University Of Innsbruck Research Articles

Prevalence of early repolarization syndrome and long-term clinical outcome in patients with the diagnosis of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation

Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) is diagnosed in up to 14% of sudden cardiac death (SCD) survivors. Early repolarization syndrome (ERS) in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmia is characterized by an elevated J-point in inferior and/or antero-lateral leads. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of ERS in IVF patients, and to evaluate potential differences in clinical outcome. Out of 3,552 implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) carriers, 758 SCD survivors were retrospectively identified from the databases of the Medical Universities of Vienna and Innsbruck within the last three decades. Early repolarization pattern (ERP) was classified either as "notching" or "slurring". Endpoints were defined as appropriate ICD therapies for ventricular tachyarrhythmia, either anti-tachycardia pacing or shock, and all-cause mortality. After exclusion of recognized reasons for SCD, 50 patients were assigned to the diagnosis of IVF (6.6%). An ERP was identified in 10 patients, most of them with notching (n = 8). After a mean follow-up of 11.2 ± 6.7 years (539.3 patient years), appropriate ICD therapies were found in 50% of ERS and 43% of IVF patients without ERP (p = 0.732). In ERS patients, all ICD therapies were found in patients with notching pattern. Similarly, incidence of inappropriate ICD therapies, and all-cause mortality was comparable (30% vs. 23%, p = 0.707; 10% vs. 5%, p = 0.496, respectively). In 758 SCD survivors, we found a low prevalence of IVF and ERS. Similar event rates were reported concerning all-cause mortality and ICD therapies for ventricular tachyarrhythmia after long-term follow-up in this cohort.

Dr. Jörg Christoph Prinz

Jörg C. Prinz is Full Professor of Dermatology and Venereology at the Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology of the Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU) in Munich, Germany. He graduated with a medical degree from the University of Innsbruck in 1983. After one year training in internal medicine at the University clinics of Freiburg he performed five years of basic immunology research as postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Immunology of the LMU in Munich, focusing on the generation of monoclonal antibodies against cell surface molecules and the regulatory role of low-affinity IgE receptors in IgE production. He joined the Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology in 1990, where he founded the Research Group for Immunopathology. Jörg Prinz earned specialist qualifications in dermatology and venerology in 1995 and in allergology in 1996 and was appointed as Full Professor of Dermatology in 2001. His current responsibilities include being deputy chair of the Department and supervising the phototherapy unit and psoriasis center, and the serological analysis laboratory. At medical school he received several teaching awards.

Lightning accidents in the Austrian alps \u2013 a 10-year retrospective nationwide analysis

BackgroundLightning strikes are rare but potentially lethal. The risk for suffering a lightning strike in a mountain environment is unknown. The aim of this nationwide study was to analyse all lightning accidents in the Austrian Alps from 2005 to 2015, to assess the circumstances of the accident, the injury pattern as well as the outcome.MethodsFrom 2005 to 2015, data from the national Austrian Alpine Police database as well as the Clinical Information System of Innsbruck Medical University Hospital were searched for the keywords lightning injury, lightning strike, lightning as well as ICD-10 Code T75.0. Additionally, the archive data of Innsbruck Medical University Hospital was searched manually.ResultsThe Austrian Alpine Police database, containing 109.168 patients for the years 2005–2015, was screened for lightning accidents. Sixty-four patients had been hit by lightning in the Austrian Alps, 54 were male. Four persons died on scene; survival rate was 93.8%. Two deceased persons were hunters, who were killed by the same lightning strike. Sixty-three patients suffered a lightning strike while doing a recreational activity, mostly hiking (n = 55), a few hunting and only one doing occupational timberwork. Sixty-three patients suffered a lightning strike between June and August with nearly half (46.9%) of the accidents happening on a Saturday or Sunday, and mainly (95.3%) between 12:00 and 22:00 h.DiscussionPersons who perform recreational outdoor and occupational activities in an alpine environment during summer and after noon incur a higher risk of sustaining a lightning strike. The primary risk group includes young male mountaineers and hunters. The mortality rate was low.Trial registrationThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Innsbruck (AN4757 315/4.4) and retrospectively registered with Clinical Trials NCT03405467, January 19, 2018.

How to start a research lab.

As September approaches, a new cohort of junior faculty members are taking up their first positions as research group leaders. I was there 3 years ago, making career-shaping decisions—sometimes without much mentoring or support. I learned a lot in my first years—how to write a grant, manage rejection, and supervise students, to name just a few—and it was all trial by fire. Though I made it through and had some successes along the way, I certainly could have used advice about how to set up and run my lab. I've learned that my experience is the norm, which inspired me and a group of other early-career principal investigators to interview leaders in our fields about how they built successful research groups. Here are some of the lessons they shared. ![Figure][1] ILLUSTRATION: ROBERT NEUBECKER FIND YOUR NICHE. Before you even begin to interview for a faculty job, you need to decide what your lab's focus will be. You must be a pioneer, “carving out a niche for yourself that is unique, and where you'll be at the top of the heap,” says Margaret McFall-Ngai, a professor at the University of Hawaii at Manoa who was among the first to study squid-bacteria interactions. Identify how your skills intersect with the science that excites you, in the most promising uncharted territory. Plan big while identifying key publication checkpoints along the way. Your tenure case depends on it. FIND YOUR PEOPLE. Good science is done by talented people. “If you have an excellent person who wants to work with you, try to hire them at all costs, even if you have to spend the last of your money,” says Gregor Weihs, a professor of photonics at the University of Innsbruck in Austria. On the flip side, hiring the wrong people can be a real drain on the group. “Never hire just because you can,” Weihs says. Get to know prospective lab members by teaching graduate classes and taking on undergraduates for smaller projects, and use your network to find promising graduate students at other institutions. IT PAYS TO WORK TOGETHER. To secure major funding, “it's better to try and see if you can chase it together rather than all competing for the same buck,” says Melvyn Goodale, a professor of neuroscience at Western University in London, Canada, who helped form an 11-institution research consortium, the Canadian Action and Perception Network. If your goals are aligned with those of other labs, then it makes sense to work together on a joint application rather than against each other. Writing grant applications as a group can help spark new ideas, and many minds working together can increase your chance of success. Even if you don't get funded, writing a group grant can deepen your collaborative relationships for years to come. BUILD A NETWORK. To make connections when you're just starting out, you need to be your own marketing department. “It's not just doing the research; it's making it known,” says Yoshua Bengio, a professor at the University of Montreal in Canada who works on artificial intelligence. These days, a lot of networking is done online. Get on Twitter and follow your 10 favorite research labs. Look at who they follow to find more connections. Tweet about the work you publish and interesting papers you read to help people identify your niche and get to know your research brand. Finally, don't be afraid to reach out to senior faculty members to seek out mentoring, share your work, and ask for input on grant applications. Their feedback will be invaluable, and some day you will pay it forward to a new cohort of junior faculty members. There is knowledge and experience all around. You may be surprised at people's willingness to share it. [1]: pending:yes

Imperfect and Transrational Interpretations of Peace(s)

This essay was originally written in English for the conference Debates en torno a la paz imperfecta, organized by the University of Granada/Spain in May 2016 in order to honor the late Francisco A. Muñoz Muñoz, whose research in matters of peace was iconic. . The focus of the essay is the epistemological development of peace studies as an academic discipline from its structuralist and post-structuralist roots in the 20th century to its interpretations in the 21st century. It well regards the positivist approach of the Scandinavian schools, appreciates the influence of the seminal work of Adam Curle and the following generation of scholars at Bradford University in Great Britain ion continental Europe, but places emphasis on the Many Peaces approach that emerged on the one hand in Spain with the groundbreaking work of Vicent Martinez Guzman and Francisco A. Muñoz under the titles Hacer las Paces and La paz imperfecta, and the Transrational Peace Philosophy developed in the University of Innsbruck in Austria. The main focus of this essay is to discuss the differences and similarities between these current leading streams of the discipline.

Influence of Donor and Recipient Sex on the Outcome after Pancreas Transplantation

Background Several studies in solid organ transplantation have shown a correlation between gender-match and risk of graft loss. In this study we aimed to analyze the impact of donor and recipient sex on the incidence of pancreas graft loss in our cohort. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis including all pancreas transplantats performed between January 1979 and December 2016 at the Medical University of Innsbruck. After exclusion of patients with loss to follow-up, 537 patients could be included in the analysis. Median follow-up time was 116 (range 0.6 - 389) months. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Of the 537 pancreas transplantat recipients, 199 (37.1%) were female and 338 (62.9%) were male. In 290 (54%) cases a gender-matched and in 247 (46%) a gender-mismatched transplantation was performed. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significantly superior pancreas graft survival (p = 0.015) in the gender-matched group. Pancreas graft survival at 5 and 10 years was 79,9% and 63.3% in the gender-matched group compared to 68.1% and 55.9% in the mismatched group. No difference in patient survival could be observed. After division of the different donor-recipient sex constellations only the male-donor-to-male-recipient group had a significant better pancreas graft survival than the female-donor-to-male-recipient group (p = 0.019). Significantly more patients in the male-donor-to-female-recipient group lost their graft (13.2% vs. 4.9%; p=0.005) to acute rejection early after transplantation (mean 27 months). Discussion Our analysis shows that gender-matched pancreas transplantations lead to a significant better long term graft survival. Early graft loss due to acute rejection is significantly more frequent in the male-donor-to-female-recipient group. Factors, which might influence this result, are a higher recipient and lower donor age in the gender matched group.

Systematic evaluation of the early access applied biosystems precision ID Globalfiler mixture ID and Globalfiler NGS STR panels for the ion S5 system

Systematic evaluation of the early access applied biosystems precision ID Globalfiler mixture ID and Globalfiler NGS STR panels for the ion S5 system

Eddy-covariance flux measurements in an Italian deciduous forest using PTR-ToF-MS, PTR-QMS and FIS

ABSTRACTA field campaign in a deciduous forest in Ispra, Italy, was performed by the Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy, together with University of Innsbruck, Austria, in 2013, using PTR-ToF-MS (proton transfer reaction – time-of-flight – mass spectrometry), PTR-QMS (proton transfer reaction – quadrupole mass spectrometry), FIS (fast isoprene sensor) and other instrumentations. The main purpose of the campaign was to measure volatile organic carbon (VOC). One of the outcomes of this investigation was the comparison between the three VOC measurement techniques, focusing on the VOC-flux values that could be measured, VOC-volume-mixing-ratio (VOC-VMR) values that could be measured, the number of VOCs identified/measured, and finally if any oxidation products from the primary emitted VOC could be identified/measured. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that these three techniques have been used simultaneously during a campaign in a forest, and the comparison of the three techniques is presented in details (PTR-ToF-MS, PTR-QMS and FIS). It was concluded that the isoprene data generated by the three instruments were in good agreement. With PTR-ToF-MS, the following main results were achieved during the summer campaign 2013: The VMR of isoprene was measured up to 16 ppb; large fluxes of isoprene with values up to 53 nmol m−2 s−1 by PTR-ToF-MS; mean diurnal (24 h) averages of VMR of isoprene of (1.07 ± 0.53) ppb and mean diurnal (24 h) flux of isoprene of (5.20 ± 2.42) nmol m−2 s−1. For the isoprene oxidation products methyl-vinyl-ketone/methacrolein (MVK/MACR), VMRs of (0.42 ± 0.22) ppb were measured as a mean diurnal (24 h) average. Mean diurnal (24 h) flux of MVK/MACR were measured to be (0.06 ± 0.04) nmol m−2 s−1; for the monoterpenes, the VMR was measured to be (0.10 ± 0.09) ppb mean diurnal (24 h) and mean diurnal (24 h) flux of monoterpenes to be (0.08 ± 0.05) nmol m−2 s−1. Detailed descriptions of the fluxes/VMRs of other VOCs, acetone/methanol/acetaldehyde, are also presented. The results obtained here have also been compared to several other similar studies and campaigns.

Representing Regions, Challenging Bicameralism: An Introduction

Abstract This special issue publishes a number of conference papers presented at the conference ‘Representing Regions, Challenging Bicameralism’ that took place on 22 and 23 March 2018 at the University of Innsbruck, Austria. In this issue, the developments of European bicameral parliaments in (quasi-)federal states are dealt with as well as the political impact of shared rule and alternative models to second chambers. Several papers compare the organizational and functional design of territorial second chambers. Finally, closer examination is given to the EU’s Committee of Regions and the second chambers in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Switzerland and the UK.

Partly randomised, controlled study in children aged 6–10 years to investigate motor and cognitive effects of a 9-week coordination training intervention with concurrent mental tasks

IntroductionPhysical training may play a prominent role in the development of preadolescent brains, but it is yet to be determined what type of exercise may generate higher cognitive effects, and...

Rash, fever and arthralgia in a 19‐year‐old woman

JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen GesellschaftVolume 16, Issue 4 p. 490-493 Diagnosequiz Rash, fever and arthralgia in a 19-year-old woman Nicole Höllweger, Corresponding Author Nicole Höllweger nicole.hoellweger@tirol-kliniken.at Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Innsbruck University Medical Center, Innsbruck, Austria Korrespondenzanschrift Dr. med. Nicole Höllweger Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Innsbruck University Medical Center Anichstraße 35 6020 Innsbruck, Austria E-mail: nicole.hoellweger@tirol-kliniken.atSearch for more papers by this authorMatthias Schmuth, Matthias Schmuth Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Innsbruck University Medical Center, Innsbruck, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorVan Anh Nguyen, Van Anh Nguyen Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Innsbruck University Medical Center, Innsbruck, AustriaSearch for more papers by this author Nicole Höllweger, Corresponding Author Nicole Höllweger nicole.hoellweger@tirol-kliniken.at Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Innsbruck University Medical Center, Innsbruck, Austria Korrespondenzanschrift Dr. med. Nicole Höllweger Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Innsbruck University Medical Center Anichstraße 35 6020 Innsbruck, Austria E-mail: nicole.hoellweger@tirol-kliniken.atSearch for more papers by this authorMatthias Schmuth, Matthias Schmuth Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Innsbruck University Medical Center, Innsbruck, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorVan Anh Nguyen, Van Anh Nguyen Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Innsbruck University Medical Center, Innsbruck, AustriaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 26 March 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.13483AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume16, Issue4April 2018Pages 490-493 RelatedInformation

Exploring cued and non-cued motor imagery interventions in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomised feasibility trial and reliability study

BackgroundMotor imagery (MI) is increasingly used in neurorehabilitation to facilitate motor performance. Our previous study results demonstrated significantly improved walking after rhythmic-cued MI in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). The present feasibility study was aimed to obtain preliminary information of changes in walking, fatigue, quality of life (QoL) and MI ability following cued and non-cued MI in pwMS. The study further investigated the feasibility of a larger study and examined the reliability of a two-dimensional gait analysis system.MethodsAt the MS-Clinic, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria, 15 adult pwMS (1.5–4.5 on the Expanded Disability Status Scale, 13 females) were randomised to one of three groups: 24 sessions of 17 min of MI with music and verbal cueing (MVMI), with music alone (MMI), or non-cued (MI). Descriptive statistics were reported for all outcomes. Primary outcomes were walking speed (Timed 25-Foot Walk) and walking distance (6-Minute Walk Test). Secondary outcomes were recruitment rate, retention, adherence, acceptability, adverse events, MI ability (Kinaesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire, Time-Dependent MI test), fatigue (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale) and QoL (Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29). The reliability of a gait analysis system used to assess gait synchronisation with music beat was tested.ResultsParticipants showed adequate MI abilities. Post-intervention, improvements in walking speed, walking distance, fatigue, QoL and MI ability were observed in all groups. Success of the feasibility criteria was demonstrated by recruitment and retention rates of 8.6% (95% confidence interval, CI 5.2, 13.8%) and 100% (95% CI 76.4, 100%), which exceeded the target rates of 5.7% and 80%. Additionally, the 83% (95% CI 0.42, 0.99) adherence rate surpassed the 67% target rate. Intra-rater reliability analysis of the gait measurement instruments demonstrated excellent Intra-Class Correlation coefficients for step length of 0.978 (95% CI 0.973, 0.982) and step time of 0.880 (95% CI 0.855, 0.902).ConclusionResults from our study suggest that cued and non-cued MI are valuable interventions in pwMS who were able to imagine movements. A larger study appears feasible, however, substantial improvements to the methods are required such as stratified randomisation using a computer-generated sequence and blinding of the assessors.Trial registrationISRCTN ISRCTN92351899. Registered 10 December 2015.

Smoking is not associated with higher prevalence of JC virus in MS patients

John Cunningham virus (JCV) causes rare, but potentially life-threatening progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Beside JCV index, there is currently no other factor for further risk stratification. Because smoking was reported as potential risk factor for several viral and bacterial infections, we aimed to investigate whether smoking could increase the risk for JCV infection in MS patients. We screened our database of the MS Clinic of the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria, for patients with known smoking status and test result for anti-JCV antibody index as determined by two-step ELISA at Unilabs, Copenhagen, Denmark. In a representative cohort of 200 MS patients with a rate of 36% current smokers plus 6% former smokers, we were not able to detect any association between smoking and JCV status. Furthermore, there was no association between smoking status and anti-JCV antibody index. Smoking does not seem to be a risk factor for JCV infection in MS patients and, therefore, does not represent a suitable marker for PML-risk stratification under treatment with natalizumab.

Gender-Specific Differences in Access to Polysomnography and Prevalence of Sleep Disorders.

Previous studies have shown that women have less access or longer waiting times to high-tech medicine compared with men. This study aimed to detect possible gender differences in access to the diagnostic high-tech method of polysomnography (PSG). Furthermore, the study explored gender differences in prevalence of specific sleep diseases. Source data of n = 1000 patients, who underwent PSG at the Medical University of Innsbruck, were reviewed. Clinical data regarding time elapsed between symptom onset and PSG as well as final diagnoses were analyzed for gender differences. Six hundred sixty-nine men and 331 women were examined with PSG. There were no gender differences in access to PSG after first presentation to the sleep laboratory. Significantly more men than women (13.3 vs. 6.9%) were referred to medical examination because of abnormal observations by their bed partner. In men we found more sleep-related breathing disorders and fragmentary myoclonus, whereas in women insomnia was more common. Sleep-related breathing disorders showed a more severe manifestation in men, however, there was no difference in treatment with continuous positive airway pressure/biphasic positive airway pressure therapy between male and female patients. Twice as many men than women received a PSG. This is explained by the referral rates to the sleep laboratory. While there are well-established gender differences for some sleep disorders, the fact that twice as many men than women were referred to the sleep laboratory could indicate a lower awareness for sleep disorders in women.

News

The journal “eco.mont” – Journal of protected mountain areas research and management – was published for the first time in June 2009. The journal was founded as a joint initiative of the Alpine Network of Protected Areas (ALPARC), the International Scientific Committee on Research in the Alps (ISCAR), the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) and the University of Innsbruck. The journal aims to highlight research on and management issues in protected areas in the Alps without excluding other protected mountain areas in Europe or overseas. Its target audiences are scientists from all related disciplines, managers of protected areas and interested individuals including practitioners, visitors, teachers, etc. The journal presents peer-reviewed articles in English by authors who research protected mountain areas and management issues within these areas. It's published twice a year as a collaboration of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Press – responsible for the e-version – and Innsbruck University Press – responsible for the print version.

Editorial - Related projects recorded in the European Mountain Pool

The journal “eco.mont” – Journal of protected mountain areas research and management – was published for the first time in June 2009. The journal was founded as a joint initiative of the Alpine Network of Protected Areas (ALPARC), the International Scientific Committee on Research in the Alps (ISCAR), the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) and the University of Innsbruck. The journal aims to highlight research on and management issues in protected areas in the Alps without excluding other protected mountain areas in Europe or overseas. Its target audiences are scientists from all related disciplines, managers of protected areas and interested individuals including practitioners, visitors, teachers, etc. The journal presents peer-reviewed articles in English by authors who research protected mountain areas and management issues within these areas. It's published twice a year as a collaboration of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Press – responsible for the e-version – and Innsbruck University Press – responsible for the print version.

Cities as Multiple Landscapes: Investigating the Sister Cities Innsbruck and New Orleans ed. by Christina Antenhofer et al.

Reviewed by: Cities as Multiple Landscapes: Investigating the Sister Cities Innsbruck and New Orleansed. by Christina Antenhofer et al. Hedwig Richter Cities as Multiple Landscapes: Investigating the Sister Cities Innsbruck and New Orleans. Edited by Christina Antenhofer, Günter Bischof, Robert Dupont, and Ulrich Leitner. Interdisciplinary Urban Research. (Frankfurt and New York: Campus Verlag, 2016. Pp. 529. $68.00, ISBN 978-3-593-50647-0.) At the very beginning of this book, the editors ask the question: "How should it be possible to compare two such different cities as Innsbruck and New Orleans?" (p. 11). It is with these two cities—the Austrian alpine city and the southern U.S. port city—that the volume, consisting of five hundred pages and twenty-five articles, is concerned. But of course the important question is not how to compare something—since anything can be compared. Rather, it is whether it is worth making a comparison in the first place. And this crucial question is also one that the editors pose with disarming candor in their introduction: "why should one even want to compare these cities which at first glance do not have much in common?" (p. 11). As the editors reveal, the immediate impetus for the volume came from an International Summer School that the University of New Orleans has hosted in [End Page 1051]Innsbruck since 1976. Since then, 10,000 students, 454 professors, and 62 staff members have each spent six weeks in idyllic Innsbruck. But what is interesting about the book? Why is it worth comparing the two cities? Some of the contributors do indeed refer to the concept of "Multiple Landscapes" that appears in the book's title, with this idea serving (as the editors write in their introduction) "as a heuristic concept to organize the approaches to the multiple layers and unique logic of each of the two cities alike" (p. 19). The question may immediately arise as to whether there are also non-multiple landscapes, but it sounds good in any case. It is in this spirit that we should understand the historians, tourism experts, city planners, architects, geographers, and educationalists who fill the volume with their studies and who for the most part work at the University of Innsbruck and, to a lesser extent, at the University of New Orleans and other universities. Largely unburdened by research questions and released from any coherence that might unite the volume, the contributors tell of interesting events, places worth seeing, and curious insights, of facts worth knowing, and of all sorts of other things. The geographer Richard Campanella, for example, reports on a unique treasure in New Orleans: the Notarial Archives, which contains more than 40 million pages of property transfer records spanning three centuries. The French Quarter, popular with tourists, is particularly well documented. Campanella also wonders why the narrow houses known as "shotguns" boomed after the Civil War. And we learn that this trend might well have had something to do with the end of slavery: since only a few households could still afford servants, there was no longer the need for extra space for staff in the houses. In turn, city planner Arnold Klotz and historian Wolfgang Meixner report in a chapter about "Innsbruck as Olympic City" that Innsbruck has twice hosted the largest sports event in the world after the FIFA World Cup. Their article contains impressive photographs of the architecture that these major events have left behind. That Innsbruck was hit heavily by the Allies in twenty-two bombing raids in 1944 is a fact that even many German speakers may not know—but one that we can read about in this volume. Not a few of the insights presented are actually quite obvious: that large cities are less influenced by their universities than are smaller cities, or that the changes in Innsbruck over the last few decades are "to be traced back onto a solid historical foundation" (p. 167). And, while we are on the subject of cities and universities, one author bravely compares the cities of New York, Chicago, and Montreal. Speaking of universities: one academic explains in a very detailed way that universities have the unpleasant effect of making...

Editorial by the editors and the editorial board - Related projects recorded in the European Mountain Pool

The journal “eco.mont” – Journal of protected mountain areas research and management – was published for the first time in June 2009. The journal was founded as a joint initiative of the Alpine Network of Protected Areas (ALPARC), the International Scientific Committee on Research in the Alps (ISCAR), the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) and the University of Innsbruck. The journal aims to highlight research on and management issues in protected areas in the Alps without excluding other protected mountain areas in Europe or overseas. Its target audiences are scientists from all related disciplines, managers of protected areas and interested individuals including practitioners, visitors, teachers, etc. The journal presents peer-reviewed articles in English by authors who research protected mountain areas and management issues within these areas. It's published twice a year as a collaboration of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Press – responsible for the e-version – and Innsbruck University Press – responsible for the print version.

Book Review

The journal “eco.mont” – Journal of protected mountain areas research and management – was published for the first time in June 2009. The journal was founded as a joint initiative of the Alpine Network of Protected Areas (ALPARC), the International Scientific Committee on Research in the Alps (ISCAR), the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) and the University of Innsbruck. The journal aims to highlight research on and management issues in protected areas in the Alps without excluding other protected mountain areas in Europe or overseas. Its target audiences are scientists from all related disciplines, managers of protected areas and interested individuals including practitioners, visitors, teachers, etc. The journal presents peer-reviewed articles in English by authors who research protected mountain areas and management issues within these areas. It's published twice a year as a collaboration of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Press – responsible for the e-version – and Innsbruck University Press – responsible for the print version.

News

The journal “eco.mont” – Journal of protected mountain areas research and management – was published for the first time in June 2009. The journal was founded as a joint initiative of the Alpine Network of Protected Areas (ALPARC), the International Scientific Committee on Research in the Alps (ISCAR), the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) and the University of Innsbruck. The journal aims to highlight research on and management issues in protected areas in the Alps without excluding other protected mountain areas in Europe or overseas. Its target audiences are scientists from all related disciplines, managers of protected areas and interested individuals including practitioners, visitors, teachers, etc. The journal presents peer-reviewed articles in English by authors who research protected mountain areas and management issues within these areas. It's published twice a year as a collaboration of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Press – responsible for the e-version – and Innsbruck University Press – responsible for the print version.