4 students was also identified. DiscussionThe focus group participants found RiTe to be an extremely positive learning experience. RiTe also facilitated their translation of learnt theory into clinical skills knowledge alongside their understanding of and desire to participate in more research as undergraduates. The article also highlights areas for future research.

Time-resolved nanosecond fluorescence lifetime imaging and picosecond infrared spectroscopy of combretastatin A-4 in solution and in cellular systems**DedicationThis paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor Christopher G Morgan (1949–2011). He was a valued colleague and friend at the University of Salford and made significant contributions to the development and applications of fluorescence lifetime imaging.

Fluorescence lifetime images of intrinsic fluorescence obtained with two-photon excitation at 630 nm are shown following uptake of a series of E-combretastatins into live cells, including human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) that are the target for the anticancer activity of combretastatins. Images show distribution of the compounds within the cell cytoplasm and in structures identified as lipid droplets by comparison with images obtained following Nile red staining of the same cells. The intracellular fluorescent lifetimes are generally longer than in fluid solution as a consequence of the high viscosity of the cellular environment. Following incubation, the intracellular concentrations of a fluorinated derivative of E-combretastatin A-4 in HUVECs are between two and three orders of magnitude higher than the concentration in the surrounding medium. Evidence is presented to indicate that at moderate laser powers (up to 6 mW), it is possible to isomerize up to 25% of the combretastatin within the femtolitre focal volume of the femtosecond laser beam. This suggests that it may be possible to activate the E-combretastatin (with low cellular toxicity) to the Z-isomer with high anticancer drug activity using two-photon irradiation. The isomerization of Z- and E-combretastatins by 266 nm irradiation has been probed by ultrafast time-resolved infrared spectroscopy. Results for the E-isomer show a rapid loss of excess vibrational energy in the excited state with a lifetime of 7 ps, followed by a slower process with a lifetime of 500 ps corresponding to the return to the ground state as also determined from the fluorescence lifetime. In contrast, the Z-isomer, whilst also appearing to undergo a rapid cooling of the initial excited state, has a much shorter overall excited state lifetime of 14 ps.

Women tend to be more anxious than men before they have day surgery.

Women experience greater levels of anxiety than men before day surgery according to a study that suggests nursing should adapt to meet the psychological needs of short-stay patients. The study by Mark Mitchell, senior lecturer at the College of Health and Social Care, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, also looked at the impact of general and local anaesthesia.

Annoyance from railway vibration in residential environments: factors of importance when considering exposure-response relationships

Railway induced vibration is an important source of annoyance in residential environments. Annoyance increases with vibration magnitude. However, these correlations between annoyance and physical ratings are weak. This suggests that vibration-induced annoyance is governed by more than just vibration level, and that simple exposure-response relationships alone sometimes do not provide sufficient information for understanding the wide variation in annoyance reactions. Results of investigations made on factors coming into play when considering an exposure-response relationship between level of vibration and annoyance are presented here. Examples of these factors are time of day, situational factors, personal and attitudinal factors. This was achieved using data from case studies comprised of face-to-face interviews (N=931) and internal vibration measurements collected within the study “Human Response to Vibration in Residential Environments” by the University of Salford. This work will be of interest to researchers and environmental health practitioners involved in the assessment of vibration complaints, as well as to planners and consultants involved in the design of buildings and railways. [Work funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) UK]

Optimization of the BIM Authoring Tool in Architectural Practice

Construction companies are facing barriers and challenges in Building Information Modelling (BIM) adoption as there is no clear guidance or best practice studies from which they can learn and build up their capacity for BIM use to increase productivity, efficiency, and quality. One of the key challenges in the BIM adoption is the ability of optimisation of a selected BIM authoring tool according to a company’s needs and requirements. This paper explains the approach for the optimisation of BIM technology selected in a Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) project, undertaken between the University of Salford and John McCall Architects. The BIM implementation approach in the KTP used a socio-technical view that considered both the implementation of technology and its socio-cultural environment. The adoption and optimisation used the action research oriented qualitative and quantitative research for discovery, comparison, and experimentation it provided for “learning by doing.”

Effluent Treatment in a Gas-To-Liquid Plant

This article, written by Senior Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper IPTC 14215, ’A Novel Approach to Effluent Treatment in Gas-To-Liquid,’ by C.G. Enyi, M. Nagib, SPE, and G.G. Nasr, Salford University, prepared for the 2011 International Petroleum Technology Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, rescheduled to 7-9 February 2012. The paper has not been peer reviewed. In a gas-to-liquid (GTL) plant, a large amount of reaction water is produced and various chemicals are used as intermediate treatment chemicals. The reaction water is contaminated by these chemicals. A laboratory-scale effluent-neutralization unit for pH control was designed and built to demonstrate the feasibility of the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by reforming reactions in both the synthesis and the hydrogen-production units in the GTL plant for in-situ effluent treatment. Introduction Deep saline formations appear to offer potential to store several hundred years’ worth of CO2 emissions. Wider international collaboration and consensus are needed to ensure the viability, availability, and permanence of CO2 storage. However, carbon capture/sequestration faces both technical and economic challenges. Therefore, there is the need to explore other methods to deal with CO2 emissions. Transformation to chemical feedstock such as methanol is a commercially proven technology; however, CO2 captured from furnace flue gas will not be economical for this purpose because of its low pressure. Compression is required before the CO2 could be processed into methanol. Another process, the Sabatier reaction, converts CO2 to methane. This methanation process could prove to be less capital intensive, provided that reaction hydrogen is available from a low-cost source. This work focused on the in-situ use of produced CO2 from the reforming and Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) reactions in a GTL plant for effluent treatment instead of the conventional use of sulfuric acid, which is not produced in the GTL-plant complex. Because the objective of this work is to reduce CO2 emissions, modifying the entire effluent-treatment system (e.g., corrugated-plate interceptor separators, aeration equipment, clarifiers, dissolved-air flotation separators, and chlorination and equalization units) will not be required. Only the neutralization unit, which controls the pH of effluent, will be modified. GTL Technology GTL technology comprises a chemical conversion of natural gas to a stable liquid by means of the F-T process. This conversion makes it possible to obtain products that can be consumed directly as fuel (e.g., diesel, kerosene, and gasoline) or special products such as lubricants.

Mathematics summer schools for acoustics research training

Mathematical methods are important for research in many aspects of acoustics. Most researchers in acoustics in the United Kingdom do not have access to master level courses to broaden their postgraduate study, so they advance their fundamental mathematical methodologies taught at undergraduate level through independent learning. They develop their mathematical skills as appropriate rather than being made aware of the potential of advanced mathematical tools at the onset of their research career. Attempts to improve this situation were made through summer schools held in 2003 and 2005 at Southampton University and in 2007 at Salford University. The background to these Summer Schools, their content and structure, recruitment figures and student feedback are reported together with conclusions about their performance and role particularly in respect of PhD completion.

‘My feet – visible, but ignored .’ A qualitative study of foot care for people with rheumatoid arthritis

Objective: To explore patients’ experiences of foot problems associated with rheumatoid arthritis, from onset of symptoms to being provided with foot health interventions. Design: A qualitative design was used with an interpretive phenomenological approach to the data collection and analysis. Setting: University of Salford, School of Health Science. Subjects: Sixteen female and six male adults with rheumatoid arthritis-related foot problems and experience of receiving foot health interventions. Method: Data were collected through digital recordings of three focus groups which were conducted by an experienced researcher. An observer made field notes. Transcribed data were analysed using a thematic framework. Data were verified with randomly selected participants and agreement achieved with the participants, researcher and observer. Results: The results were organized into five themes: the significance of foot symptoms in relation to diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis; knowledge of and explanation about foot symptoms; accessing foot health interventions; the effectiveness of foot health interventions; and improvements to foot health interventions. Despite foot problems being of concern to the participants, they were often ignored by practitioners from before diagnosis through to foot management. Conclusions: This study has highlighted a polarity between what these participants need in relation to their foot symptoms and the management of them. That foot problems are often ignored is of concern at multiple levels. These range from the implications of ignoring foot symptoms that may aid diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, to ignoring the need for effective foot health interventions.

Redefining screwball and reappropriating liminal spaces: The contemporary bromance and Todd Phillips' The Hangover DVD

ABSTRACTThis article argues that the central drives of the screwball genre are renegotiated in the recent spate of ‘bromance’ films — amongst them the aptly titled I Love You, Man by Hamburg (2009), Apatow's The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005) and Funny People (2009), and, most recently, Gordon's Horrible Bosses (2011) — and that Todd Phillips' The Hangover (2009) in particular — with its doubly transgressional contrivance of a road trip and weekend in Vegas — marks the zenith of a genre compelled by a distinctly Bakhtinian ‘grotesque body’. Moreover, this article suggests that Phillips’ fragmented narrative and reappropriation of the DVD text's liminal spaces (primarily its closing credit sequence and ‘extras’) may have significant ramifications for readings of contemporary ‘bromantic’ relations. An earlier version of this article was presented at the 5th Annual International Comedy Conference at the University of Salford in June 2011.

Good nursing practice

Mark Baker International Fellow in Nursing in Complex Neurological Disabilities, Institute of Neuropalliative Rehabilitation, Royal Hospital for Neuro-disability, London Susan Baxter Centre for Gerontological Practice, Glasgow Caledonian University Mary Braine Lecturer, School of Nursing, University of Salford, and National Lead, Neuroscience Nursing Benchmarking Group Chris Brunker Clinical Nurse Specialist, Neurosciences, St George’s Hospital, Tooting, London Maureen Coggrave Nursing Research Fellow, National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury Neal Cook Lecturer in Nursing, University of Ulster, Londonderry, Northern Irel. Belinda Crawford Clinical Nurse Leader, Neuro Critical Care, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London Christine Eberhardie Honorary Principal Lecturer, Kingston University and St George’s, University of London Maria Fitzpatrick Consultant Nurse Stroke Management, King’s College Hospital, London Richard Glasspool Parkinson’s Disease Nurse Specialist, Northamptonshire Karen Harrison-Dening National Lead Practice Development Admiral Nurse, Dementia UK Daiga Heisters National Education Adviser, Parkinson’s UK Stuart Hibbins Senior Lecturer, London South Bank University Stephen Leyshon Primary Care and Ambulances Lead, National Patient Safety Agency, London Kate McArdle Head Nurse, Modern Matron Neuro ITU, Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford; BANN representative, World Federation of Neuroscience Nurses Anne McLeod Lecturer in Critical Care, St Bartholomews School of Nursing and Midwifery, City University, London Siobhan McLernon Senior Lecturer (neurosciences), London South Bank University Shanne McNamara Specialist Nurse, Edinburgh Centre for Neuro-Oncology, Edinburgh Ann-Marie Mestecky Lecturer, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King’s College London Mary O’Brien Senior Lecturer, Evidence-based Practice Research Centre (EPRC), Faculty of Health, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk Anne Preece Professional Development Nurse, Neurocritical Care Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham Foundation Trust; President, British Association of Neuroscience Nurses (BANN) Cathy Queally Epilepsy Clinical Nurse Specialist, King’s College Hospital, London Lucy Sutton Associate Director, End of Life Care Programme, NHS South Central, London Colm Treacy School of Community and Health Sciences, City University, London Richard Warner MS Nurse Consultant, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Catheryne Waterhouse Lecturer/Practitioner, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield; Chair, RCN Neuroscience Nurses Forum; BANN representative, European Association of Neuroscience Nurses (EANN) Mandy Wells Nurse Consultant, Bladder and Bowel Care Services, Franklyn Hospital, Exeter Ian Williams Paediatric Neurosurgical Nurse Specialist, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff Sue Woodward Lecturer, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King’s College London Editor-in-Chief Sue Woodward Editor Sophie Gardner Associate Publisher Pete Black Senior Sales Executive Sarah Sedjelmaci Group Classified Manager Rachel McElhinney Design Executive Peter Constantine Medical illustrator www.hfs-imaging.com Production Manager Jon Redmayne Publishing Director Adrian Johnston Chief Operating Officer Ben Allen

EBLIP6 conference – valuing knowledge and expertise (27‐30 June 2011)

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the key themes and content of the Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 6 conference, held at the University of Salford (UK) in June 2011.Design/methodology/approachThe paper summarises the content, themes and issues discussed during this conference.FindingsThis conference covered a number of themes highly relevant to current library and information practitioners and researchers. These included the link between research and practice; the validity of different types of evidence; and the importance of addressing local needs with local evidence.Originality/valueThe conference provided an insight into the key issues around evidence‐based practice in librarianship and information science, and suggested several areas where future development may be possible.

Maternal sacral fracture during delivery causing foot drop

International Journal of Gynecology & ObstetricsVolume 115, Issue 3 p. 289-290 Brief communication Maternal sacral fracture during delivery causing foot drop David J. Murray, Corresponding Author David J. Murray [email protected] Royal Blackburn Hospital, Lancashire, UKCorresponding author at: Royal Blackburn Hospital, Haslingden Road, Blackburn, Lancashire BB2 3HH, UK. Tel.: + 44 7968 717856; fax: + 44 151 709 6149.Search for more papers by this authorWaqar Bhatti, Waqar Bhatti South Manchester University Teaching Hospitals, Manchester, UK Faculty of Health, Sports and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK Faculty Of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UKSearch for more papers by this author David J. Murray, Corresponding Author David J. Murray [email protected] Royal Blackburn Hospital, Lancashire, UKCorresponding author at: Royal Blackburn Hospital, Haslingden Road, Blackburn, Lancashire BB2 3HH, UK. Tel.: + 44 7968 717856; fax: + 44 151 709 6149.Search for more papers by this authorWaqar Bhatti, Waqar Bhatti South Manchester University Teaching Hospitals, Manchester, UK Faculty of Health, Sports and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK Faculty Of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 October 2011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.06.023Citations: 8Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume115, Issue3December 2011Pages 289-290 RelatedInformation

Organ donation: is there a better way?

Mark Baker International Fellow in Nursing in Complex Neurological Disabilities, Institute of Neuropalliative Rehabilitation, Royal Hospital for Neuro-disability, London Susan Baxter Centre for Gerontological Practice, Glasgow Caledonian University Mary Braine Lecturer, School of Nursing, University of Salford, and National Lead, Neuroscience Nursing Benchmarking Group Chris Brunker Clinical Nurse Specialist, Neurosciences, St George’s Hospital, Tooting, London Maureen Coggrave Nursing Research Fellow, National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury Neal Cook Lecturer in Nursing, University of Ulster, Londonderry, Northern Irel. Belinda Crawford Clinical Nurse Leader, Neuro Critical Care, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London Christine Eberhardie Honorary Principal Lecturer, Kingston University and St George’s, University of London Maria Fitzpatrick Consultant Nurse Stroke Management, King’s College Hospital, London Richard Glasspool Parkinson’s Disease Nurse Specialist, Northamptonshire Karen Harrison-Dening National Lead Practice Development Admiral Nurse, Dementia UK Daiga Heisters National Education Adviser, Parkinson’s UK Stuart Hibbins Senior Lecturer, London South Bank University Stephen Leyshon Primary Care and Ambulances Lead, National Patient Safety Agency, London Kate McArdle Head Nurse, Modern Matron Neuro ITU, Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford; BANN representative, World Federation of Neuroscience Nurses Anne McLeod Lecturer in Critical Care, St Bartholomews School of Nursing and Midwifery, City University, London Siobhan McLernon Senior Lecturer (neurosciences), London South Bank University Shanne McNamara Specialist Nurse, Edinburgh Centre for Neuro-Oncology, Edinburgh Ann-Marie Mestecky Lecturer, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King’s College London Mary O’Brien Senior Lecturer, Evidence-based Practice Research Centre (EPRC), Faculty of Health, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk Anne Preece Professional Development Nurse, Neurocritical Care Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham Foundation Trust; President, British Association of Neuroscience Nurses (BANN) Cathy Queally Epilepsy Clinical Nurse Specialist, King’s College Hospital, London Lucy Sutton Associate Director, End of Life Care Programme, NHS South Central, London Colm Treacy School of Community and Health Sciences, City University, London Richard Warner MS Nurse Consultant, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Catheryne Waterhouse Lecturer/Practitioner, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield; Chair, RCN Neuroscience Nurses Forum; BANN representative, European Association of Neuroscience Nurses (EANN) Mandy Wells Nurse Consultant, Bladder and Bowel Care Services, Franklyn Hospital, Exeter Ian Williams Paediatric Neurosurgical Nurse Specialist, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff Sue Woodward Lecturer, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King’s College London Editor-in-Chief Sue Woodward Editor Sophie Gardner

Building a User Blog with Evidence: The Health Information Skills Academic Library Blog

No abstract.