University Of Kufa Research Articles

Effect of Type and Concentration of Organic Acids on Soil Bacteria Growth

The study was carried out at the University of Kufa - College of Agriculture for the season 2023-2022 to study the effect of the type and concentration of organic acids on the growth of soil bacteria, the first experiment includes the cultivation of bacteria on optional, broth, four types of organic acids were used (Citric acid, Acetic acid, Oxalic acid, Propionic acid) in concentrations (0,25.50.75.100.150) mM factor included four types of bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter cloacae). During this experiment, the minimum inhibitory concentration of these organic acids was determined, the second experiment included planting wheat seeds of a local variety by 4-2seeds per pot and used two types of organic acids (Acetic acid, Oxalic acid) and two types of pathogenic bacteria and biological resistance (Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus subtilis). The results of the laboratory experiment showed a significant effect of organic acids in reducing the growth of bacteria, the addition of organic acids to the soil had a significant effect on the values of (Ec, PH) in the soil as oxalic acid obtained the highest rate of 6.370 dc m-1 At a concentration of 50 mM, oxalic acid obtained the highest rate of soil reaction score of 6.300 at a concentration of 75.50mM. The results indicate the significant effect of organic acids in inhibiting the total bacteria population in the soil, as oxalic acid obtained the highest rate of 106×114.3 g-1 dry soil at 50mM concentration.

The effect of spraying with amino acids and iron on some characteristics of vegetative and flowering growth of petunia

A pot experiment was conducted during the 2019-2020 season at the temporary place of the Faculty of Agriculture/ University of Kufa/ Najaf city/ Iraq to estimate the response growth and flowering of petunia hybrid to Spraying amino acids and iron. The amino acid concentrations were 0, 3, and 6 ml.l-1, and three iron concentrations were 0, 15, and 30 mg.l-1.It is clear that the interaction between amino acid {6 ml.l-1}and iron {15mg.l-1} produces an increase in vegetative and flowering characters, the number of leaves and branches, length of flowering branches, number of flowers, Flower diameter, The age of the flower in the plant & the flower content of carotene pigment increased remarkably, while amino acid {6 ml.l-1} and iron {30 mg.l-1} have significant effect on leaf chlorophyll content, and total soluble carbohydrates. Keywords: Petunia plant; amino acids; Iron; Auxins; growth; flowering.

The effect of different levels of protein and fat on dietary preference and survival of western honey bees workers, Apis mellifera L.

This study was conducted at the bee laboratory in the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Kufa to investigate the possibility of using artificial feeding with protein and fat as an alternative to pollen. The study also aimed to examine the preference of nurse honey bees for artificial feeding mixtures and their consumption compared to a sugar solution (Sucrose 1 M ), and finally to determine the effect of feeding mixtures on the lifespan of nurse bee workers. The results showed that the highest consumption rate of nurse honey bees was in the control treatment (Sucrose 1 M ) at 72.57 microliter /bee /day, while the lowest consumption rate was 27.70 microliter /bee /day in the treatment (15:1 P: F). The consumption rates in the treatments (0:1 P:F), (1:1 P: F), (5:1 P: F ), and (10:1 P: F) were 64.80, 47.24, 44.70, and 32.42 microliter /bee /day, respectively. The results also revealed that the highest survival rate was in the control treatment (Sucrose 1 M) at 96.25%, while the treatment (0:1 P: F) had the lowest survival rate at 67.50%. The survival rates in the treatments (1:1 P: F), (5:1 P: F), (10:1 P: F), and (15:1 P: F) were 81.25%, 73.75%, 83.75%, and 86.25%, respectively.

The effect of some food sources and hive products on the oriental hornet Vespa orientalis Linnaeus 1771 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

This study was carried out in the bee laboratory in the Faculty of Agriculture –University of Kufa in September 2021 to evaluate some protein sources and hive products against the oriental hornet Vespa orientalis Linnaeus 1771 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). The food sources included: beef meat, gut fish, beef lung, honeybee, wax, propolis, pollen, bee worker, and water, in addition to control which was an empty petri dish. The number of visits and their duration were calculated. The results showed that the wasps preferred bee honey and wax significantly higher than the rest of the stimuli.

Efficiency of Bacterial Biofertilizers and Spraying with Nano-Phosphates on Vegetative and Root Growth Indicators of Iris Flowers

The research was carried out at the research station of the College of Agriculture - University of Kufa during the growing season of 2022-2023 to demonstrate the effect of biofertilizers and phosphate fertilization on the growth of Iris flowers. Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azotobacter chroococcum by injecting the bacteria into the culture medium before planting the bulbs, and the second was foliar spray using superphosphate Nano-fertilizer at levels 0, 1, or 2 mg/L. The bulbs were cultivated on 10/24/2022 in a factorial experiment with three replications as Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D). Results showed that when phosphate Nano-fertilizer concentrations rose, so did indicator levels. It was also discovered that regardless of the type of bacteria used for fertilization, the results were the same: an increase in the growth markers of interest. In contrast to most Single and nested transactions, the results showed that the bacteria A. chroococcum at the treatment of P2 fertilization (2 mg/L) recorded the highest values for plant height, number of leaves, vegetative dry weight, number of bulbs, bulb diameter, and root dry weight. In comparison to other varieties of bacteria at the same stage of fertilization, however, it showed no significant differences.

The possibility of manufacturing a biocidal of Bacillus spp. and their growth on different fermented media

The study was conducted in the Molecular Biology Laboratory - Department of Plant Protection - Faculty of Agriculture - University of Kufa during 2020-2021 to evaluate the possibility of producing a biocide from Bacillus spp. B. firmus, B. cereus. and B. simplex. The results of manufacturing bionematicide from these bacteria showed that the three species did not differ in their growth on the same compost medium (palm fronds, rice residues, wheat residues), while the growth of each Bacillus spp. differed from other species on different culture media. The palm frond medium, regardless of the type of bacteria, was the least favorable and did not support many bacterial populations, and allowed no more than 83*108 CFU. Whereas the bacterial colonies ranged from 219*108 CFU to 254*108 CFU on fermented wheat residues, with a slight difference from rice residues, which led to bacterial colonies of 198*108 CFU to 214*108 CFU. In the case of carriers used for the biocide, preparation using sand was always better than with calcium sulfate. The effect of packing materials (plastic bags, paper bags, or plastic containers) on the efficiency and vitality of bacteria in the biocide content was also evaluated. It is noted that the highest bacterial colonies, which ranged from 267 to 253 *108 CFU, in the case of using plastic containers significantly differed from storing in paper bags (233-230*108 CFU) and plastic bags (235 -216 *108 CFU), after 15 days of storage in laboratory conditions. However, the viability and effectiveness of the prepared biocide decreased with the increase of storage periods to 30, 60, and 90 days, regardless of the type of bacteria.

Effect of Water Stress and Selenium Spraying on Vegetative and Yield Indicators of Garlic Allium sativum L.

A field trial was carried out at the research station of the Faculty of Agriculture - University of Kufa, Iraq, during the growing season in September 2022 to evaluate the effect of water stress and spraying with selenium on the growth and yield of garlic. Three irrigation levels (100%, 80%, and 60%) of the water required for garlic and three concentrations of selenium (0, 10, and 20) mg.L-1. A strip-plot system was set up within a randomized complete block design with three replicates, where irrigation levels were placed in the main plots and selenium concentrations were designated in the subplots. Plant height, number of leaves, total chlorophyll content, shoot dry weight, number of cloves, bulb weight, and bulb yield were recorded as the agro-physiological traits. Furthermore, analysis of variance exhibited significant differences between both factors and their interactions for all traits measured. The results showed significant differences in all the aforementioned traits when irrigation levels were reduced from 100% to 60% of the water requirement. Spraying selenium at 20 mg.L-1 achieved the highest values in most of the above-mentioned characteristics in comparison with the absolute control, which gave the lowest values. The interaction treatment (100% watering + 20 mg.L-1 selenium) provided the highest mean for plant height, number of leaves, number of cloves, bulb weight, and yield compared with the other treatments.

Effect of Mushroom Agaricus bisporus on the Biodegradation of Agricultural Residues and the Quality of the Resulting Compost

This study was conducted in 2022 in the laboratories of the College of Agriculture / University of Kufa, and aimed to use various agricultural residues to grow the mushroom Agaricus bisporus, in addition to using the same plant residues as biological fertilizers for plant growth. It was found that the growth medium prepared from wheat straw led to the best radial growth rate of white mushroom A. bisporus, after 6 days of inoculation, followed by rice straw and rice husks media. The results showed that the vegetative growth of A. bisporus is not pathogenic to the seeds of cress, wheat and barley and did not cause the seed rot. The results showed that there was an increase in the percentage of protein, fiber and chitinase enzyme in wheat straw decomposed by the mushrooms compared to the normal straw not treated with mushrooms. The antagonism of edible mushroom A. bisporus with a number of pathogenic fungi was tested on P.S.A. It was found that mushrooms had a high antagonism that of level 2 according to the Bell scale against the pathogenic fungi Alternaria sp, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp and Fusarium solani, and of level 3 against Aspergillus niger, after 5 days of growth on the medium.

Effect of Fermented Wheat Residues with Agaricus bisporus and Spraying Potassium and Boron on Growth and Yield of Cucurbita Squash.

The College of Agriculture / University of Kufa’s Agricultural Research Station conducted a field experiment in 2022 to determine the effects of fertilizing with Agaricus bisporus fungus residues and spraying shoots with potassium and boron on squash plant Cucurbita pepo hybrid cultivar Squash Ahmed F1’s vegetative growth and yield. The experiment had two variables. Initial factors included The first factor is adding vegetable residues fermented (organic matter) at 0, 1, 2 grams. Plant 1. Second, it involved spraying three concentrations of potassium, boron, and their combination on vegetative growth. The experiment used a factorial design (3 × 4) with R.C.B.D. and three replications, totaling 36 experimental units. After an ANOVA, the averages were compared using the least significant difference test. With 0.05 probability. The study found that 1 g of fungal residue in fertilization was effective. Spraying at a K and P concentration of led to in increasing the vegetative growth characteristics, as the plant height and the number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight of the shoot, and the percentage of total chlorophyll, compared with control. Plant-1 was significantly affected increase in height, number of leaves, dry weight, and amount of yield.

Foliar Spray with Selenium to Mitigate the Impact of Water Stress on Chemical, Enzymatic, and Hormonal Parameters of Garlic Allium sativum L.

The current research explored the beneficial role of selenium (Se) in alleviating the negative impacts of water stress on the chemical, enzymatic, and hormonal parameters of garlic plants via manipulating chemo-physiological mechanisms. A field experiment was executed at the research station of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Iraq in September 2022 using a randomized complete block design with three replicates based on a strip-plot system. Three water levels (100%, 80%, and 60%) were set up in the whole plots while foliar application of selenium (Se) with three concentrations (0, 10, and 20) mg.L-1 were assigned to the subplots. Our findings revealed a significant increase in the leaf content of free proline acid, sulfur, and ABA, as well as an increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT when reducing irrigation levels from (100% to 60%) of the water requirement. While there was a significant decline in the plant hormones GA3 and IAA content in garlic leaves @ (60%) level of irrigation. The plants treated with foliar selenium @ (20 mg.L-1) enhanced most of the studied characteristics of garlic plants grown at different water levels. Moreover’ the full water requirement in combination with foliar Se @ (20 mg.L-1) provided the highest values of GA3 and IAA which were both comparable to the interaction treatment of water level @ (80%) and foliar Se @ (20 mg.L-1).

Preface

The Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Modern Technologies in Agricultural Sciences (4th-ICMTAS) are encompassed within this Volume. The event was organized by the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Kufa in Iraq. From September 20th to September 21st, 2023, the city of Kufa in Najaf, Iraq.The primary objective of the Conference was to facilitate the sharing of expertise among prominent specialists in the domains of high-tech geochemical, geological, geophysical, and information technologies in various sectors such as agriculture, energy, oil and gas engineering, environmental management and engineering, mining, and soil processing technologies. Additionally, the conference aimed to explore contemporary areas of biodiversity research and conservation methods for sustainable development. It also sought to examine the environmental impact of food production and sustainable systems of food technologies. Other topics of interest included agroforestry, environmental safety, green technologies, and the management of natural resources.The Conference was structured according to the following guidelines:The academic disciplines encompassed in this list include ecology, plant protection, horticulture and forest ecology, agronomy and medicinal plants, food technology and sustainability of food security, sustainability of animal production techniques, sustainability of soil and water resources, agricultural mechanization techniques, and renewable energy resources, as well as techniques of agricultural economic and social sciences.The primary objectives of the conference were to offer lecturers and researchers from across Iraq a platform to disseminate their research on an international scale, engage in discussions pertaining to technological advancements and innovative engineering solutions in the fields of farming and irrigation, and contribute to the global academic community by providing open access information on the current state of agriculture in Iraq.A total of 722 submissions were submitted by scientists and practitioners from Iraq as well as international contributors.All of the papers underwent a rigorous process of peer assessment. Consequently, a total of 542 submissions were chosen for publishing. The present proceedings provide readers with an overview of recent advancements in various areas of study, including agricultural machinery, green energy systems, biosystems engineering and waste management, digital technologies in agriculture, food storage and processing, tillage and reclamation technologies, and natural resources.The IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES) was selected as the platform for authors to publish their works in a globally recognized publication that undergoes rigorous peer review. The aforementioned statement is highly regarded by all attendees of our conference.We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Chairman, the distinguished keynote speakers, as well as all the participants. We also want to thank the publisher for publishing the proceedings. May the readers could enjoy the gain some valuable knowledge from it. We are expecting more and more experts and scholars from all over the world to join this international event next year.List of committees for 4th International Conference of Modern Technologies in Agricultural Sciences (4th-ICMTAS), Local Scientific Committee, International Scientific Committee, Organizing Committee, Media and Technical Committee, Keynote Speakers are available in the pdf.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the boiled extract, regular and nano oil of some medicinal plants and their effect on the eggs and larvae of the third phase of date moth Ephestia Cautella (Walk.) (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) in laboratory conditions

The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions, in the insect lab at the College of Science for Girls / University of Kufa in 2021.In order to test the effect of extracts, regular and nano-oil of cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicu, turmeric Curcuma longa and Elettaria cardamomum on the eggs and larvae of the third phase of date moth. Where the three nano-oils excelled on mortality eggs, where the mortality rate of eggs was 100% compared to the regular oil and the boiled extract. The nano-oils were also missed in mortality rate of the third phase larvae after 72 treatments. The Nano cinnamon oil was excelled in mortality larvae, where the mortality rate was 94.4%, compared to “turmeric nano oil and nano cardamom oil, respectively, as it reached 89.2 and 61.8% at 2% concentration.
 Keywords: plant extracts, essential oils, nano oils, Ephestia Cautella.

Effect of Application with Fungicide Fortin Pro 25 WP on Nutrients Content in Okra Fruits

Okra fruit systemicity and fungicide residues from Fortin Pro25WP were the focus of a field study done by the College of Agriculture at the University of Kufa in the years 2021 and 2022 AD. Treatment effects on okra fruit levels of the fungicides’ active ingredients were statistically significant (P0.05) for both propamocarb hydrochloride (ug/g) and metalaxyl (ug/g). The highest levels of the pesticide were found in the pesticide-only treatment, the next highest levels were found in the fungicide Fortin Pro + the bacteria A. chroococcum that contains the substance, and the lowest average levels were found in the bacteria A. chroococcum + Fortin Pro + R. solani treatment. The highest concentration occurred within the first hour after application, whereas the lowest occurred nine days later, at a concentration of 2.73 ug/g. On day nine of A. chroococcum + Fortin Pro + R. solani treatment, the pesticide residue content was the lowest. When applied to a plant that had not been inoculated with the pathogenic fungus, the fungicide Fortin Pro 25WP significantly increased the nitrogen content of the fruits. However, when applied to a plant that had been inoculated with the fungus, the fungicide significantly decreased the percentage of nitrogen (1.91%) in the fruits. In the fungicide treatment alone (without the pathogen), the fruit recorded the highest rate of phosphorus and potassium content, which was also significantly different from the fruit of the other treatments. Also, in the presence of Azotobacter chroococcum, the interaction treatment of Fortin Pro + R. solani yielded a fruit potassium percentage that was much lower than the control.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Double Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 722• Number of submissions sent for review: 700• Number of submissions accepted: 542• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 75.1• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 167• Contact person for queries: Name: Prof. Dr. Alaa E. Hasan Email: agr.conference@uokufa.edu.iq Affiliation: University of Kufa, Iraq

Response of some Growth Traits of Maize Plants to Conventional and Nano-Fertilizers

The Agricultural Research Station in the university city associated with the College of Agriculture at the University of Kufa undertook a fall 2022-2023 field experiment. The study examined the effects of zinc and iron nanoparticles at 2g.l-1 or 3g.l-1, conventional iron and zinc fertilizer at 3g.l-1, and distilled water on maize plant growth and development. A three-replication Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) factorial experiment was done. Nano-fertilization with nano-zinc at 3g.l-1 produced the best results across various vegetative development indicators. Plant height rate, stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll, nitrogen, and phosphorus content are these indicators. However, 3g.l-1 nano iron increased leaf area the highest, reaching 0.424 m2.plant-1. This treatment also produced the most rows per ear and the maximum leaf potassium concentration. In contrast, 1.5 g.L-1 traditional zinc and 1.5 gm.L-1 conventional iron fertilizer produced better vegetative growth and production. These included plant height, average stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll, and leaf elements (NPK). Additionally, 3 g.L-1 conventional iron produced the maximum leaf area. Overall, the 1.5 g.L-1 nano-zinc and 1.5 g.L-1 nano-iron fertilizer combination had higher vegetative growth rates than other combinations. However, the combination of 1 g.L-1 nano-iron and 1.5 g.L-1 nano-zinc had the maximum leaf area and potassium concentration.

Effect of Spraying with NPK Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Three Hybrids of Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme)

The experiment was carried out in one of the plastic houses of the research station of the College of Agriculture / University of Kufa for the agricultural season 2022 to demonstrate the effect of spraying with N.P.K fertilizer. Four concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 4) g.l-1 were sprayed on three hybrids of cherry tomatoes (yellow, orange, and red). plots), while the treatments for spraying with the traditional NPK fertilizer were distributed in the sub-plots, and the averages of the treatments were compared with the least significant difference at the level of probability 0.05 with three replications. The results showed that the red tomato was significantly superior to the rest of the hybrids in (plant height (cm), total number of leaves (leaf-1), leaf area (cm2, leaf-1), and total yield per unit area (mcg h-1), noting that there were no significant differences. Among the hybrids in each of the number of fruits (plant fruit-1) and the leaves content of total chlorophyll (mg 100gm-1 fresh weight), as for spraying with NPK fertilizer, the concentration of 4 gm L-1 was significantly superior to all concentrations in each of (height Plant (cm), number of total leaves (leaf-1), leaf area (cm2, leaf-1), number of fruits (fruit-1), dry weight of shoots (gm plant-1), total yield per unit area (mcg e-1) and the content of leaves of total chlorophyll (mg 100g-1 fresh weight).

Effect of Diet Fortified with Okra Powder on Blood Quality in Broiler Chickens Under Heat Stress Conditions

An experiment was conducted in the poultry farm of the Department of Animal Resources-College of Agriculture - University of Kufa for the period from 10/10/2022 to 11/13/2022. The purpose of the study was to test the effect of adding okra fruits powder or seeds to the diet on some productive traits of broiler under Daily temperature stress conditions. 360 unsexed broiler chicks, Rose 308 hybrid, one day old, with an average weight of 37 g/chick were used. The chicks were fed on three diets that are from the age of 1 day-10 days, the second diet from the age of 11 days-24 days, and the third diet from the age of 25 days-35 days. The energy level of the three diets, respectively, was 3015, 3081, 3210 kcol / kg, and the protein level was 23.11, 21.51. 19.58 The one-day old chicks were randomly divided into 6 treatments with 4 replications 15 chicks each. The treatments were T1 the control (standard diet), T2 ration with okra seed powder 5 g/Kg feed, T3 was okra seed powder by 10 g/Kg feed, T4 was with okra fruit powder by 5 g/Kg feed, T5 was okra fruit powder at 10 g/Kg of feed, and T6 ration with 5 g seed powder + 5 g of fruit powder. The results showed that adding powdered okra fruits or seeds to the chicken diet affected blood quality. Compared with the control treatment, a significant increase in the concentration of the SOD enzyme was recorded in T6, T5, and T3 treatments, a significant decrease in the concentration of MAD enzyme in all treatments, and a significant decrease in the H/L cells ratio in the chicks of the two treatments T5 and T3 compared to the control T1, as the other treatments did not differ. Most of the treatments containing okra powder recorded a significant decrease in blood glucose especially for treatment T5, with a significant difference from all treatments that differed from T1. The blood content of total protein increased in the T6, T5, T4, and T3 treatments compared to the control T1 and T2. There was a significant decrease in the concentration of uric acid for all the treatments and a higher significant decrease in blood cholesterol for T6 chicks compared to the control.

Effect of Ration Treated with Powdered Okra Seeds or Fruits on Productivity Indicators of Broilers Under Heat Stress

An experiment was conducted in the poultry farm of the Department of Animal Resources-College of Agriculture - University of Kufa for the period from 10/10/2022 to 11/13/2022. The purpose of the study was to test the effect of adding okra fruits powder or seeds to the diet on some productive traits of broiler under Daily temperature stress conditions. 360 unsexed broiler chicks, Rose 308 hybrid, one day old, with an average weight of 37 g/chick were used. The chicks were fed on three diets that are from the age of 1 day-10 days, the second diet from the age of 11 days-24 days, and the third diet from the age of 25 days-35 days. The energy level of the three diets, respectively, was 3015, 3081, 3210 kcol / kg, and the protein level was 23.11, 21.51. 19.58 The one-day old chicks were randomly divided into 6 treatments with 4 replications 15 chicks each. The treatments were T1 the control (standard diet), T2 ration with okra seed powder 5 g/Kg feed, T3 was okra seed powder by 10 g/Kg feed, T4 was with okra fruit powder by 5 g/Kg feed, T5 was okra fruit powder at 10 g/Kg of feed, and T6 ration with 5 g seed powder + 5 g of fruit powder. Findings showed that the okra seeds and fruit powder effectively increased chicks’ body weight, especially when using 10 g/Kg of the seeds powder with the diet, or when using 10 gm of the equal proportion of the fruit powder with the seed powder in the diet. Okra fruit powder was better in weight gain than okra seed powder. On the other hand, the use of a diet fortified with powdered okra fruits and seeds was effective in improving the rate of feed consumption in chicks during the experimental period.

Response of Chinese Carnation Plant, Dianthus chinensis, to Spraying with Putrescine and Roselle Extract in Growth and Flowering Indicators

The experiment was carried out in the nursery of University of Kufa during the agricultural season 2021-2022 to study the response of Chinese carnation plant to spraying with putrescine and roselle extract in growth and flowering indicators. Experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three replications. The concentrations of putrescine were 0, 50 and 100 mg l-1 and 0, 2.5 and 5 ml l-1 of roselle extract. The obtained results confirmed that spraying putrescine at a concentration of 100 mg l-1 with roselle extract at a concentration of 2.5 ml l-1 led to a significant increase in plant growth characteristics such as number of branches, the dry weight of the shoot system, the dry weight of the root system, and the content of the leaves in total soluble carbohydrates, and flowering characteristics such as inflorescence length, number of florets, diameter of the floret, the percentage of potassium (K) in the leaves, and the flower content of the anthocyanin pigment, compared to the control treatment.

Response of Matthiola Incana L. to Spraying with Amino Acids and Nano-Chelated Iron in Growth and Flowering Indicators

The experiment was carried out in the nursery of University of Kufa during the agricultural season 2021-2022 to study the response of stock plant to spraying with amino acids and nano-iron in growth and flowering indicators. experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three replications The concentrations of amino acids were 0, 1.5 and 3 ml l−1 and 0, 20 and 40 mg l−1 of nano-iron. The obtained results confirmed that spraying amino acids at a concentration of 3 ml l−1 with nano iron at a concentration of 20 mg l−1 led to a significant increase in plant height, total number of leaves, leaves content of total chlorophyll, total soluble carbohydrates, number of inflorescences, number of florets, flower diameter and inflorescence length, compared to the control treatment.