University Of Notre Dame Research Articles

Extending the research orientation and agenda for international and comparative studies in Catholic education

This article contributes to a discussion about building a research agenda for the international and comparative study of Catholic education. Globally, the Catholic Church’s work in education represents by far the largest civil society organisation running schools and an institution of enormous historical and persistent importance in the shaping of school systems throughout the world. Yet it has been studied far too little, and so remains relatively invisible and ignored in many circles. In this essay we offer orientating considerations about the field of research on Catholic education before delving into an analysis of how to strengthen and reorient this work. Drawing upon this analysis, we share a proposed research agenda that is guiding our efforts at the University of Notre Dame, and elsewhere and discuss ideas for advancing the field.

Ion dissociation in aqueous 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chlorides and the impact of microstructure formation

ABSTRACTWe study ion dissociation in four aqueous 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([amim][Cl]) (where a = alkyl) ionic liquids (ILs) focusing on the effects of microstructure formation. We calculate ion dissociation using precise density, viscosity, and ionic conductivity measurements taken in this work as well as values reported by Rogac et al. (M. Bešter-Rogač, M. V. Fedotova, S.E. Kruchinin, and M. Klähn, Mobility and association of ions in aqueous solutions: The case of imidazolium based ionic liquids, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18, 28594–28605 (2016); R. Toma, A. Tot, J. Kuhar, and M. Be, Interactions in aqueous solutions of imidazolium chloride ionic liquids [C n mim][Cl] (n=0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8) from volumetric properties, viscosity B-coefficients and molecular dynamics simulations, 254, 267–271 (2018)) in conjunction with our estimation framework presented previously (O. Nordness, L.D. Simoni, M.A. Stadtherr, and J.F. Brennecke, Characterization of Aqueous 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Ionic Liquids for Calculation of Ion Dissociation, J. Phys. Chem. B 123, 1348–1358 (2019); L.D. Simoni, Predictive Modeling of Fluid Phase Equilibria for Systems Containing Ionic Liquids (University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 2009)). We first consider ion dissociation at dilute IL concentrations below the critical aggregate concentrations . We introduce a combined Stokes radii term calculated from limiting molar conductivity data, which more accurately estimates ion dissociation in dilute IL systems than radii estimated from a group contribution method. Incorporating the new radii term in the existing model, we study ion dissociation across a wide IL concentration range. Even if prior knowledge of aggregation were not available, as is the case for aqueous [amim][Cl] systems, aggregation is apparent from this analysis because the increased viscous forces of microstructure formation lead to unrealistic estimates of ion dissociation.

James T. Traxler

James T. Traxler, 89, died on Feb. 11 in Evanston, Illinois. “Jim nurtured a serious interest in chemistry and ended up helping teach his own chemistry courses during high school. He married the love of his life, Gabrielle Traxler, in 1956. Together, they raised their five children while he worked as a research chemist and Gabrielle worked as an art librarian. He had a fabulous streak of humor. He was always using his skills and inventiveness to build and fix things while his children were growing up. He loved camping with his family during the summer, instilling in his children his love for the beauty of the outdoors. In retirement, he took up writing, play reading, and classical guitar and continued his lifelong political activism.”—family of James Traxler Most recent title: Senior scientist, Sandoz Crop Protection Education: BS, chemistry, St. John’s University, 1951; PhD, chemistry, University of Notre Dame, 1956

Development of the St. Benedict Paul Trap at the Nuclear Science Laboratory

There are various tests of the Standard Model aimed at probing new physics. One such test is to check the unitarity of the Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Masakawa matrix, with the most precise result given by the normalization of the top row. The precision of this result is limited by the uncertainty of the Vud and Vus elements. The most precise result for Vud is currently derived from the ensemble of superallowed 0+ → 0+ nuclear β decays, but the determination from other transitions is desirable to check theoretical calculations and the potential presence of unknown systematic contributions. Other candidates include neutron decay, pion decay, and the ensemble of nuclear mirror decays. While the neutron and pion decay present their own unique experimental challenges, the group of mirror decays require the precise determination of the Fermi to Gamow-Teller mixing ratio. This value can be extracted from a measurement of the β-ν angular correlation parameter, αβν, which is currently only known for five mirror decays. A new ion trapping system, St. Benedict (Superallowed Transition Beta-Neutrino Decay-Ion-Coincidence Trap), to be located in the Nuclear Science Laboratory at the University of Notre Dame is currently under construction and will ultimately aim to extract αβν for more mirror decays. The focus of this work is on simulations that will guide the design of the Paul trap which will be used for the measurement.

First-Year Students and the Framework: Using Topic Modeling to Analyze Student Understanding of the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education

Abstract
 Objective – The Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education has generated a significant amount of discussion among academic librarians; however, few have discussed the potential impact on learning when students interact directly with the Framework itself. At the University of Notre Dame, over 1,900 first-year students completed an information literacy assignment in their required first-year experience course. Students read a condensed version of the Framework, then wrote a response discussing how a frame of their choosing was reflected in an assigned reading. The goal of this exploratory study was to determine if the students demonstrated an understanding of the themes and concepts in the Framework based on this assignment.
 Methods – Topic modeling, a method for discovering topics contained in a corpus of text, was used to explore the themes that emerged in the students’ responses to this assignment and assess the degree to which they connect to frames in the Framework. The model receives no information about the Framework prior to the analysis; it only uses the students’ words to form topics.
 Results – The responses formed several topics that are recognizable as related to the frames from the Framework, suggesting that students were able to engage effectively and meaningfully with the language of the Framework. Because the topic model does not know anything about the Framework, the fact that the responses formed topics that are recognizable as frames suggests that students internalized the concepts in the Framework well enough to express them in their own writing.
 Conclusion – This research provides insight regarding the impact that the Framework may have on student understanding of information literacy concepts.

Birth Centenary of Anil Kumar Ganguly (1918–1988)

The Atomic Energy Programme in India under Dr Homi Jehangir Bhabha, during its evolution, had the advantage of the professional expertise of several experts. Among them, hardly a few took indelible, firm strides, as Dr Anil Kumar Ganguly did. He was an environmentalist to the core and a born teacher. The contributions of Ganguly to the setting up of the multi-disciplinary health physics sciences will be remembered for ever. Anil Kumar Ganguly was the person whom Homi Bhabha selected from his successful academic perch in radiation chemistry at the University of Notre Dame in USA, where Ganguly was a research associate and colleague of Prof. Magee. His pioneering work there had led to the famous Ganguly–Magee theory.

The Right of Publicity: Worth a Closer Look in the Classroom

Journal of Legal Studies EducationVolume 36, Issue 2 p. 237-279 Article The Right of Publicity: Worth a Closer Look in the Classroom Tonia Hap Murphy, Tonia Hap Murphy Teaching Professor, Mendoza College of Business, University of Notre Dame. I thank Patrick D. Murphy for comments on this article and unending encouragement, and Eileen Murphy for guidance on social media issues.Search for more papers by this author Tonia Hap Murphy, Tonia Hap Murphy Teaching Professor, Mendoza College of Business, University of Notre Dame. I thank Patrick D. Murphy for comments on this article and unending encouragement, and Eileen Murphy for guidance on social media issues.Search for more papers by this author First published: 07 August 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/jlse.12094 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume36, Issue2Summer 2019Pages 237-279 RelatedInformation

Spin-Based Reconfigurable Logic for Power- and Area-Efficient Applications

Editor’s note: This article proposes a reconfigurable logic family comprised of spin-based devices that may be dynamically configured/reconfigured owing the versatility of the giant spin-Hall effect (GSHE) device. A GSHE device can be used to realize numerous Boolean logic functions, and the proposed spin-based polymorphic logic has the potential to be extremely area efficient. —Michael Niemier, University of Notre Dame

Gnotobiotics: Past, present and future.

Gnotobiotics or gnotobiology is a research field exploring organisms with a known microbiological state. In animal research, the development of gnotobiotics started in the late 19th century with the rederivation of germ-free guinea pigs. Cutting-edge achievements were accomplished by scientists in the Laboratories of Bacteriology at the University of Notre Dame (LOBUND). The primary goals of gnotobiotics were not only the development of the equipment required for long-term husbandry but also phenotypic characterization of germ-free animals. The first isolators were designed by Reynolds and Gustafsson as rigid-wall stainless steel autoclave-like chambers, which were subsequently replaced by Trexler's flexible-film polyvinyl plastic isolators. Flexible-film or semi-rigid isolators are commonly used today. The long-term maintenance of gnotobiotic rodents is performed in positive-pressure isolators. However, to facilitate gnotobiotic experimental procedures, short-term husbandry systems have been developed. Gnotobiotic animal husbandry is laborious and requires experienced staff. Germ-free animals can be rederived from existing rodent colonies by hysterectomy or embryo transfer. The physiology and anatomy of germ-free rodents are different from those of specified pathogen-free (SPF) rodents. Furthermore, to guarantee gnotobiotic status, the colonies need to be regularly microbiologically monitored. Today, gnotobiotics provides a powerful tool to analyse functional effects of host-microbe interactions, especially in complex disease models. Gnotobiotic models combined with 'omics' approaches will be indispensable for future advances in microbiome research. Furthermore, these approaches will contribute to the development of novel therapeutic targets. In addition, regional or national gnotobiotic core facilities should be established in the future to support further applications of gnotobiotic models.

Court orders university to allow student to sit for final exams

Case name: Doe v. University of Notre Dame, No. 3:17CV298 (N.D. Ind. 05/08/17).

Testing the weak interaction using St. Benedict at the University of Notre Dame

The Standard Model of physics provides a description of matter in the universe, but fails to reproduce many unexplained features, such as neutrino oscillations and the matter-antimatter asymmetry. One avenue to constrain physics beyond the Standard Model is via the precise determination of the Vud matrix element of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix from the ft-value of superallowed mixed beta-decay transitions. Such tests however require the determination of the Fermi to Gamow-Teller mixing ratio, which is currently unknown for all but five mixed mirror transition nuclei. At the University of Notre Dame a project is underway to develop a Paul trap devoted to the measurement of this elusive quantity. The design and goals will be presented.

First off-line tests and performance of the Notre Dame multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer

A multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MR-TOF) will be a critical component for quickly removing radioactive contaminants produced at the future “N = 126 factory” addition to ATLAS at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). This unique thermalized ion beam facility will employ multi-nucleon transfer reactions to produce very neutron-rich isotopes relevant to the astrophysical r-process. Ion beams produced at this facility will include isobaric contaminants, while precision measurements of such rare isotopes typically require highly purified samples. Hence, to tackle this issue an MR-TOF has been built and commissioned at the University of Notre Dame in an off-line test setup comprising a thermionic source and a Bradbury-Nielsen gate (BNG) to create the ions bunches to be purified. Resolving power above 30,000, with a corresponding efficiency of 35%, has been achieved. Most of the ion beam losses could be the result of the large radial divergence of ion bunches produced by the BNG, hence greater efficiency and resolving power are expected once the MR-TOF is connected to an radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) cooler and buncher at ANL.

Stopped, bunched beams for the TwinSol facility

Tests of the unitarity of the Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Masakawa (CKM) matrix offer an important avenue for constraining the Standard Model of the electroweak interaction. Several methods are currently used to determine Vud, the largest element in the top-row normalization test. One such method is through the study of superallowed T = 1/2 mixed mirror transitions, which offers a complementary method to the current most-precise value that is determined from superallowed pure Fermi 0+ → 0+ transitions. The precision currently achievable by this method is currently limited by the very low number of transitions for which the Fermi-to-Gamow-Teller mixing ratio ρ has been measured. St. Benedict, the Superallowed Transition Beta-Neutrino Decay-Ion-Coincidence Trap, is currently under development at the University of Notre Dame’s Nuclear Science Laboratory, and intends to determine ρ for a range of new isotopes through measurements of the β-neutrino asymmetry parameter aβν using a linear Paul trap. In order to trap these ions, the fast, continuous secondary beam separated by the TwinSol twin solenoid separator must be thermalized and bunched. The system through which this will be done will feature a large-volume gas cell in which the ions will be thermalized, a double-RF-funnel-based ion guide system for the extraction of the ions, and a radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) to provide cooled ion bunches for capture in the Paul trap.

Plasma-Assisted Control of Supersonic Flow over a Compression Ramp

This study considers the effect of an electric discharge on the flow structure near a 19.4° compression ramp in Mach-2 supersonic flow. The experiments were conducted in the supersonic wind tunnel SBR-50 at the University of Notre Dame. The stagnation temperature and pressure were varied in a range of 294–600 K and 1–3 bar, respectively, to attain various Reynolds numbers ranging from 5.3 × 105 to 3.4 × 106 based on the distance between the exit of the Mach-2 nozzle and the leading edge of the ramp. Surface pressure measurements, schlieren visualization, discharge voltage and current measurements, and plasma imaging with a high-speed camera were used to evaluate the plasma control authority on the ramp pressure distribution. The plasma being generated in front of the compression ramp shifted the shock position from the ramp corner to the electrode location, forming a flow separation zone ahead of the ramp. It was found that the pressure on the compression surface reduced almost linearly with the plasma power. The ratio of pressure change to flow stagnation pressure was also an increasing function of the ratio of plasma power to enthalpy flux, indicating that the task-related plasma control effectiveness ranged from 17.5 to 25.

Case study on the use of Comsol Multiphysics for undergraduate aeroacoustic research

The aerodynamic drag imposed by acoustic liners for commercial aircraft is a growing area of research. With the next generation of aircraft being designed for quietness and fuel-efficiency, this is expected to be a continued hot topic for the foreseeable future. There is substantial motivation to use computational techniques to evaluate the acoustic liner system, but the finite element analysis tools necessary are often inaccessible to undergraduates. Many of the mechanical engineering students at the University of Hartford learn the basics of COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software through their coursework in fluid mechanics, and this study aims to leverage this skill into more advanced research. As part of a senior capstone project, a pair of University of Hartford undergraduates will be using COMSOL to determine the acoustic impedance for various liner types and assess methods of determining the skin friction coefficient of the liner. These results will be compared to experimental work conducted over the last few years at the University of Notre Dame and NASA Langley Research Center. Experimental results, including direct drag and more detailed flow measurements, will be presented along with the computational results from COMSOL and a reflection on the ease of use for undergraduate researchers.

Resolving the discrepancy in the half-life of F20

We report a new precision half-life measurement of $^{20}\mathrm{F}$, performed using the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-counting station of the University of Notre Dame's Nuclear Science Laboratory. The measured half-life of $11.0160{(41)}_{\text{stat}}{(155)}_{\text{sys}}$ s resulting from this work will help resolve the longstanding discrepancy between two earlier sets of high-precision half-life measurements.

About This Issue

About This Issue David J. Endres Historians have paid significant attention to early to mid-nineteenth century Catholic immigration to the United States, yet, the number of Catholic immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century far surpassed the earlier waves. Catholic immigrants from Germany and Ireland were increasingly joined by Italian, Polish, Hungarian and Mexican arrivals by the late 1800s. More recently, Catholic immigration has shifted again with rising numbers of Latino and Asian immigrants. This issue provides several studies of the "new immigrants," focusing on specific immigrant groups, their relationship to the Church, and their experiences in the U.S. from the late nineteenth century to today. Timothy Matovina is a professor of theology at the University of Notre Dame. He has also served for many years as one of the consulting editors of U.S. Catholic Historian. Felicia Moralez, a recent graduate from the doctoral program in United States history at the University of Notre Dame, wrote her dissertation on the Mexican diaspora in the industrial Midwest. Her contribution to this issue is drawn from her doctoral research. Anita Casavantes Bradford is associate professor of history and Chicano/Latino studies at the University of California Irvine. Simon C. Kim, a priest of the Diocese of Orange, California, is the director of intercultural initiatives at the Jesuit School of Theology at Santa Clara University–Berkeley Campus in Berkeley, California. Tuan Hoang is assistant professor of Great Books and history at Pepperdine University, Malibu, California. Todd Scribner is an independent researcher living in Washington, D.C. Gerald A. Arbuckle, S.M., is co-director of Refounding and Pastoral Development in Sydney, Australia. [End Page i] Copyright © 2019 The Catholic University of America Press

About This Issue

About This Issue Nicholas Rademacher, Co-editor In this issue’s cover essay, Margaret M. McGuinness (La Salle University) commemorates the 300th anniversary of the death of St. John Baptist de la Salle by reflecting on the legacy and contemporary significance of Lasallian higher education in the United States. Michael A. Skaggs (University of Notre Dame) presents the interlocking history of Catholics’ response to the Second Vatican Council and the Civil Rights Movement through a study of developments in the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. He argues that the two must be read together. He illustrates the tension between a desire to maintain the status quo and progressive efforts to promote racial justice in both church and state. Susan Bigelow Reynolds (Emory University) brings to our attention the implications of contemporary communion ecclesiology for racial justice in the church. She argues that the current, dominant paradigm of communion ecclesiology fails to account for diversity in twenty-first parish communities because it posits a unity that does not actually exist. As a counterpoint, drawing on the work of Jamie T. Phelps, Elizabeth A. Johnson, and M. Shawn Copeland, Reynolds offers the retrieval of a feminist and womanist communion ecclesiology that emphasizes liberation and solidarity across difference. Their vision of communion, she holds, can serve as a valuable resource in responding to the lived diversity of Catholic parish life in the United States today. In the second installment of our ongoing “Forgotten Classics” feature, Anthony E. Clark (Whitworth University) reintroduces readers to the longstanding cultural influence and contemporary significance of John Wu’s Beyond East and West; Philip Gleason (University of Notre Dame) revisits three items with historiographical significance and invites further investigation into the way mid-century U.S. church historians understood their task; and Joseph Romano (Cabrini University) reflects on his unexpected reappraisal of Myles Connolly’s Mr. Blue some six decades removed from his initial reading of the novel. American Catholic Studies closes its 130th volume with this issue. We are grateful to our authors, reviewers, and readers for their support of the journal this year and over the more than a century that the journal has been in print. [End Page i] Copyright © 2019 American Catholic Historical Society

Leakage Current and Static Power Analysis of TFET 8T-SRAM Cell

Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) is primarily used for design of upper-level memories such as registers and caches due to its speed and reliability. The Gallium-Nitride (GaN) TFET[1] designed by Notre Dame University has a sub-threshold slope closer to 30mV/decade. It operates at 0.6V and has lower static leakage when compared to its’ CMOS counterparts. These properties make TFETs a favourable choice for the design of SRAM cells. This paper focuses on the design, verification and analysis of an 8-transistor (8T) SRAM by cell using the Notre Dame University’s 20nm GaN TFET device

Back to the Past

Back to the Past Jeraldine R. Kraver To begin our story: publication of The CEA Critic, originally The Newsletter of the College English Association, began in 1939, a few months after the CEA was founded in December 1938. Meanwhile, for its first 30 years, the CEA met for its conference alongside its older and more established sibling, the Modern Language Association (MLA). However, in 1970, the CEA Board of Directors decided that the distinctions between the two organizations were important enough that the CEA would go its own way and sponsor an annual gathering all by itself. In his "pastoral" letter to the membership, published in The Critic (32.6), new President Edward Huberman announced, "Let me begin with the exciting venture which will launch us into the 70's with a fresh measure of independence. For the first time in its history, CEA will hold a national meeting away from the MLA." He added, "The CEA of the 70's would move in new directions and assert its integrity and independence." In that spirit, the CEA met for the first time at the University of Notre Dame on April 24 and 25, 1970. The theme for the conference was, appropriately, "Contemporary Relevance and the Teaching of Literature." The success of the CEA's inaugural meeting was affirmed in the May 1970 issue of The Critic (32.8). There, in a letter titled, "Thoughts on CEA's Notre Dame Meeting," Paul Schlueter, from the University of Evansville, affirmed that the CEA's decision to free itself from the MLA was "a wise one." In his review of the meeting, he singles out the presence of "radically minded, usually younger, teachers concerned primarily with arousing the study of literature from its torpor and into the fray for ethnic studies, women's rights, and political dedication." Highly visible among these young radicals, Schlueter notes, were a number of women who. he describes as especially forthright in their expressions of urgency in the profession's solving (or at least becoming aware of) such thorny problems as hiring women on the same prejudice-free basis as hiring men. On several occasions, a rather tactless and embarrassing letter from a male department chairman was read and discussed, with the CEA deploring such prejudicial actions in a unanimous vote. The same radicalism that inspired the first step away from the MLA in 1938 was clearly alive and well three decades later. (Gotta love the CEA!) [End Page vii] This past spring, the CEA Conference convened, just as it had a half-century previously, this time in New Orleans, where participants celebrated far more than the organization's longevity. At the heart of the gathering was an affirmation of what drives each member of the CEA, which is that there is no teaching without scholarship and no scholarship without teaching. The conference's theme, "Vision and Revision," offered an opportunity to look backwards and well as forwards, and the results did not disappoint. At the President's Forum, for example, no fewer than five former Executive Directors reflected on the place of the CEA in English studies. And, whereas many of the papers and panels focused on the work of canonical American and British writers, an equal number investigated the work of new and global voices and alternative genres. On Thursday, one could hear a paper on Dickens's Bleak House at 11:00 a.m. and another on A. K. Summers' graphic memoir, Pregnant Butch: Nine Long Months Spent in Drag, at 3:15 that same afternoon. The Program Overview is all one needed to see the organization's inclusiveness in action: panels focused on traditional areas of language and literature, composition and rhetoric, and pedagogy as well as newer fields in our discipline, including Disability and Trauma Studies and Visual and Material Culture. Young scholars, too, were far from ignored, with the Karen Lentz Madison Award acknowledging papers presented by adjunct or contingent faculty and the Outstanding Graduate Student Paper Award honoring scholars-in-training. The pages of these Proceedings reflect the spirit of the 50th annual conference. As has been the case since our first Proceedings issue in 2012, the process of collecting and...