University Of Illinois In Urbana-Champaign Research Articles

INCORPORACIONES A LA PROSOPOGRAFÍA DEL ARCHIVO DEL EANNA

This article presents additional prosopographical data from the archive of the Eanna temple of Uruk (southern Babylonia). Most of the data are included in unpublished or little-studied Neo- and Late- Babylonian tablets mostly from the Knopf collection which has been housed until recently at the Claremont Graduate University (California). The pertinent tablets are either published or digested below. In addition, several unpublished tablets from the archive which belong to the Spurlock Museum of the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign are also included. This is mainly a prosopography of Eanna’s craftsmen. It completes and modifies previous studies on this subject.

Integrity Assessment of Open-Circuit Respiration Chambers for Ruminant Animal Indirect Calorimetry

Abstract. Open-circuit chambers have been widely applied to gas exchange measurement for indirect calorimetry and greenhouse gas emission. The reliability of these systems is crucial and is commonly evaluated through recovery tests. These tests simulate gas exchanges of animals through the injection or consumption of known quantities of gases, while monitoring the gas flux with the measurement system, and then comparing the difference between the known mass and the measured mass to assess the system integrity. Although the recovery test approach is widely accepted, the method of how to choose recovery tests has rarely been documented, and no single source has been found that summarizes a complete process for evaluating a system and correcting post-evaluation systematic errors. In this study, three recovery methods were applied: (1) the alcohol combustion method (ACM) burns a known amount of pure ethanol to simulate both consumption (O2) and production (CO2); (2) the gravimetric gas injection method (GRAV) directly measures the weight change of a compressed CO2 gas cylinder during the injection process; and (3) the constant gas injection method (CGIM) steadily injects sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas into the chamber. An experiment was conducted that included eight repeated trials for each of the three methods in six identical chambers (144 total tests) of the Ruminant Emission Measurement System (REMS) at the Beef Cattle and Sheep Field Laboratory at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. The recovery percentages of the respiratory quotient for the six ACM chambers varied from 72.58% to 77.76%, indicating that measurement and calculation errors occurred in the system. The CGIM and GRAV methods were used for identifying the errors from ventilation measurement and calculation of exhaust airflow rate. Correction factors were generated from the results and proved effective, as recovery percentages were improved to an acceptable level (100% ±5%) for all chambers. This approach can be applied to other studies and other systems to assist in selecting appropriate integrity tests and applying correction methods. Keywords: Cattle, Emissions, Gas exchange, Metabolism, Recovery method, Tracer gas measurement.

Erratum: "The Relationship of Three-Dimensional Human Skull Motion to Brain Tissue Deformation in Magnetic Resonance Elastography Studies" (ASME J. Biomech. Eng., 2017, 139(5), p. 051002; DOI: 10.1115/1.4036146) to Paper Number BIO-16-1363.

In this study, displacements of brain tissue in six human subjects and one gelatin "phantom" were measured by MR elastography on two MR scanners. Both were Siemens Trio 3T MRI scanners. One Trio scanner was located at the Beckman Institute at University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign (UIUC; 4 subjects) and the other Trio scanner was at the Center for Clinical Imaging Research at Washington University in St. Louis (WU; 2 subjects and gel phantom). After publication, we discovered that the default motion-encoding gradient strength was not identical on the two scanners, but was lower on the WU scanner than on the UIUC scanner (20 mT/m vs 26 mT/m on the UIUC scanner). Thus in two subjects and the gel phantom, the estimated displacement amplitudes should be higher by a factor equal to 26/20 (1.3). Correcting this error changes estimates of mean and standard deviation of brain displacement, curl and strain values in the human brain by about 10% (due to 30% error in 2/6 subjects). Corresponding measurements in a gel phantom are also affected; these were included solely for qualitative comparison to the behavior of the brain. No statistical comparisons were affected by these errors. The main conclusions of the study are unchanged.

Heini Halberstam, 1926-2014

Heini Halberstam, 1926-2014

God Uses a Ball-Peen Hammer

God Uses a Ball-Peen Hammer Janice N. Harrington (bio) Primitive, meaning crude or original. But thenwho isn’t self-taught? The geometry of two bodiesatop a plane of Percale sheets. I can’t explainhow people treat one another, or how I’ve treated anyone.The cop on the newscast says Bring it. You fucking animals.Bring it. Primitive behavior. A child raises her handsin the air, not to God, not to be lifted, but to say Don’tshoot. Don’t shoot. Tonight, the oak, the magnolia,the ash tree lift black limbs. From a distance, their limbslook like flames. Burn, Motherfucker. Burn.Everything surrenders. I have only a crude understandingof any of this. How rough the world. Consider the codebeneath this electric dizziness. Rainforest deforestation:An indigenous family lost beside a road in Brazil. Naked.Mud-painted. Infested with intestinal parasites. Deathbecause of what you don’t know. A life made from whatyou do. On a primitive trail the grass touches your feet.You can run an entire life on an alternating current.The great motherboard above us: explosion, scatter, drift,chance. The spore of algae on the antenna of a satellite.In space surrounded by void, between the shiny polka dotted stars,black bodies lift in surrender, reach outward. Chaosis when there’s nothing left to hold on to. History is primitive,rough, crude, savage, primal: not a precision tool: a mallet. [End Page 1] Janice N. Harrington JANICE N. HARRINGTON, an associate editor of Callaloo, is author of The Hands of Strangers: Poems from the Nursing Home (2011), Even the Hollow My Body Made Is Gone (2007), winner of the A. Poulin, Jr. Poetry Prize and the Kate Tufts Discovery Award, and a number of books for children. She teaches creative writing at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. Copyright © 2015 The Johns Hopkins University Press

Cut

Cut Janice N. Harrington (bio) Want to watch me cut up a chicken? my mother asks.A daughter’s lesson: to cut or take apart,to slip a kitchen knife between muscle and ball joint. Stoics split the soul, stored its fractionsin the chambers of the heart. Use a sharp knife,she said. The dull blade, more treacherous, slips. A woman learns how easily flesh parts,the pressure needed to pop a joint, to sever gristle.Use salt water to soak the meat. Blood ruins, taints. Well-schooled, I trim the seams of fat, flingthe offal into its sack. Let the flies come.Let them transcribe it all anew. Cut reduced toparts quarter ed processed: My father lies nakedon a steel gurney, his ribs pried open. The cargo takenfrom his stomach. His heart—its black chamberscaulked and sealed with fat, black ballast, blackstone—is chopped free, held in a rubber glove,and weighed. Skin is the body’s largest organ. My father’s skinwas brown and mottled with mole. Split open—his body waits for the official report. A gloved handrepacks and staples the chest’s cavity, records, signs,and stamps complete. I hold what remains. Woman’s work—the art of cutting and cutting away—to part and part from. [End Page 3] Janice N. Harrington JANICE N. HARRINGTON, an associate editor of Callaloo, is author of The Hands of Strangers: Poems from the Nursing Home (2011), Even the Hollow My Body Made Is Gone (2007), winner of the A. Poulin, Jr. Poetry Prize and the Kate Tufts Discovery Award, and a number of books for children. She teaches creative writing at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. Copyright © 2015 The Johns Hopkins University Press

Libraries, librarians, and library system of the American state of Illinois

Abstract The article presents the library system of the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign, structure and functioning of the library system of Illinois, education and training of library staff and academic librarians` status and promotion. The author points out also some current dilemmas of public and school libraries in Illinois, which are connected with the problem of intellectual freedom and free access to information, as that of internet filtering, free access to information for minors, library acquisition policy, library buildings and premises, etc.

The Satisfactions of a Limited View: On the paintings of Horace Pippin

The Satisfactions of a Limited ViewOn the paintings of Horace Pippin Janice N. Harrington (bio) As if to denydistance or viewpoint, as if to refute continuitiesof space and linear perspective—the artisthas drawn the window’s shades. The windowsare architectural, an aspect of wall or, more exactly,negation or cataract. A painted shade on a painted window in a painted room asserts that there is nothingbeyond the seeming now or here, beyondthe quaint vanities of our senses. I am because I see. I am what I have seen.There are no vanishing points, for we fearabandonment. A shaded window begs: stay,or rather—look, or rather—I give you what I have.The blackened window denies separation, refusesdifference. Closed: the doors. Drawn: the shades.Why recollect? Memory furnishes emptyrooms with dustcovers. Outside: chaos. Inside: boundaries,a little space to move in, much more than we need. [End Page 835] Janice N. Harrington Janice N. Harrington, Illinois Poet Laureate, is author of The Hands of Strangers: Poems from the Nursing Home (2011), Even the Hollow My Body Made Is Gone (2007), winner of the A. Poulin, Jr., Poetry Prize and the Kate Tufts Discovery Award, and a number of books for children. She teaches creative writing at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. Copyright © 2014 The Johns Hopkins University Press

Losing the Way, 1930: Oil on burnt-wood by Horace Pippin

Losing the Way, 1930Oil on burnt-wood by Horace Pippin Janice N. Harrington (bio) 21 lynchings Black Muslims 40,000 White Women against Lynching Marian Anderson at Carnegie Hall What cripples—the wound or the scar? The can’t or the can’t no more? At his kitchen table, a man once scorched a story into a table leaf with a heated poker, the story of a man trudging with horse and wagon through a bleak and weary snow. The story started with a line. The tip of the poker pushed in and slid forward. Vision—when you’re ready to burn and be burned in return. Huddie Leadbetter arrested for killing a white man As I Lay Dying Civilization and Its Discontents Ellington’s “Dreamy Blues” A man travels before a dark wood. Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita mi ritrovai per una selva oscura ché la diritta via era smarrita. Lost, he makes his own path with broken flesh, with time, with violence (a heated poker). In your own winters, how far did you travel? Find the road? Russian Farms collectivized Lorraine Hansberry born Julius Rosenwald Syphilis studies in Tuskegee Paul Robeson as Othello at the Savoy A portrait of a man with snow and loneliness—too far away to see his face, to see if he is you, to see if he sees you. Loneliness is snow and sleet and ice. In his notebooks, Pippin described his first winter in France. So cold, he said, he didn’t know what to do. On cots in canvas tents, boys dying from influenza, a drowning death, lungs turned into melted snow. Teribell grond of sarro, he wrote, meaning their dead bodies, meaning the snow, meaning lonely never leaves. Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes Gandhi’s Salt March The Fiske Murals What does a man carry when he’s lost? If he sets aside all that he carries, will he travel faster? Cold hands, cold feet, the breath of the animal beside you, the muffled turn of wagon wheels. Just a little further, he thought, a little ways ahead. I get there. Janice N. Harrington Janice N. Harrington, Illinois Poet Laureate, is author of The Hands of Strangers: Poems from the Nursing Home (2011), Even the Hollow My Body Made Is Gone (2007), winner of the A. Poulin, Jr., Poetry Prize and the Kate Tufts Discovery Award, and a number of books for children. She teaches creative writing at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. Copyright © 2014 The Johns Hopkins University Press

Rustico by Jose Chardiet

Jose Chardiet (1956- ) was born in Havanna, Cuba, but raised in New Haven, Connecticut, after his family immigrated to the United States in 1960. He received his BA from Southern Connecticut State University in New Haven in 1980 and his MFA in 1983 from Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, where he was an artist-in-residence until 1985. The following year he opened his own studio in New Haven, which he maintained until 1990. Throughout the ensuing years, he joined the faculty at several prestigious art schools such as Pilchuck Glass School in Stanwood, Washington; Penland School of Crafts in Penland, North Carolina; Haystack Mountain School of Craft in Deer Isle, Maine; and the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. In 2000, Chardiet opened the Jose Chardiet Studio in Providence, Rhode Island, which he currently maintains.1http://www.wexlergallery.com/artists/glass/secondary-market/chardiet_jose/chardiet_jose.pdfGoogle Scholar Rustico, a 28×11×7–inch hand-blown and cast-glass sculpture, is one of a series of works inspired when Chardiet toured a display titled “Primitivism in the 20th Century Art” at the Detroit Institute of Art in Detroit, Michigan, in 1984.2http://www.josechardiet.com/?cat=3Google Scholar The bright flashing colors and twisting animated figures in Rustico deliver a sense of native totem poles, and the placement of these in the solid block of cast glass alludes to the timeless nature of ancient cave paintings. Rustico might also call to mind an exotic flower garden or hastily placed floral arrangement. Those familiar with glasswork can see the influence gained from Chardiet's experience at Pilchuck Glass School. Rustico is located on 19th floor of the Gonda Building on the Mayo Clinic campus in Rochester, Minnesota.

Comparison of Computed and Experimentally Assessed Times of Concentration for a V-Shaped Laboratory Watershed

AbstractIn comparison with a kinematic wave–based equation for estimation of the time of concentration, three methods, Ben-Zvi’s method, the modified Ben-Zvi method, and Izzard’s method, were applied to determine the time of concentration from the experimental hydrographs reaching an equilibrium flow state. The experiments were performed for stationary rainstorms on a V-shaped aluminum watershed in the watershed experimentation system (WES) at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign, Illinois. The times of concentration determined by these three methods were compared to mathematical equations in the existing literature. It is found that the time corresponding to 89% of the maximum discharge as per the modified Ben-Zvi method yielded a generally agreeable time of concentration for the WES experimental hydrographs, while the criterion of 97% of the peak discharge as per Izzard’s method overestimates the time of concentration. It is found that Woolhiser and Liggett’s and Wong’s equations can predict t...

Single Archaeal Species Caught Splitting into Two Distinct Groups

A single archaeal species, Sulfolobus islandicus, from an isolated volcanic hot spring in Kamchatka, Russia, is at the point of diverging into two new species, according to microbiologist Rachel Whitaker from the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign and her collaborators at the University of California, Davis, and Oxford University in the United Kingdom. Their findings, apparently the first observed instance of sympatric speciation—one lineage becoming two—in a microorganism, provide an illuminating glimpse of how strains in the same niche can diverge. Details appear in the February 2012 PLoS Biology 10(2):e1001265 (doi:10.1371/journal.pbio. e1001265).

To Explore Surroundings, Pseudomonas Cells “Walk” Upright

Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses two distinct type IV pili (TFP)-driven movements when foraging —the first, “crawling,” gets a cell from one place to another quickly, while the second, “walking” upright, enables it to explore its surroundings, according to Gerard C. L. Wong at the University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) and colleagues there and at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign, the University of Houston in Houston, Tex., and the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Ind. The newly described walking behavior was identified by using particle-tracking algorithms to analyze movies of bacterial trajectories. Details appear in the 8 October 2010 Science, DOI: 10.1126/science.1194238.

Production, Preservation, and Use of Ethiopian Archives (Fourteenth–Eighteenth Centuries)

Donald Crummey’s article in this special issue starts by raising several crucial questions: “How documents and archives were created in historical Ethiopia remains opaque. How, physically and institutionally, were documents created in the first place? Did they go through several stages of development? If so, why? What determined the location where they were deposited? What considerations affected whether or not copies were made of a document? And, if copies were made, how were the number and their respective locations determined?” Is it necessary to point out that Crummey is a pioneer in the study and use of these documents by historians? His campaigns during the 1980s and 1990s for the photographing of manuscripts in Ethiopian churches and monasteries established an important collection of documents on microfilm. This collection has been digitalized and is now available for consultation at both the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign and the Institute of Ethiopian Studies in Addis Ababa. This material has been the subject and source of Crummey’s many publications up till his Land and Society in the Christian

Introduction to Session 1A: Feedstock Genomics and Development

Genomics research aimed at improving bioconversion properties of feedstocks received a major impetus as a result of the Feedstock Genomics program jointly operated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). In addition, oil company BP established the Energy Biosciences Institute in collaboration with the University of California-Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. This was followed later on in the year by the establishment of three DOE-funded bioenergy centers. The need to switch from petroleum-based duels to biofuels was underscored by the report of Working Group II of the United Nations-sponsored International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in which the wide-spread effects of greenhouse gas emissions on the global climate were presented. IPCC and former U.S. vice-president Al Gore received the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to quantify and disseminate the effects of global warming.

Harry George Drickamer (1918–2002): Electronic Phenomena in Condensed Matter at High Pressure

Harry George Drickamer (1918–2002): Electronic Phenomena in Condensed Matter at High Pressure

Vector-borne diseases and global warming: are both on an upward swing? Scientists are still debating whether global warming will lead to a further spread of mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit.

The effects of global warming have long been a focus of scientists’ attention, not only since the USA rejected the Kyoto Protocol, which was drafted to curb the emission of so‐called greenhouse gases. The potential consequences of increasing the Earth's temperature by just a few degrees include a rise in ocean levels due to melting of the polar ice caps, parching of the land and changes of storm, flood and drought patterns. These scenarios are mainly debated among climatologists, but biologists are adding a further dimension with another potentially disastrous effect. ‘In the past five years, there has been increasing discussion about global warming and its potential impact on diseases like malaria and dengue fever in the tropics and even in temperate zones’, Uriel Kitron, Professor of Epidemiology at the University of Illinois in Urbana‐Champaign, said. Indeed, many scientists point to global warming as a factor in the spread of malaria and other vector‐borne infectious diseases. This camp believes that global warming is likely to disturb a delicate equilibrium and contribute to new epidemics of malaria, yellow and dengue fever and encephalitis. Kitron has been studying the invasion of the tiger mosquito in Illinois, LaCrosse encephalitis in the Great Lakes region, and dengue and malaria in Trinidad, Kenya and Mozambique. His research, however, does not clearly link global warming with the spread of these diseases. ‘Vector‐borne diseases have an extremely complex ecology, which renders transmission and what it takes to produce disease not that simple and clear cut’, he said. > Many scientists believe that global warming is likely to disturb a delicate equilibrium and contribute to new epidemics of malaria, yellow and dengue fever and encephalitis Unlike Kitron's middle‐of‐the‐road view, much of the scientific thinking on the topic is polarised, and seems to be tinged with politics. Paul Epstein, Associate …

The Relationships of School Art, National Goals, and Multilayered Cultures

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsLiora BreslerLiora Bresler is an associate professor in the College of Education at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign.

LEEP3—distance education tips

The Graduate School of Library and Information Science (GSLIS) at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign is reaching out to potential graduate students in Illinois and beyond. GSLIS is developing an experimental model for delivering high-quality professional instruction through its new distance education M.S. scheduling option, LEEP3 (http://alexia.lis.uiuc.edu/LEEP3/index.html). My talk deals with lessons learned during our first few months of instruction.

The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology

The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, located on the campus of the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign, was conceived in 1983, when two groups of campus administrators and professors were asked by Theodore L. Brown, then vice chancellor for research, to come up with a plan to facilitate research on the Illinois campus. The whole institute had been structured to focus on three related research areas: molecular and electronic nanostructures, biological intelligence, and human-computer intelligent interaction. These three main research themes are outlined.