University Of Oslo Research Articles

Worry and rumination predict insomnia in patients with coronary heart disease: a cross-sectional study with long-term follow-up.

Insomnia is highly prevalent and associated with anxiety and depression in patients with coronary heart disease patients. The development of effective psychological interventions is needed. Worry and rumination are potential risk factors for the maintenance of insomnia, anxiety, and depression that may be modified by psychological treatment grounded in the Self-Regulatory Executive Function model. However, the relationships between worry, rumination, anxiety and depression, and insomnia are not known. Therefore, we investigated these relationships both cross-sectionally and longitudinally among patients with coronary heart disease. A cross-sectional study consecutively included 1,082 patients in 2014-2015, and 686 were followed up after mean of 4.7 years. Data were gathered from hospital records and self-report questionnaires comprising assessment of worry (Penn State Worry Questionnaire), rumination (Ruminative Responses Scale), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and insomnia (Bergen Insomnia Scale). Insomnia correlated moderately with all other psychological variables (R 0.18-0.50, all P values < .001). After adjustments for anxiety and depression, odds ratios for insomnia at baseline were 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.08-1.50) and 1.60 (95% confidence interval 1.31-1.94) per 10 points increase of worry and rumination, respectively. Corresponding odds ratios for insomnia at follow-up were 1.28 (95% confidence interval 1.05-1.55) and 1.38 (95% confidence interval 1.09-1.75). Depression was no longer significantly associated with insomnia after adjustments for worry and rumination, but anxiety remained significant. Worry and rumination predicted insomnia both cross-sectionally and prospectively, even after controlling for anxiety and depression, although anxiety remained significant. Future studies may test psychological interventions targeting these factors in patients with coronary heart disease and insomnia. Frøjd LA, Papageorgiou C, Munkhaugen J, etal. Worry and rumination predict insomnia in patients with coronary heart disease: a cross-sectional study with long-term follow-up. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(3):779-787.

Combining X-ray Diffraction and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy to Unveil Zn Local Environment in Zn-Doped ZrO2 Catalysts

This project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 837733 (COZMOS project). XAS measurements on ROCK were supported by a public grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the “Investissements d’Avenir” program (reference: ANR-10-EQPX-45). We are grateful to the beamline staff (C. La Fontaine, V. Briois) and to K. A. Lomachenko, A. L. Bugaev, C. Ahoba-Sam, and A. Lazzarini for the help with the XAS measurements at ROCK, Soleil. We are also grateful to P. Ticali and S. Morandi (University of Turin) as well as to the other colleagues involved in the COZMOS project for insightful discussions and support, especially to C. Ahoba-Sam (University of Oslo) and A. Ramirez (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology) for catalyst synthesis and catalytic tests, respectively. We also thank G. Fiore for precious advice on Rietveld Refinement method. We are grateful to the reviewers for critically reading the manuscript and helping us in substantially improving this work with their constructive comments.

Interprofessional education on complex patients in nursing homes: a focus group study

BackgroundAn ageing population leads up to increasing multi-morbidity and polypharmacy. This demands a comprehensive and interprofessional approach in meeting patients’ complex needs. This study describes graduate students’ experiences of working practice based in interprofessional teams with complex patients’ care needs in nursing homes.MethodStudents from advanced geriatric nursing, clinical nutrition, dentistry, medicine and pharmacy at the University of Oslo in Norway were assigned to groups to examine and develop a care plan for a nursing home patient during a course. Focus groups were used, 21 graduate students participating in four groups. Data were collected during spring 2018, were inductively analysed according to a thematic analysis method (Systematic Text Condensation). An analytical framework of co-ordination practices was applied to get an in-depth understanding of the data.ResultsThree themes were identified: 1) Complex patients as learning opportunities- an eye-opener for future interprofessional collaboration 2) A cobweb of relations, and 3) Structural facilitators for new collective knowledge. Graduate university students experienced interprofessional education (IPE) on complex patients in nursing homes as a comprehensive learning arena. Overall, different co-ordination practices for work organization among the students were identified.ConclusionsIPE in nursing homes facilitated the students’ scope from a fragmented approach of the patients towards a relational and collaborative practice that can improve patient care and strengthen understanding of IPE. The study also demonstrated the need for preparatory teamwork training to gain maximum benefit from the experience. Something that can be organized by the education institutions in the form of a stepwise learning module and as an online pre-training course in interprofessional teamwork. Further, focusing on the need for well thought through processes of the activity by the institutions and the timing the practice component in students’ curricula. This could ensure that IPE is experienced more efficient by the students.

First person – Katharina Vestre

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Katharina Vestre is first author on ‘ Rab7b regulates dendritic cell migration by linking lysosomes to the actomyosin cytoskeleton’, published in JCS. Katharina is a PhD student in the lab of Cinzia Progida at the Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway, investigating the coordination between intracellular traffic and the cytoskeleton, and how this affects processes such as cell division and migration.

Introduction

The articles in the present volume are the result of two workshops held at the Norwegian Institute in Rome that are both robustly disciplinary, but simultaneously raise issues beyond the disciplinary bounds of art history (into philosophy, history of ideas and history) and archaeology (into criminology, heritage studies and contemporary sociology and politics). The first was organised by DniR-researcher Mattia Biffis in October 2019, The Art of Truth: Providing Evidence in Early Modern Bologna. The second section is based on a digital workshop organised by DniR-researcher Samuel Hardy in collaboration with the Heritage Experience Initiative project at the University of Oslo in October 2020, Handling of Cultural Goods and Financing of Political Violence. On cover:ANNIBALE CARRACCI (BOLOGNA 1560 - ROME 1609), An Allegory of Truth and Time c. 1584-1585. Oil on canvas | 130,0 x 169,6 cm. (support, canvas/panel/str external) | RCIN 404770Royal Collection Trust / © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2021.

Controlled hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived anisole over supported Pt on UiO-66 based-catalysts through defect engineering approach

Herein, we report a series of Platinum (Pt) phase loading on the highly porous channels of the metal-organic framework (MOF) introduces open Lewis acid sites through a defective-effect, which are crucial for selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process of anisole. Thereby, UiO-66 (University of Oslo) based-supports were synthesized by a microwave-assisted solvothermal method using isophthalic acid (IPA) as a mixed linker at different concentrations. The total amount of acid sites in the defective UiO-66 samples was 1.5–2.5 times higher than that of pristine UiO-66, with the corresponding linker deficiency increasing to 1.94 as the concentration of the mixed linker was increased to 30% in the starting material. Consequently, the 3Pt/defective UiO-66 catalysts achieved better catalytic performance for the anisole HDO process, with a turn-over frequency (TOF) value of the Pt site being 2–3 times higher than that of the pristine 3Pt/UiO-66. Notably, the reaction pathway shifted from producing cyclohexane to producing benzene through the demethoxylation of anisole. This resulted in an increase in the TOF value based on the benzene yield by over 10 times as the defective linker content increased from 0 to 20%. The catalytic stability was also investigated using a series of Pt/defective UiO-66 catalysts.

Green Criminology: Its Foundation in Critical Criminology and the Way Forward

AbstractThis article outlines the field of critical criminology and how its development was essential for the development of green criminology. Through a personal trajectory, I use my experiences first as a student and later as Professor of Criminology at the University of Oslo as an entry point. I draw on my involvement with the European Group for the Study of Deviance and Social Control to explore how critical criminology has influenced green critical criminology. Critical criminology, with its focus on the crimes of the powerful, is concerned with victims of injustice, and a social harm approach was, I argue, a necessary foundation for non‐speciesist, green critical criminology. The article concludes by elucidating the challenges for a green critical non‐speciesist criminology, which includes a presentation of my current research project, ‘Criminal justice, wildlife conservation and animal rights in the Anthropocene – CRIMEANTHROP’.

The Norwegian 1.Lecturer – Shunned or Lost and Found?

Norwegian higher education has for a number of years had a system of two career paths for academic teachers. The path requiring a doctoral thesis and qualifying via doing more research to a professoriate was moulded primarily at the University of Oslo. The other path became accepted at a later stage, and encompassed academics who won their merits through teaching primarily. The difference in status we describe by the two terms: “the high road and the low road”. Our argument here is that these two careers are complementary, and that further work needs to be done to make the status and desirability of the two paths more equal. The paper aims at describing how a fuller acknowledgement of the “teaching” path from a lecturer to an elevated status of 1.lecturer will improve the quality of teaching and improve collaboration and co-creating of good programmes for dissemination and training in both disciplinary and professional studies. A professional doctorate dedicated for teachers in higher education might be the viable middle road.

5 - Sociopolitical Representations in African Cinema: Paulin S. Vieyra, Djibril Diop Mambéty, Eddie Ugbomah and Ola Balogun in the Footsteps of Ousmane Sembène

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; This article discusses the innovative ways in which African filmmakers Ousmane Sembène, Paulin S. Vieyra, Djibril Diop Mambéty Eddie Ogbomah and Ola Balogun offer sociological insights into, and cultural representations of, African contemporary postcolonial societies. These filmmakers are able to highlight the breadth and depth of the undercurrents of hopes and impediments in Africa. Their themes include social justice, slavery, alienation, the advent of Islam and Christianity (upsetting the traditional beliefs and cosmogony in the process), military rule, tradition and modernity, Pan- Africanist ideals, the importation and imposition of the Western political system into Africa, and loaded concepts such as democracy, just to name a few. Ogbomah underscores the many travails that obtain in postcolonial Nigeria, the most salient being the ruthless corruption in the natural resources sector, primarily crude oil. These filmmakers try to offer a solid foundation on which modern Africa can, firstly, midwife the revival of a genuine indigenous model of economic development. Secondly, these filmmakers, each in his own peculiar style, provide artistic tools which can continue to support the development of a socially conscious and intellectually robust cinematic tradition in Africa.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Samba Diop, Ph.D., Research Scholar, Department of Linguistics &amp; Scandinavian Studies, University of Oslo, Norway. Email: sbkdiop@yahoo.co.uk&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Ibsen, Power and the Self: Postsocialist Chinese Experimentations in Stage Performance and Film

Ibsen, Power and the Self: Postsocialist Chinese Experimentations in Stage Performance and Film

A functionalized UiO-66 MOF acting as a luminescent chemosensor for selective and sensitive turn-on detection of superoxide and acetylacetone

A luminescent ZrIV based UiO-66 metal-organic framework (MOF) with sulphonamide functionality was successfully synthesized using solvothermal method and characterized using various instrumental tools. This newly synthesized Zr-MOF (UiO-66-NH–SO2–Ph-NO2, 1; UiO = University of Oslo) with 2-((4-nitrophenyl)sulfonamido)terephthalic acid (BDC–NH–SO2-Ph-NO2) ligand displayed high thermal stability up to 330 °C under N2 atmosphere and chemical stability in H2O, 1 (M) HCl, glacial acetic acid and NaOH solution (pH 8 to 10). The MOF showed a large BET surface area of 1073 m2 g−1. The thermally activated MOF (1′) showed highly selective and sensitive fluorescent switch-on properties for superoxide (O2•-) in MeOH and acetylacetone (ACAC) in DMF medium even in presence of its competitors. The detection limit (98 nM) of O2•- using this probe is much lower than the known MOF based chemo-sensor for O2•-. The uniqueness of this MOF (1′) is its ability to detect ACAC up to the limit of 1.23 ppm, which is similar as the previously published MOF chemo-sensors for ACAC. The mechanisms of both the sensing processes were investigated in detail.

Editorial: New conversations in development studies

Editorial: New conversations in development studies

Cu2+-modified MOF as laccase-mimicking material for colorimetric determination and discrimination of phenolic compounds with 4-aminoantipyrine.

Based on the laccase-mimicking activity of Cu2+-modified University of Oslo (UiO) metal-organic framework (UiO-67-Cu2+), we developed acolorimetric sensor array for distinguishing a series of phenols with different number and position of substituted hydroxyl group (-OH) and different substituent group on the benzene ring, including phenol, catechol, quinol, resorcinol, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol, o-chlorophenol, o-aminophenol, and o-nitrophenol. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of phenolic compounds were obtained by theoretical calculation. The results show that the lower the LUMO energy level, the easier the chromogenic reaction occurs. The UiO-67-Cu2+-catalyzed phenol chromogenic reaction showed a good linearity in the range from 0.1 to 200μM with limit of detection approximately 61nM. Through the detection of phenol in tap water and river water, the recovery rate and RSD (n = 3) were calculated as 94.1~103% and 1.0~3.3, respectively, showing good recovery, reliable results, and outstanding stability. Therefore, the proposed colorimetric sensor array will have a great potential for the detection of phenols in the environment. Schematic presentation of a simple and sensitive colorimetric strategy based on the laccase-mimicking activity of Cu2+-modified UiO-type metal-organic framework (MOFs, Uio-67-Cu2+) to distinguish phenols with analogous structures.

Influence of different types of ionospheric disturbances on GPS signals at polar latitudes

Abstract. The comparative research of the influence of different types of auroral particle precipitation and polar cap patches (PCPs) on the global positioning system (GPS) signals disturbances in the polar ionosphere was done. For this purpose, we use the GPS scintillation receivers at Ny-Ålesund and Skibotn, operated by the University of Oslo. The presence of the auroral particle precipitation and polar cap patches was determined by using data from the EISCAT 42m radar on Svalbard. The optical aurora observations in 557.7 and 630.0 nm spectrum lines on Svalbard were used as well for the detection of ionospheric disturbances. The cusp identification was done with using SuperDARN (Hankasalmi) data. We consider events when the simultaneous EISCAT 42m and GPS data were available for the years 2010–2017, and in this paper we present, in detail, typical examples describing the overall picture, and we present the statistics for 120 events. We considered the dayside/cusp precipitation, substorm precipitation, daytime and nighttime PCPs, and precipitation associated with the interplanetary shock wave arrival. We demonstrate that substorm-associated precipitation (even without PCPs) can lead to a strong GPS phase (σϕ) scintillations up to ∼ 1.5–3 radians, which is much stronger than those usually produced by other types of considered ionosphere disturbances. The value of the substorm-phase scintillations in general correlate with the value of the geomagnetic field disturbance. But sometimes even a small geomagnetic substorm, when combined with the PCPs, produces quite strong phase scintillations. Cusp phase scintillations are lower than dayside PCPs scintillations. PCPs can lead to stronger ROT (rate of total electron content) variations than other types of ionosphere disturbances. So our observations suggest that the substorms and PCPs, being different types of the high-latitude disturbances, lead to the development of different types and scales of ionospheric irregularities.

Validity of Case-Control Studies to Estimate Benefits from Cancer Screening

Background: Observational studies are increasingly used to estimate the effectiveness of cancer screening. However, the validity of such studies remains uncertain. Methods: 98,678 individuals were included in the Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention trial, a randomized sigmoidoscopy screening trial. We used the trial data and designed case-control studies nested among individuals randomized to sigmoidoscopy and compared the results with those from intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses to test the validity of the case-control design to estimate screening effect on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, and all-cause mortality. We analyzed the case-control studies with the following methodologies: The logistic regression method, where we adjusted for self-selection in multivariable regression models including age, sex, comorbidity, socioeconomics and ethnicity; and the self-selection method where we adjusted for self-selection by different unscreened groups: regional - and national reference population. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00119912. Findings: In intention-to-treat analysis of the randomized trial, sigmoidoscopy screening reduced colorectal cancer mortality by 19% (relative risk (RR) 0.81; 95% CI 0.67-0.99). When the same data were analyzed with a case-control design, the reductions varied between 44% (RR 0.56; 95% CI 0.33-0.97) and 67% (odds ratio (OR) 0.33; 95% CI 0.22-0.51) depending on the method used. While the intention-to-treat analysis showed no screening benefit on all-cause mortality (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.97-1.03), the case-control studies suggested a benefit between 22% (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.71-0.85) and 57% (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.39-0.45) depending on the method used. Interpretation: Observational studies may overestimate the benefits of cancer screening and should therefore not guide screening policies. Clinical Trials: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00119912 Funding: The study received intramural funding from the University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital. No external funding was provided. Declaration of Interest: None to declare. Ethical Approval: The NORCCAP trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of South-East Norway (project ID S-98052) and the Norwegian Data Protection Authority (Project ID 98/1408). The current study was approved by the NORCCAP steering committee.

Curation by the Living Dead: Exploring the Legacy of Norwegian Museums' Colonial Collections

ABSTRACT While the history of Norwegian museum acquisitions and collection formation has long been a topic of research, the extent to which colonial structures are still embedded in various Norwegian collecting institutions is seldom addressed. In this paper, we discuss the legacy of colonial collections in Norway through two case studies; Inge Heiberg’s collection of Congo ethnographica in various exhibitions at the University of Oslo’s Museum of Cultural History from the early 1900s to the present; and the Norwegian Kon-Tiki Museum’s initiative to repatriate human remains and other material excavated by Thor Heyerdahl on Rapa Nui in the 1950s. Presenting two cases that have been promoted as attempts at decolonisation – apparent “best practice” scenarios – we ask how the collections of Heiberg and Heyerdahl are used in current research and representations, and discuss whether the exhibiting and repatriation of the collections represent a continuation of, rather than break from colonial museum practice. We argue that attempts to revise current exhibition practices and research agendas prove consistently difficult. We conclude that in their very different ways, the cases illustrate that museums are effectively trapped in their collections. Heyerdahl and Heiberg still have the privilege of being curators of their collections.

Extraction of first permanent molars severely affected by molar incisor hypomineralisation: a retrospective audit

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate possible spontaneous space closure after extraction of first permanent molars in children and their eventual need for orthodontic treatment.MethodsTwenty-seven children with at least one first permanent molar planned for extraction were enrolled in the study. The children were referred to the Department of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Oslo, between 2009 and 2017. All extracted teeth were severely affected by Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation and/or caries. The children and their parents had consented to extraction and follow-up. Data were analysed with SPSS 26.ResultsThe age of the children was between 5.5 and 12.1 years (mean 8.7) at extraction. The mean follow-up time was 3.2 years (range 1.1–6.3). Sixteen children (59.3%) had all four molars extracted, five (18.5%) had three, five had two and one had one molar extracted. In the maxilla, the second permanent molar had erupted in the place of the first molar in all the children, and none of them needed orthodontic space closure. In the mandible, eight children (29.6%) needed orthodontic treatment to close the spaces after extraction. In three children, the second molar was not yet erupted and treatment need was not settled.ConclusionExtraction of severely affected first permanent molars before the eruption of the second molar is a treatment option causing little additional treatment in the majority of cases.

Morten Harboe (1929‐2021), one of the founders of Scandinavian Journal of Immunology

Morten Harboe (1929‐2021), one of the founders of Scandinavian Journal of Immunology

Jacob B. Natvig (1934‐2021), one of the founders of Scandinavian Journal of Immunology

Jacob B. Natvig (1934‐2021), one of the founders of Scandinavian Journal of Immunology

«Å ALLTID VILLE NOE – En beretning om immunologiprofessor Jacob Birger Natvigs liv og virke» by Per E.Hem, 283 pages, 2021. www.kolofon.no ISBN: 978‐82‐300‐2181‐1

English title freely translated: ‘The energetic doer—A biography of the professor in immunology Jacob B. Natvig’ This Norwegian biography about Jacob B. Natvig is an interesting story of his life and adventure over 86 years. The book has been authored by Per E. Hem who has a track record of writing biographies of prominent Norwegian politicians and community builders. Natvig, one of the true pioneers in immunology in Scandinavia, died peacefully in his home on 2 April 2021, about the time when this book was published. Not only was Natvig a well-respected scientist but also a person with an inspiring and dedicated personality. The book gives the background of his career where Natvig already in the 1970s became a well-respected scientist in immunology. Further, it presents the story of one of the lasting legacies of Scandinavian immunology when Natvig together with Morten Harboe founded the Scandinavian Journal of Immunology in 1972, with Scandinavian collaborators Gunnar Bendixen, Olli Mäkelä and Hans Wigzell. The establishment of the journal was at the very right moment when immunology rapidly developed. In 1989, Natvig was elected president of the International Union of the Immunological Societies (IUIS) where he made a major effort for immunology in the developing countries. Natvig has been ambitious, but not really followed a strait career path. Rather, his dedication was that ‘the road was developed while walking’. In 1966, he did his postdoc with one of the world’s most famous immunologists—Henry G. Kunkel—at the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research in New York. This close collaboration had a major impact on Natvig’s future career in immunology at a high international level. When he arrived back to Norway in 1967, he became chief physician and the first head of the newly developed research institute of immunology and rheumatology (IGRI) at the National Hospital in Oslo, at that time only 32 years old. His subsequent career involved also an 8-year period as director of the National Hospital between 1978 and 1986, a period characterized as very demanding but exciting regarding development in several medical fields. After this, he went back to science and then as professor of immunology at the University of Oslo. This biography about Jakob Natvig is an outstanding story of an immensely energetic and engaged person, and dedicated representative for the entire field of immunology in a global perspective. In all, we can follow his career as one of the key pioneers of immunology and clinical immunology in Scandinavia. The value of his dedicated international engagement should not be underestimated, not the least within the IUIS. All in all, he was not only a dedicated leader and an inspirer but also a warm-hearted personality with a passion for his work and field. The book can be highly recommended for those who master one of the Scandinavian languages. It is easy to read and should also be of interest not only for immunologists.